A brief description of the economic, cultural, and scientific and technological achievements of the

The invention of block printing and gunpowder: China was the first country in the world to invent printing. The world's earliest surviving engraving print with an exact date is a volume of the Diamond Sutra printed in the Tang Dynasty in 868.

Books from the middle of the Tang Dynasty describe how to make gunpowder. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder began to be used in the military.

Monk and his party: The astronomer of the Tang Dynasty and his party measured the length of the meridian for the first time in the world.

Tang Materia Medica" and "Qianjin Fang": During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, ** organized the compilation of "Tang Materia Medica", which was the world's first pharmacopoeia compiled and promulgated by the state, 800 years earlier than Europe. Sun Simiao, a famous medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty, wrote "A Thousand Golden Prescriptions", and later generations called him "King of Medicine".

Zhaozhou Bridge: Li Chun, an outstanding craftsman of the Sui Dynasty, built the Zhaozhou Bridge, which is the oldest surviving stone arch bridge in the world.

Stone and General Dictionary: Liu Zhiji's Stone is the first theoretical work of historiography in China. Du You's "General Dictionary" is the first special history of China's code system.

Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi: Famous poets of the Tang Dynasty include Li Bai, Du Fu, and Bai Juyi. Li Bai lived in the Tang Dynasty and was known as a "poet immortal"; Du Fu lived in the era when the Tang Dynasty was in decline, and people called him the "Saint of Poetry", and his poems were called "History of Poetry".

Bai Juyi lived in a time when the Tang Dynasty was in decline.

Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes: Founded in the pre-Qin period, six or seven tenths of them were completed in the Sui and Tang dynasties, and are one of the world's largest art treasures.

1. Scientific achievements.

1. Agriculture: During the Sui and Tang dynasties, agriculture made great progress, in addition to planting common crops such as rice, wheat, and cotton, it also introduced plants such as sesame, beans, dates, peaches, and pears, making agricultural production more diversified. At the same time, during the Sui and Tang dynasties, agricultural irrigation techniques also appeared, such as river channel renovation and canal excavation, which made agricultural production more efficient.

2. Medicine: During the Sui and Tang dynasties, Chinese medicine made great progress, and many famous medical scientists appeared, such as Zhang Zhongjing and Hua Tuo. They have studied many diseases and methods, and have rationally classified many traditional Chinese medicines, making important contributions to the development of Chinese medicine.

3. Gunpowder: During the Sui and Tang dynasties, gunpowder also made significant progress, creating a new gunpowder - black powder, which was much stronger than the previous gunpowder, which greatly enhanced China's military strength. In addition, rockets, artillery and other rocket-launching rockets were also invented during the Sui and Tang dynasties, which further enhanced China's military strength.

4. Navigation: During the Sui and Tang dynasties, China's navigation technology also made significant progress, and many famous navigators appeared, such as Zhang Qian and Zheng He. They used compasses, compasses and other nautical instruments to lead ships through the South Seas, opened up China's best exchanges with the world, and made significant progress in China's economic development.

2. Cultural achievements.

1. Literature: During the Sui and Tang dynasties, Chinese literature made great progress, and many famous writers appeared, such as Du Fu, Liu Zongyuan, Bai Juyi, etc., whose works were deeply loved by people and made important contributions to the development of Chinese literature. In addition, some new literary forms also appeared during the Sui and Tang dynasties, such as poems and chapters, which made great progress in the development of Chinese literature.

2. Architecture: During the Sui and Tang dynasties, Chinese architecture made great progress, and many famous buildings appeared, such as the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace, which made significant progress in the development of Chinese architecture. In addition, many new construction techniques also appeared during the Sui and Tang dynasties, such as reinforced concrete, arch bridges, etc., which made significant progress in Chinese construction technology.

3. Art: During the Sui and Tang dynasties, Chinese art made great progress, and many famous artists appeared, such as Gu Kaizhi and Wu Daozi, whose works were deeply loved by people and made important contributions to the development of Chinese art. In addition, some new art forms also appeared during the Sui and Tang dynasties, such as cloisonné and porcelain, which made great progress in the development of Chinese art.

In short, during the Sui and Tang dynasties, China made significant progress in science, technology, culture and art, and made important contributions to China's social development.

The world-leading scientific and technological achievements in the Sui and Tang dynasties mainly include:

The Zhaozhou Bridge designed by Li Chun of the Sui Dynasty, the engraving printing of the Sui Dynasty, the monks measured the meridians, and the Tang Dynasty issued a new revision of materia medica.

During the Sui and Tang dynasties, China invented engraving printing, which was one of the four famous inventions in ancient China;

The Zhaozhou Bridge, designed and built by Li Chun of the Sui Dynasty, is the oldest stone arch bridge in the world;

The planning of Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, is a model in the history of urban construction in the world, which not only has a reasonable and effective layout, but also has a complete water supply, drainage and heating system, which has had a profound impact on the surrounding urban construction.

1. China has known about the construction of stone arch bridges for a long time, and the Zhaozhou Bridge built in the Sui Dynasty is the oldest existing stone arch bridge in the world.

2. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, China had invented engraving printing, and the "Diamond Sutra" printed in the late Tang Dynasty was the earliest existing engraving printing in the world.

3. Sun Simiao's book "A Thousand Golden Prescriptions" recorded more than 800 drugs and more than 5,300 medical prescriptions; For the first time, the length of the meridian was measured; The monk and his entourage first discovered the phenomenon of star movement, more than 1,000 years before Europe.

4. The pharmacopoeia "Tang Materia Medica" compiled by Tang ** organization is the world's first pharmacological monograph officially promulgated by the state.

Knowledge Expansion] Reasons for the scientific and technological achievements of the Sui and Tang dynasties:

1.During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the country was unified.

1. Strong and prosperous The transportation is developed, and the land and maritime Silk Road are relatively smooth.

2.Most of the rulers made great efforts to govern the country, and pursued a policy of lightly taxing and dissuading farmers and mulberries.

3.The various ethnic groups in China have frequent exchanges, communicate with each other, adopt more enlightened reform policies with foreign countries, and have frequent economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. At this time, China's science and technology culture developed by leaps and bounds, becoming the most advanced culture in the world at that time.

It can be explained in terms of science and technology, religion, academic thought, historiography, literature and art, education, and social life.

This article mainly introduces China's world-leading scientific and technological achievements during the Sui and Tang dynasties.

1) In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, engraving printing was invented. The Diamond Sutra, printed in 868, is the world's earliest surviving engraving print with an exact date.

2) Books from the middle of the Tang Dynasty recorded the method of making gunpowder. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder began to be used in the military.

3) The "Imperial Calendar" formulated by Liu Zhuo of the Sui Dynasty was the most advanced calendar at that time.

4) The Tang Dynasty monk and his entourage measured the meridian for the first time in the world at that time, and he was also the first scientist in the world to discover the phenomenon of star movement.

5) During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, he organized the compilation of the Tang Materia Medica, which was the world's first pharmacopoeia compiled and promulgated by the state, more than 800 years earlier than Europe.

6) The Zhaozhou Bridge, designed and built by Li Chun of the Sui Dynasty, is the oldest stone arch bridge in the world.

1. The Zhaozhou Bridge built in the Sui Dynasty is the oldest existing stone arch bridge in the world;

2. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, China had invented engraving printing, and the "Diamond Sutra" printed in the late Tang Dynasty was the earliest existing engraving printing in the world.

3. Sun Simiao, the medicine king of the Tang Dynasty, wrote "Qianjin Fang", which recorded more than 800 kinds of drugs and more than 5,300 medical prescriptions;

4. The Tang Dynasty monk and his entourage measured the length of the meridian for the first time, and he was the first person in the world to measure the length of the meridian of the earth by scientific methods; In addition, the monk and his entourage discovered the phenomenon of star movement for the first time, more than 1,000 years earlier than Europe;

5. The pharmacopoeia "Tang Materia Medica" compiled by Tang ** organization is the world's first pharmacological monograph officially promulgated by the state;

6. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder began to be used in the military, and rockets were the earliest gunpowder.

1.The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, built by Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty to open up the north and south (transportation, economy, cultural exchanges, etc.), is still the longest canal in the history of the world today, and was built by Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty on the basis of several ancient canals with a lot of manpower and financial resources. Unfortunately, several parts of the Grand Canal have been cut off.

2.Zhaozhou Bridge, built by the Sui Dynasty, is the oldest surviving stone arch bridge in the world.

3.During the Sui and Tang dynasties, China had invented engraving printing, and although movable type printing was invented in the Song Dynasty, it was still commonly used in engraving printing.

4.The curved plow was invented in agriculture.

Quyuan plough is a plough invented by Chinese working people in the Tang Dynasty. Its curvature, because of its name, is different from the straight plow. Because it was first popularized and applied in Suzhou and other places, it is also known as Jiangdong plow.

Compared with the previous plough, the curved plow has several major improvements. First of all, the straight wheel, the long wheel is changed to the curved wheel, the short wheel, and the plow disc that can rotate freely is installed at the head of the wheel, so that not only the plow frame becomes smaller and lighter, but also convenient to turn around and turn, and the operation of the Zen in the clan is flexible, saving manpower and livestock. At the time of the same Zhaochen, water conservancy projects had been widespread in the Tang Dynasty.

The Sui and Tang dynasties were the top of China's history, and there were many scientific and technological achievements that were admired by the whole world.

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