The structure of the Great Wall, what is the structure of the Great Wall?

The structure of the Great Wall: a complete defense engineering system composed of a variety of fortifications such as city walls, enemy towers, gates, dungeons, camps, guards, towns, beacons, etc. The walls are the main part of the city walls, with an average height of meters, with some sections reaching as high as 14 meters.

Where the hills are steep, they are built relatively low, and where they are flat, they are built higher; It is higher in the most important places and lower in the general area. The wall is the main part of the defense against the enemy, and its total thickness is wide, the width of the foundation is meters, and the average width of the floor on the wall is also meters, so as to ensure that two baggage wagons are parallel. The wall is composed of an outer eaves wall and an inner eaves wall, and the interior is filled with earth and gravel.

As a defensive project, the Great Wall is mainly composed of three parts: passes, city walls, and beacon towers.

Pass. The pass is generally composed of a square or polygonal city wall, a city gate, a city gate tower, and an urn city. There are also Luo Castle and moats. Among them, the city wall is the main project of the Great Wall, and the inner and outer eaves walls are mostly covered with huge bricks and stones, filled with loess and gravel, and the height is generally about 10 meters.

The top is 4 5 meters wide, and there are horse paths and stairways for the upper and lower city walls. On the outer eaves of the city wall, there are battlements for lookouts and shooting, and on the inner eaves wall, there is a wall (or women's wall) about 1 meter high.

Walls. The city wall is the link that connects Xiongguan, passes, enemy platforms, etc. The average height is about 7.8 meters, and in places with steep hills, the walls are relatively low. The average width of the wall base is about one meter, the top is wide one meter, and the section is small and large into a trapezoid.

The wall knots mainly include plate rammed earth walls, adobe walls, brick walls, etc. Other structures are: Coupon Gate.

Battlements. Castle Tower.

Beacon. The beacon tower is a building that uses beacon fire and smoke to transmit military information.

During the long years of Chinese history, many feudal dynasties built it many times in order to consolidate their rule; Tens of millions of working people in ancient China contributed wisdom and blood and sweat to it, making it a great wonder of the world. Whether it is a dragon-like city wall or a choking pass, it embodies the war idea of fortification at that time, and also marks the high achievement of construction technology at that time. For example, during the Ming Dynasty, with the high development of the feudal economy, the construction industry also reflected a large-scale production process and a relatively scientific firing brick and tile workshop.

Therefore, the output of brick products has increased greatly, and bricks and tiles are no longer precious building materials, so the inner and outer eaves of the city wall in many places of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty are built with huge bricks. At that time, it was all manual construction and manual handling of building materials, and the city wall was built with bricks of small weight and the same size, which was not only convenient for construction, but also improved the construction efficiency and improved the construction level. Secondly, many of the gates of the pass are mostly made of blue bricks to form long-span arches, some of which have been severely weathered, but the entire city gate is still majestic, showing the superb skill of masonry arches at that time.

Judging from the architectural decoration on the castle tower of the pass, the production techniques of many stone carvings and bricks are extremely complex and fine, reflecting the ingenuity of the craftsmen at that time.

What is the internal structure of the Great Wall? 2,000 years ago, the ancients used local materials to make people admire!

This needs to be clarified, what structure?

The Great Wall is composed of a complete defense engineering system composed of a variety of fortifications such as city walls, enemy towers, gates, dungeons, camps, guards, and beacon towers.

The Great Wall, also known as the Great Wall, is a military fortification in ancient China, a tall, strong and continuous long wall to limit the movement of enemy cavalry. The Great Wall is not a simple isolated city wall, but a defense system with the city wall as the main body and a large number of cities, barriers, pavilions and beacons. The defense engineering construction of the Great Wall has accumulated a wealth of experience in the construction process of more than 2,000 years.

The Great Wall system has a large number of beacons as an intelligence transmission system, which is the oldest but most effective way of transmitting information. The castle is divided into an acropolis, a fortress or a thousand households and a fortress according to the rank, and is arranged on the inner side of the Great Wall according to the requirements of the defense system and military system, and there are those outside the wall. The location of the fortress is very important, and it is chosen in a favorable terrain for defense, so as to achieve the effect of resisting the powerful invader Bi Weichi with a very small number of troops.

The main passes of the Great Wall

1. Shanhaiguan.

Shanhaiguan is known as "the first pass in the world", located 15 kilometers northeast of Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province, and is the entrance to the sea of the Great Wall. With a total length of 26 kilometers, it mainly includes: Laolongtou Great Wall, South Wing Great Wall, Guancheng Great Wall, North Wing Great Wall, Jiaoshan Great Wall, Sandaoguan Great Wall and Jiumen Great Wall.

2. Zhenbeitai.

Zhenbeitai is located in Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, a famous historical and cultural city, about 3 kilometers away from the urban area, it is the most grandiose and majestic building in the Great Wall, and it is also the most majestic military fortress and observation post on the Great Wall.

3. Jiayuguan.

Jiayuguan is located in the southwest corner of Jiayuguan City, Gansu Province, named after the foothills of Jiayu Mountain, is the starting point of the western end of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty, built in the fifth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1372), is the most intact city pass along the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty, the first pass in Hexi, and is also an important stop on the Silk Road.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - The Great Wall.

The structure of the Great Wall has undergone great changes with the construction, maintenance and reinforcement of different periods. Generally speaking, the Great Wall is mainly composed of city walls, fortresses, passes, roads laid on the city walls and related supporting facilities, artificial wells, etc., and the overall architectural style is very grandiose and magnificent. The walls of the Great Wall are composed of stone, bricks, rammed earth, loess and other materials, and are built by various methods such as ramming, firing, masonry, and back brick burning.

Among them, stone walls are the strongest, and are generally used to build walls in mountainous areas and steep places. Brick walls are widely used because of their fast construction speed and low cost. The walls are usually trapezoidal, convex or concave, while the top of the wall is usually in the form of a castle head or arrow tower, which is used as a checkpoint for guarding, lookout, and attack and defense.

In addition to the city walls, the Great Wall also includes fortresses, which are distributed at the key passes of the Great Wall. The fortress is usually composed of a city wall, a ticket gate and tall earthen walls on both sides, and because it is located at a pass, it can play a role in guarding and defending the level. In addition, roads will be paved for war or transportation.

Most of the roads are bluestone or rammed earth pavement, about 3-5 meters wide, and some are paved with stone slabs or bluestone slabs. In short, as an important ancient architectural and cultural symbol of China, the construction and components of the Great Wall are very complex, and they are the crystallization of the wisdom and diligence of the Chinese nation.

The Great Wall was built as a fortification in ancient China, mainly to defend against the invasion of northern nomads. The structure of the Great Wall includes city walls, city gates, beacon towers, enemy towers, horse roads and other parts. 1.

City Wall: One of the main structures of the Great Wall, usually made of brick, stone, rammed earth and other materials, with varying heights and thicknesses, some reaching more than 10 meters high and up to 5 meters thick. There are also buildings such as arrow towers and watchtowers on the city walls for defenders to observe and shoot.

2.City gates: The entrances and exits on the Great Wall are divided into single and multiple gates, and some also have iron gates and suspension bridges.

There are also old buildings such as arrow towers and watchtowers on the city gates. 3.Beacon.

A signal tower set up on the Great Wall to transmit military information and alerts. Beacons are usually built on top of a hill or on high ground, with multiple beacons connected to form a long signal line. 4.

Enemy Towers: Defensive structures on the Great Wall, usually built on the top of a mountain or cliff, overlooking the surrounding terrain, making it easy to spot enemies and counterattack. The enemy building is inhabited by guards, which can provide sufficient logistical support.

5.Horse Road: Roads and bridges over the Great Wall for the transportation of troops and supplies.

The horse trail was sometimes used as an ambush and chase ground. In general, the structure of the Great Wall is very complex, and it is necessary to consider not only the needs of military defense, but also the functions of transportation, communication, etc. At the same time, the construction of the Great Wall also requires a lot of manpower, material resources and technical means, which is an extremely arduous brotherly project.

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The Great Wall is a great project in ancient China, it is a Great Wall system composed of bricks, stones, soil and other materials, and the main shelter is used to defend against foreign invasions. The structure of the Great Wall is mainly divided into several parts, such as walls, beacon towers, and passes. The walls are the main body of the Great Wall, and it is made of brick, stone, earth and other materials, and varies in height and width, with some parts even exceeding 10 meters high.

In order to strengthen the defensive ability of the wall, rammed earth, stones and other reinforcements are also set inside the wall. Beacon towers are an important part of the Great Wall, which are distributed at various passes and key points of the Great Wall, and are used to transmit information and launch beacon fires. Beacon towers are usually made of stone, adobe and other materials, and some also have fortifications, such as moats, arrow towers, etc.

The pass is the key point of the Great Wall and an important passage for foreign invasions. In order to strengthen the defense, the Great Wall also set up city gates, city walls and other buildings at the passes, and formed a complete pass system.