During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, what was the technological progre

The development of the smelting and casting industry in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was mainly manifested in the emergence of a large number of bronze tools, the emergence and use of iron agricultural tools.

** Agricultural tools and other aspects, replaced by iron, this has begun in the Spring and Autumn Period, the main reasons are that iron tools are harder than bronze, smelting technology has improved, and iron ore is more widely distributed than copper and tin. The main reason why daily utensils were replaced by lacquerware and glazed pottery products (the Han Dynasty was the peak of the development of lacquerware). Lacquerware and glazed pottery are easier to process than bronze, and are better than bronze in terms of beauty and practicality.

Ritual ware was mainly replaced by glazed pottery, copper products, jade ware, etc., and after the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the materials of ritual ware gradually became rich and diverse.

In the late Shang period, in order to adapt to its theocratic rule, a large number of complicated sacrificial activities were required, and bronze ware existed as an important prop of sacrifice. By the Western Zhou Dynasty, the bronze and ritual music hierarchy.

Closely combined, it is endowed with the role of "honoring the noble and the lowly, not equally".

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the role of bronzes slowly began to change, because the rites collapsed at that time, so many bronzes were originally used for ghost and god sacrifices, but now there is no need for this. On the contrary, people at that time paid more attention to practicality and paid more attention to the practical functions of appliances. Therefore, at that time, bronze ware began to transfer to the people, and began to be used in many places.

And because of the progress of technology at that time, agricultural production also began to use iron tools, which greatly improved the efficiency of agricultural production, and the development of iron farming tools at that time also laid a certain foundation for the emergence of iron plough and ox ploughing, which also promoted the further growth and development of the feudal economy.

The technological progress of China's smelting and casting industry is reflected in the emergence of a large number of bronzes, from sacrificial supplies to daily necessities, there are bronzes.

During the Spring and Autumn period, people invented new agricultural tools such as iron ploughshares, iron hoes, flails, and stone grinders, which did not exist before. The bronze casting of the Spring and Autumn period is also a feature of this era, represented by the bronzes of the Zeng State, the Chu State, and the Xu State.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, productivity was greatly increased, and bronze tools were also cast, as well as new agricultural tools such as iron tools, iron hoes, and stone mills.

The productivity was greatly improved, the further development of bronze tools, the widespread use of iron tools, and the use of iron agricultural tools.

Iron gradually became the main vessel, and bronze gradually withdrew from the stage, which had a huge impact on social production.

Mainly bronze tools were gradually replaced by iron tools, and the application of new agricultural tools greatly contributed to productivity.

Iron appeared, which was a great improvement, more convenient and lighter than bronze, easy to polish, but also easy to rust.

Iron tools are widely used in the world.

Bronze technology was further developed.

the use of iron farming tools, etc.

The Han Dynasty was a peak period in the development of iron smelting technology in China. At that time, it was able to produce white pig iron, hemp pig iron, gray pig iron, white and black malleable cast iron, and even "ancient Chinese spherical graphite cast iron", which was very similar to the metallographic structure of modern ductile iron. It can be seen that the ironmaking technology of the Han Dynasty in China has reached a mature stage.

There were two types of steelmaking technology in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period: one was to heat the sponge iron directly in the red-hot charcoal for a long time, carburize the surface, and then repeatedly forge it to make it carburized steel. The steel products unearthed from the No. 44 tomb of Yanxiadu in Yixian County were made in this way.

This is the earliest steelmaking method in China. The other is to combine the sponge iron with carburizing agent and catalyst, seal and heat it, so that it is carburized into steel, commonly known as "stewed steel", which is a steelmaking method that has been circulated in China for a long time.

One is to put sponge iron (i.e., block iron) directly in red-hot charcoal for long-term heating, carburizing the surface, and then repeatedly forging to make it carburized steel. The other is to combine sponge iron with carburizing agent and catalyst, seal and heat it to carburize it into steel, commonly known as "stewed steel".

One is to heat the iron directly in the red-hot charcoal for a long time, carburize the surface, and then repeatedly forge it to make carburized steel.

The other is to combine the block ironmaking with carburizing agent and catalyst, seal and heat it, and make it carburized into steel, commonly known as "stewed steel". This is a steelmaking method that has been circulated in China for a long time.