What is the earliest scientific work on agriculture in our country

The earliest work on agricultural science in the history of our country is the Book of Pan Sheng, the author of Pan Shengzhi, the year of birth and death is unknown, about the end of the Western Han Dynasty in the first century BC. Pan Shengzhi is a native of Fan Shui (now north of Cao County, Shandong), a famous ancient agronomist. The book describes in detail the basic principles of farming, the selection of sowing dates, crop cultivation techniques, the method of adjusting the water temperature of paddy fields, and the method of district fields.

Tiangong Kaiwu is the world's first comprehensive work on agriculture and handicraft production, is a comprehensive scientific and technological work in ancient China, some people also call it an encyclopedic work, the author is the Ming Dynasty scientist Song Yingxing. Foreign scholars call it "the encyclopedia of Chinese craftsmanship in the 17th century".

Tiangong Kaiwu was first published by Song Yingxing in 1637 (Ding Chou in the tenth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty), with a total of three volumes and eighteen articles, the whole book includes agriculture, handicrafts, such as machinery, bricks, ceramics, sulfur, candles, paper, weapons, gunpowder, textiles, dyeing, salt making, coal mining, oil extraction and other production technologies.

The book is divided into three volumes, 18 chapters. It is accompanied by 123 illustrations depicting the names, shapes, and processes of more than 130 production technologies and tools. The title of the book is taken from "Shangshu Gao Taomo" "Heavenly Workers Replace It" and "Yi Ji Ci" "Open Things into Affairs", and the author says that "Cover people skillfully cause foreign objects" ("Hardware").

The whole book is divided into "Nailiang" (grain), "Naifu" (textile), "Zhangshi" (dyeing), "Essence" (grain processing), "Salty" (salt), "Ganzhi" (sugar), "Paste" (edible oil), "Taoyun" (ceramics), "Smelting and Casting", "Boat and Car", "Hammering", "Burnt Stone" (coal and stone firing), "Finishing Stone" (papermaking), "Hardware", "Jiabing" (weapons), "Danqing" (mineral pigment), "Qu tiller" (koji) and "Jewel". [4]

The book describes in detail the types, origins, production technologies and technological equipment of various crops and handicraft raw materials, as well as some production organization experience. The first volume records the cultivation and processing methods of cereals, beans and hemp, the weaving and dyeing techniques of silk, cotton ramie, and the processes of salt and sugar production. The contents of the middle volume include the production of bricks and ceramics, the construction of vehicles and ships, the casting and forging of metals, the mining and firing of coal, lime, sulfur and alum, as well as oil extraction and papermaking methods.

The second volume deals with the mining and smelting of metal minerals, the manufacture of weapons, the production of pigments and koji, and the collection and processing of pearls and jade.

Tiangong Kaiwu scattered the ancient Chinese physical knowledge, such as water lifting tools (cylinder cars, water beaches, windmills), rudders, steel filling, mud casting kettles, lost wax casting, coal mine gas removal methods, salt shafts in the halide absorber (pump), melting, extraction methods, etc., there are many mechanics, heat and other physical knowledge. In the chapter "Hardware", it is clearly stated that zinc is a new metal, and its smelting method is recorded for the first time.

Tiangong Kaiwu recorded the case of farmers cultivating new varieties of rice and barley, studied the influence of soil, climate and cultivation methods on the change of crop varieties, and noticed the mutation caused by the hybridization of different varieties of silkworm moths, indicating that through human efforts, the characteristics of animals and plants can be changed, and the scientific insight that "the soil veins vary from time to time, and the species are divided with water and soil".

The earliest scientific works on agriculture in the history of our country are:"The Book of Victory".

The Book of Pan Sheng is an agricultural work recorded by the collection of Pan Sheng in the late Western Han Dynasty, and is generally considered to be the earliest surviving agricultural book in China. The book of Han Shu Art and Literature is recorded as "Eighteen Chapters of "The Book of Victory", which is the common name of later generations. "The Book of Victory" and "Qi Min's Technique".

The Book of Agriculture", "The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration".

It is one of the four great agricultural books in ancient China.

About the Author. 氾胜之 (Fan Sheng Zhi), born and died in an unknown year, lived around the end of the Western Han Dynasty in the 1st century BC. Pan Shengzhi is a native of Fan Shui (now north of Cao County, Shandong), a famous ancient agronomist.

The Book of Pan Sheng is an important agricultural work compiled in the late Western Han Dynasty. The book compiles agricultural production knowledge such as farming principles, crop cultivation techniques and seed breeding in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, reflecting the great creations of the working people at that time.

The earliest work on agricultural science is the Book of Victory, which is an important agricultural work in the late Western Han Dynasty. The Book of Victory, Qi Min's Technique, the Book of Agriculture, and the Complete Book of Agricultural Administration are the four major agricultural books in ancient China.