What are the complications of myocardial infarction?

Acute myocardial infarction has a number of complications, of which three types are the most common: cardiogenic shock, the heart is a pumping organ, when it is severely damaged, the peripheral vital organs are underperfused, and when the heart is not pumped enough, the brain, kidneys, and peripheral ** perfusion are also insufficient, there will be corresponding manifestations.

Arrhythmia, the heart is a central organ, when its function is seriously impaired, some conduction system functions are also impaired, manifested as various arrhythmias, such as tachyarrhythmia, the most common are atrial fibrillation, atrial and ventricular arrhythmia, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, often life-threatening, and various bradyarrhythmias should also be paid enough attention.

Heart failure, in which the heart's pumping function is impaired, causes severe pulmonary edema, and patients present with severe shortness of breath and even cough up pink frothy sputum.

Other complications, such as cardiac rupture, manifested by rupture of the free wall of the heart and rupture of the ventricular septum; Some ventricular aneurysms and embolic formations should be paid enough attention.

Cardiac complications manifest themselves in many ways, and must be paid enough attention to reduce the occurrence of accidents.

Myocardial infarction can involve the implantation of stents, thrombolysis, and medications. Interventional stent implantation, which is the most effective method for acute myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography should be done as soon as possible within 12 hours of the onset of myocardial infarction, the location and scope of infarction should be clarified, and a stent should be implanted at the lesion site as soon as possible, so that the occluded blood vessels can be opened and the blood supply to the myocardium can be improved, which can reduce the scope of myocardial necrosis, protect the myocardium without necrosis, and protect the heart function.

And the sooner the stent is implanted, the better.

Thrombolysis**. If intervention** is not possible, thrombolytic drugs can be used to dissolve the clot within three hours. Some patients can also achieve the effect of recanalizing the thrombus and restoring blood supply.

Thirdly, drugs**, mainly anticoagulant drugs such as nitrates, receptor blockers, antiplatelet drugs, statins and heparin. These drugs can increase the blood supply to the heart muscle and prevent complications.

Complications of acute myocardial infarction include the following:

1. Arrhythmia: It is the most common complication of acute myocardial infarction, and premature ventricular contractions occur the most. In the process of premature ventricular contractions, if no hemodynamic abnormalities are found, they are generally not treated, and only ECG monitoring, dynamic observation, and active opening of blood vessels are required.

Severe malignant arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, are actually one of the most common causes of out-of-hospital acute myocardial infarction death. In-hospital ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation also require aggressive management, requiring defibrillation, cardioversion, and aggressive medications**. Sometimes ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation are also known as electrical storms, which are important causes of mortality from acute myocardial infarction;

2. Cardiac rupture: Cardiac rupture is the most important and serious complication of acute myocardial infarction death, and 90% of patients with cardiac rupture will die;

3. Heart failure: generally caused by acute myocardial infarction, occurring in the left coronary artery. Because of the left coronary artery** left ventricle, complete blockage of the blood supply to the left ventricle may lead to massive myocardial necrosis, leading to acute pump failure;

4. Hypotensive shock: like heart failure, after left coronary artery occlusion, the left heart systolic function is significantly limited, resulting in hypotension;

5. Post-infarct syndrome and infarct pericarditis: because fibrous may be released after myocardial infarction, it will lead to pericarditis;

6. Mural thromboembolism: After myocardial infarction, the myocardium is inactive and has no systolic function, and the blood flow around the myocardium will produce vortex and produce adherent thrombosis. If the adherent thrombus breaks off and causes embolism of the distal limb, the main embolism is cerebral embolism, which may lead to hemiplegia in the future.

Uniformly includes post-myocardial infarction syndrome.

Perforated ventricular septum, which requires lifelong medication to prevent complications.

Overwork; Many myocardial infarctions are caused by overwork, especially weight-bearing climbing, staying up late for a long time or excessive physical exercise, continuous muscle tension and exertion of the whole body, which can increase the burden on the heart and increase the oxygen demand of the myocardium, but at this time, the coronary arteries of patients with coronary heart disease have been hardened and narrowed, and they cannot be expanded in time and effectively, which can cause the contradiction between myocardial blood supply and demand, causing myocardial ischemia; Therefore, severe physical load will induce plaque rupture in patients with coronary heart disease, leading to acute myocardial infarction.

Make a pig of oneself; Nowadays, there are many myocardial infarctions caused by overeating, patients in a large amount of high-fat, high-calorie food, coupled with alcohol or long-term smoking, blood lipid concentration suddenly rises, resulting in an increase in blood viscosity, platelet aggregation rate increases, on the basis of coronary artery stenosis will be delayed to form thrombosis, causing Yinmeng acute myocardial infarction frontal bridge.

Risk factors include: high blood pressure, high blood glycerides, smoking, alcohol abuse, large temperature contrast, strenuous exercise, etc.

Platelet aggregation: 90% of patients with myocardial infarction have thrombosis proximal to the artery in the infarcted area, often occurring at the rupture or ulceration of atheromatosis. Coronary atheroplaque collapse is seen in 90% to 100% of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Coronary artery spasm repeated and persistent coronary spasm can cause stagnation and blockage of blood flow in the coronary arteries and then damage the coronary intima, causing rupture, myocardial infarction, also known as myocardial infarction, due to the rapid occurrence of severe and long-lasting ischemia in part of the myocardium, myocardial death caused by hypoxia, this disease is often due to the occurrence of acute circulatory dysfunction, severe arrhythmia and other comorbidities and endanger the life of patients, so this disease is one of the common critical diseases in internal medicine.

Disease analysis: 1. Complete occlusion of coronary arteries Intra- or subintimal hemorrhage in the atheroma of the diseased blood vessels, thrombosis in the lumen or persistent spasm of the arteries, resulting in complete occlusion of the lumen.

2. Sudden drop in cardiac output Shock, dehydration, hemorrhage, severe arrhythmia or surgery cause a sudden drop in cardiac output, and coronary perfusion is seriously insufficient.

Third, the myocardial aerobic demand increases sharply When heavy physical labor, emotional agitation or blood pressure rises sharply, the left ventricular load increases dramatically, catecholamine secretion increases, and the myocardial aerobic blood demand increases.

Acute myocardial infarction can also occur in coronary artery spasm without coronary atherosclerosis, and occasionally due to coronary embolism, inflammation, and congenital malformations.

Severe arrhythmias, shock, or heart failure that occur after myocardial infarction can further reduce coronary perfusion and expand the extent of myocardial necrosis.

Suggestions: Pay attention to the prevention of arteriosclerosis. Pay attention to the diet of the high incidence season, late autumn and winter are the good seasons for myocardial infarction, in addition to keeping warm and cold, you should also eat more mild and nutritious foods with blood circulation and stasis removal function, especially various medicinal porridge is the most suitable.

The diet of patients with old myocardial infarction can be arranged according to the general diet of coronary heart disease.