How to identify Liaojin jade pendant? What are the characteristics of Liaojin jade?

Most of the jade ornaments of the Liao Dynasty are pendants, and the style is unique. Among them, the most representative is the jade pendant unearthed from the tomb of the princess of Liao Chenguo. Except for a few single jade pendants, generally two or more pieces of combined jade pendants connected by gold chains, which can also be regarded as group pendants.

These jade pendants are made of high-grade white jade and are of excellent material; With gold chains and jade pendants in series, noble and gorgeous. The content of the jade pendant is not only decorative, but also has the shape of tools such as scissors, knives, files and other tools related to the life of the Khitan people, showing the natural simplicity of the Khitan culture. The jade pendants of the Jin Dynasty are worth noting the carved jade pendants and the spirit turtle Fuhe pendant.

The carved jade pendant can be roughly divided into two types: fine type and coarse ore type. The fine carved jade pendant is represented by the flower and bird-shaped pendant unearthed in Harbin Xiangfang, Heilongjiang Province, and the flower branch of the bird with a ribbon on the side is worn as a sideways ribbon, the carving is exquisitely clear, the hollow is delicate and soft, the lines are euphemistic, and the style is ethereal. The rugged jade pendant is simple and uninhibited, which is quite playful.

The spirit turtle is located on the white jade carved double lotus leaf and each has a turtle, which means auspicious and magical. <>

The Liao Dynasty was a local government established by the Khitan in the Liao River valley in northeastern China. It was founded in 916 by Yelu Abaoji. Its territory controls the entire northeast and northwest parts.

The Liao Dynasty was a local government established by a relatively backward frontier ethnic group, with relatively low politics and culture, but it was adjacent to the Han nationality for a long time and was influenced by the advanced Central Plains culture, so in terms of culture and jade system, it was influenced by the Song Tang culture, and jade was no exception. The imperial court used jade, which was wider than the Tang and Song dynasties. It is stipulated that the emperor wears a jade belt, and officials above the fifth rank wear a gold and jade belt.

The jade system of the Liao Dynasty, in addition to starting from the Tang Dynasty, has its own characteristics: 1. On the use of jade, advocating white jade, especially Hetian white jade. 2. Khitan nobles gold, silver and jade are used interchangeably.

The Khitan aristocracy fused these priceless materials into one and made exquisite handicrafts, which not only reflected the craftsmanship level of the Khitan people, but also reflected the luxurious life of the Khitan nobles. , Khitan aristocratic real jade gems and Liao Dynasty jade has its own unique national style. The jade version is an important imperial jade of the Liao Dynasty, which is characterized by a fixed number of different amounts, slight differences in thickness, multiple beams without lines, and the four corners are often riveted on the grass belt with copper nails.

The Xiaosheng jade of the Liao Dynasty is dominated by animal shapes, with few plants and geometric shapes, which may be related to the fact that the Khitan was mainly a nomadic economy and had been associated with animals for a long time. <>

Liaojin jade is also milled by Han jade workers, but its subject matter is rich in border ethnic characteristics and nomadic life, with the Khitan and Jurchen life as the theme of Chunshui Pei and Yuqiu Mountain as its outstanding representatives, both have the form and spirit of the artistic attainments.

Liao is a local government established by the Khitan people in the Liao River valley in northeast China, founded by Yelu Abaoji in 916, and its territory controls the entire northeast and northwest parts.

Although Liao is a relatively backward frontier ethnic group to establish a local government, politics, culture is relatively low, but long-term with the Han people, and by the influence of the advanced Central Plains culture, so in the culture and jade system, are influenced by the Song and Tang culture, the imperial court jade is even wider than the Tang and Song dynasties, stipulating that the emperor wears a jade belt, and officials above the fifth grade wear a gold and jade belt.

This is not the Hetian jade of the Liaojin period! From the ornamental style, at a glance!

In fact, it is very simple, every historical period in China has the aesthetic taste of the time, and when it comes to jade carving, it has its typical carving techniques and ornamental characteristics. Just like the Han Dynasty people wore Tang costumes and the Liao people wore ties, unless they crossed, it was impossible.

Liaojin established the country with martial arts, fell sharply on the jade carving, portrayed the ancient clumsy, heavy spirit, did not study the details, the subject matter was mainly spring and autumn hunting, and there were many fierce beasts and fierce birds, such as lions and tigers, Haidongqing, etc.

This piece, a typical modern style, the lines are soft, the warbler is delicate, the theme is the flowers are rich and rich, the career (leaves) is successful, the joy (magpie) is on the eyebrows, there is more than peace, and the wind bones are missing.

That's why I said, antique is also about technology and knowledge, nondescript, and it can avoid my eyes.

Step 1 (1) Look at the color:

**The higher the purity of the jewelry, the darker the color. The color can be determined according to the color: dark red yellow is above 95, light red yellow is 90--95, light yellow is 80--85, blue-yellow is 65-70, the color blue with white light is only 50--60, and the yellowish and white is less than 50.

The commonly said seven green, eight yellow, and nine red can be used as a reference.

2 (2) Weight:

** The specific gravity is 19 32, which is heavier than silver, copper, lead, zinc, aluminum and other metals. Like the volume of **heavier than ** more than 40, heavier than copper 1 2 times, heavier than aluminum 6 1 times. **Jewelry will feel sinking in the hand, and fake gold jewelry will not.

This method does not apply to ** jewelry inlaid with gemstones.

3 (3) Look at the hardness:

Pure gold is soft, low hardness, shallow marks can be scratched with nails, teeth biting can leave tooth marks, high fineness will be softer, and the more copper content, the harder; Pure gold is softer and easier to bend, while the lower the purity, the less easy it is to bend.

4 (4) Listen to the sound:

When real gold with a fineness of 99 or more is thrown to the ground, it will make a horn sound, with no rhyme and no elasticity. Fake or low-color** sound is brittle and not dull, and the sound has an aftersound, and it will beat violently.

5 (5) Burn with fire:

Burn red jewelry with fire, but do not melt and deform, after cooling, observe the color change, the surface is still the original ** color, it is pure gold; If the color is darkened or darkened to varying degrees, it is not pure gold. Generally, the lower the fineness, the color will all turn black, indicating that it is fake gold jewelry.

6 (6) Look at the marking:

Domestic ** jewelry is purified and prepared according to international standards, and marked with a killing mark, such as "24k" marked "foot red" or "pure gold"; 18K gold, marked with the word "18k", the fineness is lower than LOK, according to the regulations, you can't play K gold stamp. At present, criminals in the society often use fake brands, imitation stamps, and use rare gold, sub-gold, and even brass to pass off as real gold, so the identification of ** jewelry should be determined according to the sample for comprehensive judgment to determine the authenticity and fineness.

7 (7) Inspect with vinegar.

You can use a few points of vinegar to drop on **, vinegar is acid, ** is the least active in the metal, so it will not react with **, if the reaction and release hydrogen, the surface will see bubbles generated, you can judge whether it is true or false.

end precautions.

It should be pointed out that when buying ** jewelry in jewelry stores, it is generally not allowed to carve, throw, damage the appearance, bend, test soft and hard, burn, and test acid. Therefore, it is best to buy from a large store with a high degree of integrity. It is also necessary to ask for an authoritative appraisal certificate and an official invoice.

Of course, the most reliable identification method is to send the jewelry to a special appraisal agency, using instruments for accurate scientific identification.

The method of identifying the good and bad copies of Xiuyu is as follows:

The quality of Xiuyu ornaments: due to the beautiful color, low hardness and good processing performance, the production of large jade carving seats and small and medium-sized furnishings jade is often listed as the preferred jade species.

One look at the jade: super dark green, waxy luster, strong oil luster, high transparency. The texture is dense, delicate and tough, free of cracks and impurities.

First-class green, waxy luster, oily luster, and high transparency. The texture is dense, delicate and tough, free of cracks and impurities.

Second-class yellow-green or other uniform bright colors, waxy luster, vitreous luster, slightly transparent to translucent. The texture is dense and tough, no cracks, and a small amount of impurities.

Third-class variegated or uneven color, glass luster, slightly transparent. The texture is dense and tough, without cracks and impurities.

Second, look at the volume: you can't just look at the length, width, height, and thickness, there are round body work and ** life in the local area, that is, a piece of material can only be made into one, but it is separated into two pieces, the length, width and height are the same, and the thickness has become thinner.

Xiuyan jade is named after Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County, Anshan City, Liaoning Province, and is one of the four famous jade in Chinese history. In a broad sense, there can be two categories, one is the old jade (also known as the yellow and white old jade), the seed material in the old jade is called river mill jade, which belongs to tremolite jade, its texture is simple, dignified, light yellow and white in color, and it is a precious jade. The other type is Xiuyan jasper (also known as Wagou jade) belongs to serpentine ore, its texture is solid and warm, delicate and round, mostly green to lake green, which is dark green, transparent and less flawed as treasures.

The water identification method will drop a drop of water on the jade, such as a dewdrop-like real jade that does not disperse for a long time; The droplets disappear quickly are counterfeit goods. If the hand touch method is real jade, it will feel cold and lubricated. Inspection method Orient the jade to the light, such as sunlight and light, if the color is clear and the green color is evenly distributed, it is the real jade.

Tongue licking method: The tip of the tongue licks the real jade, and there is an astringent feeling; Fake jade, on the other hand, has no astringent feeling. Magnifying glass**Put the purchased jade under the magnifying glass**, mainly whether there are cracks, those without cracks are high-quality jade, and those with cracks are secondary. Even if it is a real jade, the value of the cracks is greatly reduced, and the more cracks and the more obvious the value, the lower the value.