What kind of instrument did Zhang Heng make in the Eastern Han Dynasty?

Zhang Heng (78-139), the character Pingzi. Han nationality, Nanyang Xi'e (now Nanyang Shiqiao Town, Henan), one of the five sages of Nanyang, Sima Xiangru, Yangxiong, Ban Gu called the four masters of Han Fu. He was a great astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, and writer of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

He died of illness at the age of 62. During the Northern Song Dynasty, it was renamed Western Hubei. **Yi is the masterpiece of the Eastern Han Dynasty scientist Zhang Heng.

During Zhang Heng's Eastern Han Dynasty, ** occurred frequently.

<> Zhang Heng has a lot of personal experience of **, in order to grasp the ** dynamics of the country, after years of research, he finally invented the Hou Feng ** instrument in the first year of Yangjia (132 AD), which is also the world's first ** instrument. The instrument has eight directions, each with a dragon ball in its mouth and a toad underneath each dragon ball. If ** occurs on both sides, the dragon balls contained in the dragon's mouth in that direction will fall into the toad's mouth, so that the direction of ** can be measured.

In astronomy, Zhang Heng wrote "Lingxian" and "Notes on the Armillary Sphere". In mathematics, Zhang Heng wrote "Guan Wen Theory", and his literary works are represented by "Erjing Fu" and "Guitian Fu". "The Book of Sui - The Book of Classics has 14 volumes of "Zhang Hengji", which has long been lost.

The "Collection of Monk Zhang" compiled by Zhang Pu was included in the "One Hundred and Three Seasons of the Six Dynasties of the Han and Wei Dynasties". Zhang Heng made outstanding contributions to the development of astronomy, mechanical technology and science in China, invented the armillary sphere and the armillary sphere, and was one of the representatives of the armillary theory in the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was called by later generations"Wood Saint"For his outstanding contributions, the United Nations Astronomical Organization named the far part of the Moon"Zhangheng Crater", naming 1,802 asteroids in the solar system"Zhang Hengxing"。

In order to commemorate him, the descendants established the Zhang Heng Museum in Nanyang.

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In 132 B.C., Zhang Heng invented the earliest geodynamic instrument, known as the wind geodynamic instrument, it has eight directions, each direction has a dragon with copper beads, each dragon has a toad corresponding to it, if which direction occurs **, then the copper beads contained in the dragon's mouth in the direction will fall into the toad's mouth. The wind and ground motion instrument is the originator of the world's most advanced instrument, surpassing the world's scientific and technological development about 1800 years ago.

I know that it is the ** instrument, this instrument was invented for the purpose of predicting **, and this can be said to be the first in the world to be manufactured at that time.

Zhang Heng in the Eastern Han Dynasty made a geodynamic instrument, and the role of the geokinetic instrument was ****.

Zhang Heng invented the guide car, the geodynamic instrument, the Rui wheel pod, the armillary sphere, the guide car, etc., these things have great significance for the research of scientists in the future, he is a great scientist and inventor.

He invented the geokinetic instrument and was also a great astronomer, inventor, and writer. And there are also many masterpieces, such as "Lingxian", "Four Sorrowful Poems" and so on.

Geokinetic instrument, multi-pole leakage, Ruilun, armillary sphere, these things were all invented by Zhang Heng. And it is most famous for its geodynamic instrument. The geodynamic instrument invented by Zhang Heng has played a great role in detecting **, but the geodynamic instrument was destroyed a long time ago, so the geodynamic instrument seen now is restored by later generations, and it cannot achieve the previous effect.

Zhang Heng, whose name is Pingzi, was a native of Nanyang Xi'e (now Shiqiao Town, Nanyang City, Henan), a great astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, writer and scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty of China. The main achievements have created a precedent for astronomical and geographical research in China, and his representative works include "Lingxian", "Geodynamic Instrument", "Four Sorrowful Poems" and so on. He died in 139 A.D.

In order to commemorate Zhang Heng's exploits, people named a crater on the far side of the moon "Zhang Heng Crater", and the asteroid 1802 was named "Zhang Heng Star". Later generations called Zhang Heng "Kesheng".

Zhang Heng used the mechanical technology at that time to skillfully link the pot leakage used to measure time with the muddy image, that is, to take the leakage as the driving force, and use the isochronism of the leaky pot, and use the gear system to combine the muddy image with the pot leakage that represents the time, and drive the gear with the force of flowing water to drive the muddy elephant to rotate around the axis evenly every day through the rotation of the gear, so as to reach the level that can automatically synchronize with the earth, and naturally demonstrate the celestial phenomenon.

The waterborne armillary sphere has great scientific value in ancient Chinese astronomy, and it is the world's earliest armillary sphere that uses water power to rotate. It occupies an important position in the history of astronomical instruments and has a great influence on China's later astronomical instruments. Since the Tang and Song dynasties, it has been improved on the basis of it, and has developed into more complex celestial performance instruments and the world's earliest astronomical clock.

The geokinetic instrument was the world's first observation instrument, made in 132 AD. Zhang Heng placed it on the Lingtai in Luoyang, together with astronomical instruments such as armillary phenomena, armillary spheres, gui watches, and carved leaks, for astronomical observation.

The Book of the Later Han Dynasty: The Biography of Zhang Heng records the manufacture of the wind and ground motion instrument, as well as its shape, structure and function.

The weather weather instrument is made of bronze, with a diameter of 8 feet, a height of about 11 feet 5 inches, and a raised lid on the top that can be opened and closed, which looks like a wine jar. Around the ground motion instrument according to the eight directions attached to the eight hanging dragons, eight dragons in the mouth of each copper bead, and set up eight copper toads on the ground with open mouths, corresponding to the head of the dragon up and down, the wind and ground motion instrument using the principle of inertia, in the instrument **, there is a "column", that is, the inverted inertial oscillation. There are eight slides around the capital column, and the slides are equipped with eight groups of "tooth machines", that is, transmission levers, the outer end of which is in the shape of a curved ruler, and the pivot is worn, and the outside of the instrument is connected with the upper jaw of the faucet.

Once a strong ** occurs, the "Duzhu" loses balance due to vibration and touches one of the "eight paths", causing the copper ball in the corresponding dragon's mouth to lose control and fall into the toad's mouth, making a sound to give an alarm. Observers can know the direction and time of occurrence according to the "oscillating agitation" of the copper ball.

The sensitivity of the weather weather ground motion instrument is very high, and the lowest measurable intensity is about three degrees. According to records, it has received the epicenter in Longxi, but Luoyang people have not felt the situation, created the history of human use of scientific instruments to observe, and accumulated a lot of knowledge and experience of earthquake prevention and earthquake resistance for future generations.

Zhang Heng's wind and ground motion instrument was the world's leading great invention at that time, and its basic structure was in line with the principles of physics, more than 1,700 years earlier than Europe.

1.Geodynamic instrument: In 132 A.D. (the first year of Yangjia), Zhang Heng invented the earliest geodynamic instrument during his tenure as Taishi Ling, which was called the Houfeng geokinetic instrument.

2.It has eight directions, each with a dragon with a copper bead in its mouth, and a toad and its counterpart underneath each dragon.

3.If there is a ** occurrence on either side, the copper beads contained in the dragon's mouth in the direction will fall into the mouth of the toad, so that the direction of the occurrence of ** can be measured.

4.Ruilun pod: Ruilun pod is an automatic calendar created by Zhang Heng ingenuity, which imitates the characteristics of the strange tree pod in mythology, relying on the action of running water, from the beginning of each month, a leaf appears a day, to the full moon out of 15 pieces, and then another piece is put away every day, until the end of the month, the cycle opens and closes.

5.Guide car: The guide car manufactured by Zhang Heng uses mechanical principles and the transmission of gears, and consists of a two-wheeled unilateral car.

6.The trunk uses a gear system that can be automatically clutched, and a woodcut fairy is placed on the upper layer of the trunk shell, and no matter which direction the car turns, the wooden man's outstretched arm points south.

Zhang Heng, a great scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty, invented the armillary sphere and the geodynamic instrument.

Zhang Hengzi Pingzi, Han nationality, Nanyang Xi'e, now Shiqiao Town, Nanyang City, Henan Province, China's Eastern Han Dynasty great astronomical oak Jing reformer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, writer, in the Eastern Han Dynasty successively served as Langzhong, Taishi Ling, manuscript cavity waiter, Hejian and other positions, in his later years due to illness into the dynasty as Shangshu, died in Yonghe four years, at the age of sixty-two, the Northern Song Dynasty was posthumously named West Ob.

In astronomy, Zhang Heng is the author of "Lingxian" and "Armillary Diagram Annotation", mathematical works such as "Liang Judgment and Calculation", and his literary works are represented by "Erjing Fu" and "Guitian Fu".

Zhang Heng has made outstanding contributions to the development of Chinese astronomy, mechanical technology, and science, invented the armillary sphere and geokinetic instrument, is one of the representatives of the armillary theory in the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and is known as the wooden saint by later generations, because of his outstanding contributions, the United Nations Astronomical Organization named Zhang Heng Crater a crater on the far side of the moon, and named Zhang Heng Star as the 1802 asteroid in the solar system.