The classification of car doors, what are the structures of car doors

Doors can be divided into the following according to the way they are opened:

Swing-open doors: They can be closed by the pressure of the air flow even when the car is moving, which is relatively safe and convenient for the driver to look backwards when reversing, so it is widely used.

Reversible doors: If the car is not closed tightly, it may be swept open by the oncoming airflow, so it is rarely used, and is generally only used to improve the convenience of getting on and off the car and is suitable for the needs of welcome etiquette.

Horizontally moving doors: It has the advantage that the sidewalls of the car can be fully opened even if the distance between the body wall and the obstacle is small.

Lift-up doors: widely used as the rear doors of cars and light buses, and also used in low-profile cars.

Folding doors: It is widely used in large and medium-sized buses.

The door of a sedan is generally composed of three parts: the door body, the door attachment and the interior cover.

The door body comprises the inner door panel, the outer door panel, the door window frame, the door reinforcement cross member and the door reinforcement plate.

Door accessories include door hinges, door opening limiters, door locking mechanisms and internal and external handles, door glass, glass lifts, and sealing strips.

The interior cover includes a fixed plate, a core board, an interior skin, and an inner armrest.

Doors can be divided into the following types according to their production process:

Split door: by the door frame assembly and the door inner and outer plate assembly tailored welding, the door frame assembly can be produced by rolling method, the cost is lower, the productivity is higher, the overall corresponding mold cost is lower, but the cost of the later inspection fixture fixture is higher, and the process reliability is poor.

The difference between the integral door and the split door in terms of overall cost is not very large, mainly according to the relevant modeling requirements to determine the relevant structural form. Due to the high requirements of automobile styling and high production efficiency, the overall structure of the door tends to be split.

According to the way the door is opened, it can be divided into 8 types.

1. Straight open.

Direct-opening doors are the most widely used and practical way to open doors today. It is rotated and opened with the front end of the door as the center of the circle. It conforms to people's actual living habits, and has a large access space, and passengers are more convenient and free to enter and exit the vehicle, but it is not individual.

Second, gullwing type.

Gullwing doors, which can be said to be a milestone in door design, appeared for the first time to break the stereotype of the same straight-opening doors, and set up two thick parallel beams on the left and right sides of the chassis, resulting in the inability to install conventional doors, in desperation, the chief designer Rudolph.

Williamhard came up with the idea of opening the door upwards called the gullwing door. Later generations made many improvements to the gull-wing door to form many different styles, which are mainly divided into two types: straight gull-wing and oblique gull-wing. 3. Scissors.

Also known as guillotine, it is a Lamborghini.

In 1974 the Gullwing Door was improved to create a new way of opening the door. The scissor door rotates vertically upwards along the front of the door, which is very different from the slanted gullwing door, which is also one of the things that Lamborghini is most proud of. Because the doors are vertically up and down, they not only have the same aesthetic as the gullwing, but also save space on the left and right sides of the vehicle, and avoid the possibility of bumps when the doors open outward.

It allows passengers to come and go freely in and out of the narrow parking space. However, the strength is poor and the space is small. Fourth

Suicide is the least aggressive way to open the door. Fifth, the turnstile.

This is a new type of peculiar way to open the door, it is Koenigsegg.

A unique design that has been incorporated into its range of models. Very novel. Revolving door.

With the A-pillar point as the axis, a series of unique door opening actions are realized - abduction, rotation, and forward push. The abduction is small, saving space on both sides. 6. Sliding type.

Sliding doors do not need to be hinged.

The doors are opened and closed by rolling wheels on the rails. 7. Sliding door.

In order to facilitate getting on and off the car, it is slightly more convenient to open the door like this, but it is not suitable for large-scale use, and the man-machine aspect has not changed, and the cost is high. 8. Fully hidden.

This is more convenient than the front and rear folio type, but when getting on and off the car to open the door, there are many uncertain factors that affect the opening of the door, in ergonomics.

There has been no breakthrough in the area.

The body refers to the part of the vehicle that is used to carry people and goods, and also refers to the vehicle as a whole. The body of some vehicles is both the driver's workplace and the place to accommodate passengers and goods.

The body includes windows, doors, cockpit, passenger compartment, engine compartment and luggage compartment, among others.

The shape of the body is divided into van type, fish type, boat type, streamline type and wedge type, and the structural form is divided into single box, hatchback and sedan type. The body shape structure is the body language of the vehicle, and its design will directly affect the performance of the vehicle.

1. Door outer panel: the thin steel plate is stamped and formed;

2. Door reinforcing beam: that is, the door anti-collision beam, which has a closed round pipe section and a high-strength steel plate stamping form;

3. Door inner plate: an important support plate is also the installation body of the door accessories, and the thick thin steel plate is generally used. It has the following characteristics:

It is necessary to stretch out the deeper perimeter to form the door thickness;

Convex and concave tables of various shapes need to be stamped out on the board surface for the installation of accessory mechanisms;

Stamping out a variety of stiffeners to improve rigidity and reduce vibration and noise.

4. Door reinforcing plate: set up for partial reinforcement of the door body.

The part where the door accessory mechanism is installed on the inner plate surface improves the stiffness and connection strength of the installation part;

Thick reinforcing plates are arranged at the hinge of the door body, the opening limiter and the door lock, etc., and are welded with the inner plate of the door;

The reinforcing plate is set at the inner and outer window sill of the door, and the fixed installation structure of the cross-sectional form and sealing strip should be considered.

5. Door and window frames: most of them are stamped or rolled by thin steel plates. Key points to consider in the cross-section of the window frame structure:

Proper fit with the side wall door frame of the body;

Good sealing performance, layout and installation structure of sealing strip and glass guide trough;

Meet the requirements of glass lifting;

the stiffness of the window frame itself, which has a greater impact on the sealing;

The connection structure between the window frame and the inner and outer panels.