When did the well appear? How did the ancients dig wells?

Ancient Chinese "wells" appeared in the Neolithic period, about 5,000 to 6,000 years ago. During this period, the ancient Chinese began to grow crops and livestock, which required reliable water sources. To meet this need, they developed technology to dig wells to obtain groundwater.

Ancient Chinese dug wells with simple tools such as hoes, shovels, and barrels made of pottery or woven bamboo baskets. They start digging a hole in the ground and gradually expand until they reach the water table. Once the well was deep enough, they built the wall with bricks or stones to prevent it from collapsing.

Some wells are also equipped with lifting mechanisms, such as pulleys and bucket systems, to bring water to the surface.

Over time, well digging techniques improved, and the ancient Chinese were able to dig deeper and more efficiently. This has given them access to water even in arid areas, thus expanding the development of agriculture and urban settlements.

In conclusion, ancient wells in China appeared in the Neolithic period, about 5,000 to 6,000 years ago. They used simple tools to drill wells and gradually improved their techniques over time. The ability to access groundwater was essential for the development of agriculture and urban settlements in ancient China.

The well appeared in the first century B.C., and the ancients made a smooth pulley to lower and bring the well directly down and up by skill.

It appeared in the Qin Dynasty, and the ancients used the pulley principle to put the bucket down next to the well, and then lifted it after the water was entered.

It probably began to appear in the Ming Dynasty, when they would tie the bucket with a rope and then put the bucket under it before fishing it out.

To sum up, our country has a very long history in digging wells, and the tools are simple and rudimentary, but it can still bring up the water from the ground, which is enough to see the diligence and wisdom of the ancients.

In ancient times, the circle was chosen when drilling wells, because the circle is the most stable shape of the structure, and Wu Ziqin can avoid the danger of the wall collapse to the greatest extent. In addition, the rounded wellhead is also easier to cover, avoiding the possibility of contamination and other hazards.

When drilling wells, the use of circular borehole can provide uniform support force, and avoid the situation that the borehole wall collapses due to excessive local force on the borehole wall. In addition, the circular wellhead also makes it easier to fix the wellhead covering, such as the wellhead cover plate, wellhead railing, etc., so as to ensure the safety of people.

Therefore, the choice of the round shape when drilling wells in ancient times is based on practical experience and the reason of the structure mechanics of the bundle, which can ensure the safety and stability of the well to the greatest extent.

1. If you dig your own well, you can see that a lot of water suddenly comes out, and it is endless, that is, the water is out.

2. If the machine drills a well, when drilling the well, the mud will come out of the well pipe, if there is water below, the mud will decrease, the water will increase, and sometimes it will become muddy water, indicating that the water has been hit, if there has been more mud, it means that the water has not been hit, only to live and play, it is difficult to hit the machine, and then decide whether to change a place. Wells, engineering structures mainly used to extract groundwater. It can be vertical, oblique and a combination of different directions, but it is generally vertical, which can be used for domestic water intake, irrigation, and can also be used to hide or store some things.

1. Site selection: Before digging a well, choose a place with dense mugwort bushes. The well-driller did not know how deep the groundwater was from the ground before digging the well, and relied on the mugwort on the ground as a guide. But the depth of the well is generally more than three zhang.

2. Digging: The ancients used to dig wells in the tool called the butterfly cone, the head of the cone is shaped like the current ice rake, and there are two mud buckets shaped like butterfly wings in the upper part, and the cone head also brings the sediment to the mud bucket while drilling, and pulls out the ground for cleaning after it is full.

3. Manufacturing well beam: The material of well tree is generally larch plate, and there is no larch to take miscellaneous wood. The well rod is hexagonal, and the well rod has a reasonable structure and strong supporting force.

The carpenter saws the selected wood into thick planks, carves the mortise and tenon at both ends of the board, commonly known as the male tenon, and then buckles the plank one by one according to the mortise and tenon.

4. Lower well radial: Because most of the wells on the plain are soil layers, and the wells are relatively deep, they are easy to collapse when soaked in water, so they should be lowered at the same time as the wells are drilled. Where conditions permit, the surface water is shallow, and temporary wells are also built with stones and bricks.

5. Soil extraction: In addition, it is necessary to equip several laborers to do hard work. Under the command of the wellsmith, the carpenters filled the mud bucket with mud, and then vigorously proposed to clean it, and at the same time, the carpenter lowered the well radial layer by layer into the well on the ground, and then tamped the well radial with a heavy hammer.

And so on until the well comes out of the water.

Dig a shaft directly and put a platform on top of it.

See if there is an underground flow in the ground, and then dig a well to get water.

"Eight treasures" is the place name left by the Zhuang people in the karst area to find water. Babao Township, Guangnan County, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, is the production area of fine rice-Babao rice. This place name, it seems to be the Chinese eight treasures, is actually Zhuang, "eight" is the mouth, "treasure" is the well, which means the mouth of the well.

The local area is a karst area, it is difficult to find water, because the ancients found that there is an underground flow underground, dig a well to get water, and then build a house and live by the mouth of the well, cultivate and eat, hence the name. Because of the discovery of a water source, people cultivated high-quality rice "Babao Rice" in rice cultivation.

Strange to say, the area of the place where this kind of rice can be produced is not large, just like the shading rice, Jianshui grass sprouts, Shiping tofu, Anning hot spring tofu and the like, which are related to the water quality, mineral content in the water, pH value, etc. The specific geographical environment creates specific agricultural products and special industries, which is one of the topics worthy of research by relevant experts and industry developers.

Chinese folk have long been accustomed to using circular tube wells. The diameter is mostly 1 2 meters, and the depth is generally from a few meters to 20 30 meters. During construction, people can go directly into the wellbore to excavate soil and rock. Such wells are only suitable for the extraction of shallow groundwater.

For the exploitation of deep groundwater, tube wells with a small diameter (a few centimeters to tens of centimeters) and a considerable depth (tens of meters to several hundred meters) were developed. Drilling tube wells requires specialized drilling machinery and more complex processes. As early as 250 B.C., in present-day Sichuan Province, China, a large number of wells with a depth of tens or even hundreds of meters were dug in the hard rock to mine underground brine for boiling salt.

After drilling a well to reveal a confined aquifer containing brine, groundwater often flows out of the well on its own, and such wells are called artesian wells. This is where the place name of Ziliujing (present-day Zigong City) in Sichuan Province, China, is derived.

Adapting to different formation conditions, inclined wells and horizontal wells were developed. In order to increase the amount of water produced by the well, radiant wells that combined a horizontal water filter pipe with a vertical wellbore were later developed.

The diameter of the main wellbore of this kind of well can reach several meters, and the horizontal water filter pipe is tens of meters to more than 100 meters long, which is suitable for mining loose or semi-cemented aquifers with shallow burial and small thickness, and can also be used to intercept the undercurrent under the riverbank and riverbed.

Looking for a feng shui gentleman, calculating or divination, the water yield is very low.

The location and direction of rural household wells and the amount of water produced.

In ancient times, it was generally used to carry out the way of carrying a bucket, but it is not necessarily the case, some areas use a bamboo tube made of a structure similar to the current syringe to draw water, such as from the salt well borehole, generally open an opening at the bottom of the bamboo tube, and use one of the buckets with a similar inner diameter to pump water. Later, it developed into a communicator nature, a kill well. Refer to the follow-up question.

Tie the bucket with a rope and use the bucket to draw water.