What were the achievements of the handicraft manufacturing industry during the Spring and Autumn Per

The embroidery of the Warring States period has been very exquisite, and the embroidery of this period is all braided embroidery stitches, also known as braided embroidery, lock embroidery. The embroidery unearthed from the tomb of the Warring States Chu of the No. 1 Warring States Chu Silicon Factory in Jiangling, Hubei Province, has the phoenix, the dragon embroidery, the flying phoenix embroidery, the dragon and phoenix tiger embroidery, etc., are embroidered with the braid strands, and do not add painting and color, which marks that the embroidery process at this time has developed to a mature stage.

These embroideries are very rigorous in the structure of the pattern, have a clear geometric layout, make extensive use of flower and grass patterns, bird patterns, dragon patterns, animal patterns, and romantically combine the images of animals and plants, the technique is realistic and abstract together, interspersed with pan stacks, the embroidery image is slender and clear, and there is more white space, which reflects the important characteristics of the embroidery patterns in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. "The phoenix to the dragon embroidered shallow silk jacket" is rectangular. The surface is a light yellow silk embroidered on the phoenix and the dragon, a total of five, each pattern is dislocated and arranged, and each piece of seam is inlaid with a transverse connection tissue tapestry.

The pattern is composed of eight groups of symmetrical dragons and phoenixes.

The continuous progress of handicraft technology has promoted the development of the iron-making industry, laid the foundation of handicraft technology, and the smelting and casting technology has made great progress, and the production scale has been continuously expanding. There are countless colors, and the color of the embroidery painted in each color is different.

In the textile industry, carpentry, salt boiling industry, iron smelting industry, copper smelting industry, these industries have very obvious success, continuous progress, in the Warring States period embroidery thread has reached dozens of kinds.

Hello, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was an important period in ancient China, and the dyeing and weaving process also had its own characteristics. The following are the main characteristics of dyeing and weaving crafts of this period:1

Colorful: The dyeing and weaving handicrafts of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period used colorful pigments and dyes, which made the fabrics colorful and dazzling, and very ornamental. 2.

Avant-garde innovation: The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period dyeing and grinding cheating handicrafts are very avant-garde and bold in pattern design and process techniques. For example, a large number of geometric figures and abstract symbols are used, resulting in a unique style.

3.Complex ornamentation: The dyeing and weaving handicrafts of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are intricately decorated, the lines are scattered, and the wandering patterns on the surface of the fabric show a decorative and artistic effect.

4.Exquisite craftsmanship: the dyeing and weaving handicrafts of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the production process is exquisite, the details are meticulously handled, and people grasp the details very accurately when making fabrics.

5.Abundant materials: The dyeing and weaving crafts of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period used rich materials, such as:

Silk, linen, cotton, woollen fabrics, etc., the choice of materials also presents a characteristic of the times.

The varieties of silk fabrics in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period include yarn, Luo, silk, silk, silk, silk, Qi, brocade, embroidery, silk and so on. In addition to the geometric pattern, there are also vivid and realistic dragon and phoenix patterns. Common colors are vermilion, dark red, light yellow, earth yellow, golden yellow, dark brown, light brown, grass green, indigo, brown, black, etc.

In terms of color matching, the color matching method of similar contrast or adjacent contrast is mostly used to show that the color of the dress is bright and unified.

(1) Bronze manufacturing sector. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the carved ornaments on the bronzes tended to be meticulous and neat, and they lived in the "wanton" in the city, producing and selling at the same time. Known as the ancestor of craftsmen, the public "Luban" lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period.

In terms of bronze smelting and casting, the Spring and Autumn Period also invented new processes such as wrong gold, wrong silver, and inlaid red copper. The excavation of a large number of cast pottery models in Houma shows that the scale and level of bronze smelting and mining industry were very large and high during this period.

2) Iron and steel smelting sector. In addition to the use of block iron smelting during the Spring and Autumn Period, the advanced technology of smelting pig iron was also mastered. The use of iron tools made it possible to reclaim wasteland on a large scale, promoted the development of private land, and also provided sharp tools for handicrafts, and cattle farming became more common.

c) Minting Department. Minted metal coins were produced in the Spring and Autumn period. After the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, the vassal states already used a large amount of money. The circulation of metal money promoted the development of handicrafts and commerce.

4) Pottery firing department. Pottery has been in the Neolithic Age, continued in the Spring and Autumn Period, and developed black pottery, white pottery and other crafts.

Regarding the process of bronze carving and casting, from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, due to the progress of handicraft technology, the wrong gold and silver technology of bronze inlay developed. In the Spring and Autumn Period, especially the carving and casting of bronzes and bronze mirrors in the Warring States Period, the inlay and carving techniques are particularly common.

From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States period, the development of the handicraft industry changed from a private enterprise to a joint business between the government and the people, and a new iron-smelting industry was established.

Bronze production, the carving and decoration on bronze tend to be meticulous and neat, master the advanced technology of smelting pig iron, cast metal currency, and have made greater progress in pottery firing.

Iron smelting is a new metal smelting and casting industry in the handicraft industry, which probably arose in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and had a great development in the Warring States Period, of course, this is also a necessary condition for iron tools to be widely used in social life, and the unearthed iron tools of the Warring States Period also confirm the development of iron smelting technology.

From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period, for them, the greatest development of the handicraft industry was to improve equipment and efficiency.