Article 10 on the construction of the Great Wall

The structure of the Great Wall is a defensive project, which is mainly composed of three parts: the pass, the city wall, and the beacon tower.

The pass is generally composed of a square or polygonal city wall, a city gate, a city gate tower, and an urn city. There are also Luo Castle and moats. Among them, the city wall is the main project of the Great Wall, and the inner and outer eaves walls are mostly covered with huge bricks and stones, filled with loess and gravel, and the height is generally about 10 meters.

The top is 4 5 meters wide, and there are horse paths and stairways for the upper and lower city walls. On the outer eaves of the city wall, there are battlements for lookouts and shooting, and on the inner eaves wall, there is a wall (or women's wall) about 1 meter high.

The focus of the Great Wall.

Since the Qin, Han, Ming and Qing dynasties, many passes along the Great Wall have become places or centers for ethnic trading in the two major economic and cultural systems of agriculture and animal husbandry, and some have gradually developed into important towns along the Great Wall. The Great Wall not only ensures the normal development of agricultural economy, culture and animal husbandry economy and culture, but also provides a place and convenience for the exchange and complementarity between the two.

The Great Wall can withstand the attacks of the nomadic people.

What is the internal structure of the Great Wall? 2,000 years ago, the ancients used local materials to make people admire!

During the long years of Chinese history, many feudal dynasties built it many times in order to consolidate their rule; Tens of millions of working people in ancient China contributed wisdom and blood and sweat to it, making it a great wonder of the world. Whether it is a dragon-like city wall or a choking pass, it embodies the war idea of fortification at that time, and also marks the high achievement of construction technology at that time. For example, during the Ming Dynasty, with the high development of the feudal economy, the construction industry also reflected a large-scale production process and a relatively scientific firing brick and tile workshop.

Therefore, the output of brick products has increased greatly, and bricks and tiles are no longer precious building materials, so the inner and outer eaves of the city wall in many places of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty are built with huge bricks. At that time, it was all manual construction and manual handling of building materials, and the city wall was built with bricks of small weight and the same size, which was not only convenient for construction, but also improved the construction efficiency and improved the construction level. Secondly, many of the gates of the pass are mostly made of blue bricks to form long-span arches, some of which have been severely weathered, but the entire city gate is still majestic, showing the superb skill of masonry arches at that time.

Judging from the architectural decoration on the castle tower of the pass, the production techniques of many stone carvings and bricks are extremely complex and fine, reflecting the ingenuity of the craftsmen at that time.

What is the internal structure of the Great Wall? 2,000 years ago, the ancients used local materials to make people admire!

This needs to be clarified, what structure?

The Great Wall is not a simple isolated city wall, but a defense system with the city wall as the main body and a large number of cities, barriers, pavilions and beacons. The Great Wall is mainly distributed in 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, including Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Henan, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang. Among them, Shaanxi Province is the province with the most abundant resources of the Great Wall in China, with a length of 1,838 kilometers.

According to the results of the national survey of the Great Wall resources of the Department of Cultural Relics and Surveying and Mapping, the total length of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty is 10,000 kilometers, and the Great Wall in the Qin and Han dynasties and early is more than 10,000 kilometers, with a total length of more than 10,000 kilometers.

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The structure of the Great Wall is a complete defense engineering system composed of various fortifications such as city walls, enemy towers, gates, fortresses, camps, guards, towns, beacons, etc. The main part of the city wall is the main part of the city wall, with an average height of 14 meters in some sections.

Related information: The Great Wall is a tall, strong, and continuous wall that is used to limit the movement of enemy cavalry. The Great Wall is not a simple isolated city wall, but a defense system with the city wall as the main body and a large number of cities, barriers, pavilions and beacons.

The Great Wall is mainly distributed in 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities such as Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Henan, Qinghai, Ningbei and Xinjiang. Among them, Shaanxi Province is the province with the most abundant resources of the Great Wall in China, with a length of 1,838 kilometers. According to the results of the national survey of the Great Wall resources of the Department of Cultural Relics and Surveying and Mapping, the total length of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty is more than 10,000 kilometers, and the total length of the Great Wall in the Qin, Han and early dynasties is more than 10,000 kilometers.

The Great Wall is a great project in ancient China, and it has different sections and construction histories of the former town, so the structure is also different. Generally speaking, the structure of the Great Wall mainly includes buildings such as city walls, city gates, beacon towers, and arrow towers. The city wall is the main structure of the Great Wall, which is usually composed of materials such as rammed earth, stones, masonry, wood, etc., and its height and thickness also vary depending on the terrain and use.

The city gate was the entrance and exit of the city wall, and some of the gates were equipped with defensive devices such as suspension bridges and iron chains. Beacons are set up to convey information and warnings, and are usually built on the top of a mountain, in a canyon, or in a dangerous place. The Arrow Tower is a fortification on the city wall where the guards can shoot and throw items.

In general, the structure of the Great Wall was built according to the military needs and topographical conditions of the time, and had a strong practical and defensive function.

The Great Wall was built as a fortification in ancient China, mainly to defend against the invasion of northern nomads. The structure of the Great Wall includes city walls, city gates, beacon towers, enemy towers, horse roads and other parts. 1.

City Wall: One of the main structures of the Great Wall, usually made of brick, stone, rammed earth and other materials, with varying heights and thicknesses, some reaching more than 10 meters high and up to 5 meters thick. There are also buildings such as arrow towers and watchtowers on the city walls for defenders to observe and shoot.

2.City gates: The entrances and exits on the Great Wall are divided into single and multiple gates, and some also have iron gates and suspension bridges.

There are also old buildings such as arrow towers and watchtowers on the city gates. 3.Beacon:

A signal tower set up on the Great Wall to transmit military information and alerts. Beacons are usually built on top of a hill or on high ground, with multiple beacons connected to form a long signal line. 4.

Enemy Towers: Defensive structures on the Great Wall, usually built on the top of a mountain or cliff, overlooking the surrounding terrain, making it easy to spot enemies and counterattack. The enemy building is inhabited by guards, which can provide sufficient logistical support.

5.Horse Road: Roads and bridges over the Great Wall for the transportation of troops and supplies.

The horse trail was sometimes used as an ambush and chase ground. In general, the structure of the Great Wall is very complex, and it is necessary to consider not only the needs of military defense, but also the functions of transportation, communication, etc. At the same time, the construction of the Great Wall also requires a lot of manpower, material resources and technical means, which is an extremely arduous brotherly project.

City Wall: The core part of the Great Wall is the city wall, which is located between the peaks of the mountains and is in the shape of a bull's back. Walls are usually made of materials such as rammed earth or stones, which are piled up and then cemented together with lime and yellow mud.

The average height of the walls is 7 to 8 meters, the width of the base is 4 to 5 meters, and the width of the top is 3 to 4 meters. 2.Castle Tower:

A castle tower is a small tower on a city wall, usually made of materials such as wood, brick, or stone. Castle towers are located at both ends of the city wall, and can be distributed in important positions on the city wall for monitoring the enemy situation and defense. Inside the towers there were usually ladders and openings to facilitate the entry and exit of soldiers.