The major scientific and technological achievements of the Song Dynasty in China were:

The major scientific and technological achievements of the Song Dynasty in China are: the compass. It was applied to the navigation of the Northern Song Dynasty, and when it came to the Southern Song Dynasty, the compass was combined with the azimuth disk to form it"Compass"。

Clay movable type printing. It was invented in the 11th century by the inventor Bi Sheng of the Northern Song Dynasty. Application of gunpowder.

In the late Song Dynasty, the world's earliest primitive cannon barrel and cannon projectile were successfully developed.

Movable type printing: Bi Sheng invented movable type printing, he was the first inventor in the world, more than the German JGutenberg movable type printing dates back to about 400 years. It is a necessary prerequisite for the development of civilization.

Cannon: The history of human warfare has entered the era of hot weapons, with iron casting on the cannon body and spherical ** shells cast from pig iron. In 1126, when the Jin people besieged Bianjing, Li Gang used a thunderbolt cannon to repel the Jin soldiers when defending the city.

Drilling deep well technology: Zhuo tube well is an upright thick bamboo tube to absorb brine salt well, "digging the ground to plant bamboo, for which Zhuo tube well was invented in the Northern Song Dynasty Qingli period, more than 800 years earlier than the West. Its diameter is only the size of a bamboo tube, but it can drill wells as deep as dozens of zhang, and is known as "the fifth great invention in ancient China" and "the father of oil drilling in the world".

The scientific and technological circles have a very vivid analogy for Zhuo Tuojing: "Without Zhuo Tuojing, there would be no Gulf War."

Banknote: Jiaozi is the world's earliest banknote, issued in Chengdu in 1023 in the Northern Song Dynasty. Banknotes used in Europe were issued by the Bank of Sweden in 1661, but at that time they were issued only as a stopgap measure, not as real currency.

Watertight bulkheads: Warships in the Song Dynasty have generally adopted watertight bulkhead technology to improve unsinkability. It can protect the ship from sinking due to flooding, and it is still an important structural form in ship design. The discovery of Nanhai 1 proves that China was the first country to invent this technology.

The compass, the widespread use of gunpowder, the invention of movable type printing.

Compass, cotton textile technology, widespread use of gunpowder, movable type printing.

1. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, the world's leading scientific and technological achievements were:

1. Bi Sheng of the Northern Song Dynasty invented movable type printing. Four hundred years earlier than Europe.

2. Breakthroughs have been made in compass and gunpowder, and they are widely used in the navigation industry and military.

3. Shen Kuoruo of the Northern Song Dynasty has a book "Mengxi Writings", which describes many ancient scientific and technological achievements.

4. Guo Shoujing compiled the "Calendar of Time", and the cycle of one year is the same as that of the current Gregorian calendar, 300 years earlier than the current Gregorian calendar.

2. Movable type printing.

During the Qingli period of the Northern Song Dynasty, Buyi Bisheng invented movable type printing on the basis of engraving printing. The original genuine engraving is changed to the single word of clay engraving and firing, and then typesetting and printing, which saves labor and effort, and the cost is low, which greatly improves the printing efficiency, so it is promoted quickly. Movable type printing is a major contribution of our people to world civilization.

It was not until 400 years later that movable type printing began to be used in Europe.

3. Compared with engraving printing, the advantages of movable type printing.

Engraving printing is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and most books often take several years, and the storage of plates takes up a lot of space, and they are often damaged by deformation, moth-eaten and corrosion. Books with small prints that do not need to be reprinted, the plates are useless. In addition, typos are found in the engraving, which is very difficult to correct, and often requires the entire plate to be re-engraved.

Movable type plate making just avoids the lack of engraving, as long as enough single movable type is prepared in advance, it can be imposed at any time, which greatly accelerates the plate making time. After the movable type plate is printed, it can be disassembled, the movable type can be reused, and the movable type occupies less space than the engraving plate, which is easy to store and keep. In this way, the superiority of movable type is manifested.

In the Song Dynasty, under the promotion of the whole social economy and culture, science and technology have made great progress, and the scientific and technological achievements of the two Song Dynasty have not only become a peak in the history of ancient Chinese science and technology, but also in a leading position in the world at that time, and the four major inventions of China that promoted the development of human civilization have been improved and applied in the Song Dynasty. When mentioning the science and technology of the Two Song Dynasty, people often mention Shen Kuo and his "Mengxi Writings". For example, Dr. Joseph Needham praised Shen Kuo as "the most outstanding figure in the entire history of Chinese science", and his "Mengxi Writings" is "the coordinates in the history of Chinese science".

140] [141] There are also many achievements in other aspects, such as medicine, which was divided into nine departments from the previous three departments, and the world's earliest forensic science work, "Records of Clearing Grievances", appeared. Acupuncture has developed a lot. The drugs collected in the "Historical Evidence of Emergency Materia Medica" are 476 more than those in the "Tang Materia Medica".

The most representative of the Song Dynasty's calendar is the "Tongtian Calendar" promulgated in the fourth year of Ningzong Qingyuan. The calendar was created by Yang Zhongfu. It differs only 26 seconds from modern measurements, the same as the current Gregorian calendar, and 383 years before the promulgation of the Western Gregorian calendar.

However, due to speculation about solar eclipses and other unsatisfactory tests, the "Tongtian Calendar" was only used until the third year of the opening of the Jubilee. In the same year, the "Kaixi Calendar" was created to replace the Tongtian calendar, which was used for 45 years.

The above is the scientific and technological achievements of the Song Dynasty, thank you.

The scientific and technological achievements of the Song Dynasty include the compass, printing, and gunpowder. Three of the world-famous four great inventions of ancient China were scientific and technological achievements of the Song Dynasty, such as Shen Kuo's compass, Bi Sheng's printing, and Tang Fu and Shi Pu's invention of gunpowder.

The world-leading scientific and technological achievements of the Song Dynasty are:

1. Movable type printing, 400 years earlier than in Europe.

2. "Dream Creek Writings", which is the world's earliest scientific encyclopedia.

3. Astronomy, the Song Dynasty was ahead of the curve in astronomical observation, and the Northern Song Dynasty carried out five large-scale star position observations, and also determined the positions of 28 constellations.

4. Develop gunpowder and use it practically.

5. The invention of the compass has played a major role in promoting the development of navigation.

The scientific and technological achievements of the Northern Song Dynasty include:

1. Gunpowder: It was gradually used in warfare, causing a great change in military science and technology.

2. Compass: often used in navigation, geodesy, travel and military.

3. Movable type printing: Bi Sheng invented movable type printing, four hundred years earlier than Europe.

4. Copper smelting: Zhang Qian's book "Essentials of Copper Immersion" marks that China is the first country in the world to use chemical methods to smelt copper.

5. Steelmaking: Coal has been widely used to make iron.

6. Oil: Shen Kuo discovered and utilized oil for the first time.

7. Scientific and technological treatises: The Northern Song Dynasty scientist Shen Kuo's "Mengxi Writings" summarized many scientific and technological achievements in ancient times, mainly in the Northern Song Dynasty.

8. Astronomical calendar: The "12 solar calendars" that completely unify the 24 solar terms and 12 months of the four seasons are more simple and conducive to agricultural arrangements.

9. Medicine: Many revised medical classics and new medical achievements have been published.

10. Mathematics: Stacking originated from the "gap accumulation technique" pioneered by Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty.

11. Architecture: "Constructing the French Style" compiled by Li Jie in the late Northern Song Dynasty is an outstanding work in the history of architecture.

<>1. Tang Dynasty: Astronomers and monks measured the length of the meridian for the first time in the world.

Medicine King Sun Simiao's "Thousand Golden Prescriptions".

It is a rare medical book.

In 868 A.D., the Chinese Diamond Sutra

It is the earliest known engraving printing in the world.

The papermaking, textile and other technologies of Zhongkai held the imperial country through the Arab region and spread to West Asia and Europe.

Quyuan plough is a plough invented by the working people of the Han nationality in the Tang Dynasty.

2. Song Dynasty: compass, applied with the Northern Song Dynasty navigation, to the Southern Song Dynasty.

The compass is combined with the azimuth disc to form a compass.

Clay movable type printing. It was invented in the 11th century by the inventor Bi Sheng of the Northern Song Dynasty.

In the late Song Dynasty, the world's earliest primitive cannon barrel and cannon projectile were successfully developed.

Mengxi Pen Talk was written by Shen Kuo of the Northern Song Dynasty and is a precious heritage in the history of China's scientific development.

The Southern Song Dynasty saw the emergence of assault muskets and tubular firearms, which opened a new stage in the history of human warfare.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, gunpowder was widely used in the military, and Tokyo set up a wide preparation siege to manufacture gunpowder and firearms. Song Renzong.

The "General Essentials of the Martial Arts" written by the time

There are many examples of how firearms were made.

1. The compass is used in the navigation of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the compass is combined with the azimuth disk in the Southern Song Dynasty, the compass is also known as Sinan, the main component is a magnetic needle mounted on the shaft, the magnetic needle can rotate freely and remain in the tangent direction of the magnetic meridian under the action of the key segment of the natural bending geomagnetic field, and the north pole of the magnetic needle points to the north pole of geography, and the direction can be identified by using this performance.

2. Buried alive to talk about word printing, invented by the inventor Bi Shengyu of the Northern Song Dynasty, is to first make a single word of the Yangwen anti-text mold, and then according to the manuscript to pick out the single word, arrange it in the word plate, ink printing, and then remove the word mold after printing, and leave it for the next typesetting to be used again.

3. The application of gunpowder, the world's earliest primitive cannon barrel and cannon projectile was successfully developed in the late Song Dynasty.

The outstanding achievements of the Song Dynasty in science and technology are as follows:

1.Farming is slowing down the industry

During the Song Dynasty, agricultural production technology continued to develop, and the output of grain and cotton and other crops produced by farmers was greatly increased. Among them, the rice yield in Jiangnan became the highest in the world at that time. At the same time, the progress of agricultural production technology has also promoted the improvement of peasants' production and living standards.

2.Hydraulic engineering

During the Song Dynasty, water conservancy projects were vigorously developed, and large-scale water conservancy projects were fully developed and utilized. The construction of water conservancy projects in the south of the Yangtze River includes the Yangtze River water system, the excavation of the West Lake in Hangzhou, and the construction of the Stone Town in Nanjing. The construction of these projects has provided more irrigation water sources in the Jiangnan region, improved the efficiency of agricultural production, and provided convenience for transportation.

3.Papermaking aspects

During the Song Dynasty, papermaking was greatly developed, which played an important role in the inheritance and development of ancient Chinese culture and civilization. During the Song Dynasty, papermaking technology continued to improve and develop, providing important support for the development of calligraphy, painting, printing, literature, etc.

4.Casting disturbs the technical aspect

During the Song Dynasty, casting technology was greatly improved, and exquisite bronze, iron, gold, jade and other handicrafts appeared. Especially in terms of bronze casting, the casting technology of the Song Dynasty reached an unprecedented peak in the history of ancient China, which is known as the "heyday of bronze carving".

5.Ship technology

During the Qingque period of the Song Dynasty, ship technology was greatly developed, which was closely related to the geographical environment and economic development of the Song Dynasty. The ship technology of the Song Dynasty included shipbuilding, navigation technology, wharves, locks and other aspects, and many ship technologies were also introduced overseas, which had an impact on the development of ship technology in the world.

6.Gunpowder technology

During the Song Dynasty, gunpowder technology was greatly developed, which was a great invention of ancient Chinese science and technology. In the Song Dynasty, gunpowder has been widely used in military and civilian use, such as in the manufacture of artillery, arrows, fireworks, etc. The progress of gunpowder technology has promoted the transformation of the mode of warfare and has also had an important impact on the development of military technology in the world.

7.Astronomical aspects

During the Song Dynasty, the development of astronomy in China ushered in a new peak. Through long-term observation and research, scientists in the Song Dynasty mastered a lot of astronomical knowledge and invented some sophisticated astronomical instruments, such as astrolabes, armillary spheres, and sextants. In the Song Dynasty, astronomy became an independent discipline, and the research results of astronomers on the laws of celestial bodies also provided great reference for future astronomical research.