The structure of Chinese characters, what is the basic structure of Chinese characters

Up and down, left and right, inside and outside, surrounded, semi-surrounded, upper, middle and lower, left, middle and right, single.

The basic structure of Chinese characters is the upper and lower structure, the left and right structure, the semi-enclosed structure, the full enclosed structure, the left and right middle structure, and the upper-middle-lower structure. The shape structure of Chinese characters can be divided into four levels: Chinese characters, parts, strokes, and pen shapes. Chinese characters are the highest level, parts are the middle level, strokes are the second lowest level, and pen shapes are the lowest level.

1) Upper and lower structure: thinking, crooked, risky, safe, complete.

2) Upper, middle and lower structure: grass, violence, will, competition, competition.

3) Left and right structures: good, shed, and, bee, beach, toward, bright.

4) Left-center-right structure: Xie, tree, down, move, apostrophe, whip, debate.

5) Full encirclement structure: encirclement, imprisonment, trapping, field, cause, country, and solidity.

6) Semi-enclosed structure: package, area, flash, this, sentence, letter, wind.

7) Interspersed structure: bad, trillion, non.

8) Pingzag.

Structure: Pin, Sen, Nie, Jing, Lei, Xin, Yan.

The six methods of constituting Chinese characters, such as pictograms, signifiers, huiyi, morphophonics, transcribing, and pretending, are called "six books", which are the six styles of Chinese characters that have been summarized by ancient philologists by analyzing the structure of the Han brother's confessional calendar and how to use them.

1. Pictograms: The four characters such as sun, moon, mountain, and water were the earliest patterns that depicted the sun, moon, mountain, and water, and then gradually evolved into the current shape.

2. Referring to things: This refers to the method of expressing abstract things, and the so-called "each refers to its own thing" is also a slippery front. Rubu is written "up" on it, and people are written "down" under it.

3. Meaning: This word-making method is to combine the roots of the two envy searches to derive new meanings. For example, when "day" and "moon" are combined, the sunlight and the moonlight become "brightness".

4. Shape and sound: This is the unique sound of the text in a specific shape (root). For example: Hu, this character can also be a root, combined with different attribute roots, can be synthesized into: butterfly, butterfly, lake, hu, hu, go, and so on.

5. Transfer: This is used for two words to comment on each other, synonymous with each other and different shapes, "old" and "test" are connected, and the meaning is the same, that is, the so-called old man test.

6. Pretending: In short, borrowing a word to express other things. Generally speaking, when there is a new thing that cannot be described, a root with a similar pronunciation or similar attributes is borrowed to express the new thing.

For example, "again" originally meant the right hand (first seen in oracle bone inscriptions), but it was later assumed to mean "also".

There are six ways to construct Chinese characters: pictogram, signifier, huiyi, morphophonic, transliteration, and borrowing. The first three are structures without phonetic components, and the latter are structures with phonetic components, and later there are transpositions and pretenses. The way these six Chinese characters are constructed is known as the "Six Books".

1. Pictograms. Using simple lines to trace the shape of objective things makes people associate the glyph with concrete things at a glance and know what it represents.

2. Understanding. Combine two or more individual hieroglyphs or signifiers whose meanings can be matched with each other to express a new meaning.

3. Shape and sound. Use one character as the shape next to it to indicate the category of meaning, and use another word as the sound side to indicate the pronunciation. The two are combined into a morphophonetic character.

4. Referring to things. The use of a special symbol to mark an objective thing and represent a certain concept, such a marking symbol is either added to a certain part of a single hieroglyph, or added to a special position representing a certain thing symbol.

5. Transfer. Words that refer to the same radical can be mutually trained (explained to each other).

6. Pretend. Borrowing existing words to indicate words that are homophonic but do not have the same meaning.

Referring to things - "seeing and seeing, observing and seeing".

"Seeing and seeing" means that you can understand the general situation at a glance, and "seeing and seeing" means that you can find the meaning by looking closely. In terms of its characteristics, the word signifier usually denotes some partial or relative concept, by adding an abstract sign to the corresponding part of the pictogram to indicate the extent of the part represented.

Also " is the original text of the word "armpit". Add a short stroke to the person's armpit to indicate the area.

The word "said" is marked on the mouth with a short horizontal to represent the sound of speech in the mouth.

The word "gan" contains (delicious) in the mouth, and the original meaning is delicious.

Ben, Zhu, and Sue add signifiers to the roots, trunks, and treetops of "wood" (trees), respectively.

The word "blade" adds a signifier to the blade of the "knife".

The word "inch" adds a signifier to the "and" that represents the hand, indicating the inch part of the hand.

The word refers to the specific shape, coupled with the meaning of the signifier, so this kind of word-making method has the same great limitations as the pictographic word-making method. This is the reason why the number of 事字 in Chinese characters is the least.

1.Left and right structure.

Examples: Great, Good, Faithful, Sweet, Clear, Certain, Rugged, Child, Sea.

2.Upper and lower structure.

Examples: Sharp, Dusty, Quan, Xi, Lei, Lao Bang, Li, Gu.

3.Semi-enclosed structure.

Example; Throw, wrap, use.

Semi-enclosed structure.

4.Fully enclosed structure.

Examples: country, cause, group, circle, circle, back, solid, hoard, garden, thought, day, eye.

5.Monolithic structure.

Examples: thousand, thousand, for, literal, dry, big, ten.

6.The upper, middle and lower structure sells branches and disturbs.

Examples: Man, Yu, Fu, Enjoy.

7.Left-center-right structure.

Examples: Yan, Rank, Shed, Hi, Tree, Prison.

8.Upper left encloses the structure.

Examples: Zhongdan Temple, Disease, House, House, Tail.

9.The upper right encloses the structure.

Examples: Diao, Oxygen, Ke, Xi.

10.Bottom left encloses the structure.

Examples: Da, Xu, Lian, Climb.

Chinese characters left and right, up and down, heterozygous structure.

According to the orientation relationship between parts in Chinese characters, the structure of Chinese characters can be divided into 14 types.

1. Left and right structures, such as: earn, wei, rest, and da.

2. Upper and lower structures, such as: zhi, miao, word, stomach.

3. Left, middle and right structures, such as: bin, lake, shed, ellipse.

4. Upper, middle and lower structures, such as: Xi, bun, endowment, obscenity.

5. The upper right envelopes the structure, such as: sentence, can, division, formula.

6. The upper left envelopes the pregnant structure, such as: temple, disease, room, nuns.

7. The lower left envelope structure, such as: building, connection, blanket, and embarrassment.

8. The lower right package structure, such as: bucket.

9. The upper three packages of pregnancy structure, such as: same, ask, trouble, and week.

10. The next three packages of pregnancy structure, such as: strike, fierce, letter, painting.

11. The left three pregnancy structures, such as: area, giant, turn, box.

12. Fully encircled structure, such as: prisoner, regiment, cause, prison.

13. Monomer structure, such as: zhang, a, and, me.

14. Special structure, such as: sitting, cool, clamping, and night.

All combinations of Chinese characters can be grouped into one of the above structures.