Why did the Japanese Prime Minister dissolve the House of Representatives

According to the constitution, the prime minister is elected by the majority of the House of Representatives, so if you want to be prime minister, you must dissolve the House of Representatives and re-elect it.

Why is Noda in a hurry to make a decision to conditionally dissolve the House of Representatives?

Analysts believe that there are three main reasons.

First, the move is in line with Noda's political style. From the very beginning of his tenure, Noda emphasized the need for "politics in which decisions can be made." To this end, he did not hesitate to give up more than 50 party comrades to make the bill related to the integrated reform of social security and taxation system passed.

In recent days, Noda has repeatedly stressed that he is deeply aware of the weight of his promise to "dissolve the House of Representatives in the near future" and that he will certainly do what he says. It can be said that Noda made the decision to dissolve the House of Representatives by the end of the year.

Second, it would avoid political stalemate. Noda's approval rating has fallen below 20, the lowest level since taking office. If the House of Representatives is not dissolved, the LDP and Komeito will refuse to cooperate with the DPJ on important bills such as the supplementary budget, and the Diet will likely be paralyzed and the Noda administration will be struggling.

Third, it may help squeeze the political space of the third pole. In Noda's view, if the House of Representatives is not dissolved within the year, the Third Pole Forces, led by former Tokyo Governor Shintaro Ishihara and Osaka Mayor Toru Hashimoto, will have ample time to prepare**, which will lead to an even worse defeat for the DPJ in the next election.

They voted collectively to dissolve, perhaps because they felt that such an institution had no effect, so they disbanded.

Because there was a provision in Japan's previous law that the prime minister of Japan was elected by a majority in the House of Representatives. Therefore, the existence of the TCM hospital violated the Japanese imperial power. Hence the dismissal by the Prime Minister.

Because of Tokyo's defeat and declining support in the polls, the House of Representatives was disbanded and sent to the House of Representatives in order to expand the situation.

This is because they felt that this time was very important, so they chose this time to announce their dissolution.

The history is different. Before the war, the Imperial Diet of Japan had a bicameral system: the House of Lords and the House of Representatives.

After the war, the United States originally planned to abolish the House of Lords after abolishing the Chinese ethnic group, and let the Japanese Diet implement a unicameral system, that is, only the House of Representatives would be retained. However, in the face of fierce opposition and resistance from Japan, the two sides finally reached a compromise and retained the bicameral system and changed it to the Senate and the House of Representatives. It can be said that the Japanese Senate is a relic of the House of Nobles.

But no matter how it is produced and how it is constituted, it has changed beyond recognition, and it is a thing that is stiff and stiff.

The term of office and the election mechanism are different.

The statutory term of office of the House of Representatives is four years, and all members of the House of Representatives are re-elected as soon as the term expires or is dissolved early. Elections are conducted in small electoral districts (i.e., candidates are voted for by their candidates) and proportional representation constituencies (i.e., parties are elected and voted for by political parties, regardless of the party's recommendation in their constituencies).

The term of office of the Senate, on the other hand, is six years, and once elected, it cannot be dissolved in the middle of the process. One-third of these seats are re-elected every three years. In normal times, the Japanese prime minister's so-called dissolution of the Diet only refers to the early dissolution of the House of Representatives, while the House of Councillors has no right to dissolve and can only be temporarily closed.

In the election, the system of proportional representation of the first district and the whole country shall be adopted. Therefore, it can also be said that the role of the elder brother party in the Senate election is greater. Unlike other countries, where the House of Councillors represents each local body (e.g., the federal states under a federal system), Japan's House of Councillors is a body that represents Japan's political parties.

The magnitude of power is completely different. The House of Representatives has more power than the Senate.

The Cabinet has the power to pass a motion of no confidence only in the House of Representatives, not in the Senate. That is, the Senate does not have the power to overthrow the cabinet.

Major bills, such as budgets that cost money and appointments, must be sent to the House of Representatives first.

In addition, if there is a disagreement between the two houses, the House of Representatives will take the lead. That is, when the two chambers are unable to reach an agreement, the House bill can automatically take effect on its own. If a bill passed by the House of Representatives is rejected by the Senate, the bill will automatically take effect as long as the House of Representatives passes it again by a two-thirds majority.

Japan's House of Representatives is the equivalent of a member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.

There is no rank for electors abroad, only civil servants have ranks. But there is a ranking issue at the ceremony, and the parliamentarians are generally ranked after the main and Supreme Court judges. Of course, in a parliamentary state, the prime minister and cabinet members must be members of the House of Representatives, and they have a different status from ordinary members.

House of Representatives elections

Electoral system. Japan's House of Representatives has 465 seats, and members of the House of Representatives serve four-year terms. The Prime Minister has the power to dissolve the House of Representatives early to hold **. Once the House of Representatives is dissolved, all 465 members of the House of Representatives will be re-elected, of which 285 will be elected by elections from small electoral districts and 180 by proportional representation.

Members of the National Assembly may also serve as members of the Cabinet, and the Prime Minister is elected by the House of Representatives.

Japanese nationals over the age of 18 have the right to vote, and Japanese nationals over the age of 25 have the right to stand for election to the House of Representatives. On June 4, 2015, the House of Representatives unanimously passed an amendment to the Public Office Election Act, lowering the voting age from "20 years old and above" to "18 years old and over". The amendment is expected to be passed by the Senate plenary session in mid-June and will be implemented from the Senate elections the following summer.

The election of members of the House of Representatives (also known as the general election) in Japan adopts a single constituency system and a proportional representation system. Japan is divided into 295 sub-districts based on the population of the prefectures, and each district elects one member of the council, with the highest number of votes elected.

It may be that they are taking advantage of the current favorable opportunity in Japan to expand the gains of the war, or it may be for other reasons. In recent years, Japan's economy has taken a turn for the better, and Junichiro Koizumi was recently re-elected president of the Liberal Democratic Party, and he now has a relatively high cabinet approval rating.

The time between the dissolution of the House of Representatives and the election of the House of Representatives was the shortest time in Japan since the end of World War II

According to the latest international news, at the Japanese cabinet meeting on October 14, 2021, the matter of dissolving the House of Representatives was discussed at the meeting, and the final decision was made by the Japanese Prime Minister to dissolve the House of Representatives. On the afternoon of this extraordinary cabinet meeting, the Japanese side also made a decision: the announcement of the next House of Representatives election will be issued on October 19, 2021, and at the same time, the voting election will be held on October 31, 2021.

It is not difficult for the observant to notice that the interval between the dissolution and the election was only 17 days.

Koizumi Barely Maintains Three-Party Ruling Japan has entered a two-party era

Japan's current Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's Liberal Democratic Party suffered a setback in the **, and the seats in the House of Representatives fell to less than half, and finally only with the support of the other two parties in the ruling three parties, the three-party ruling situation was finally maintained. But most voters are skeptical about Koizumi's ability to push the LDP for internal reforms. With the advent of Japan's "two-party era," while Koizumi was relieved to barely maintain the three-party alliance, the opposition Democratic Party became the biggest winner this time.

The party won 72 seats in proportional representation, making it the largest party in proportionality.

The LDP won, and the public fears that it will do whatever it wants

On September 12, 2021, Koizumi returned to work full of confidence, and in the previous day's election, his Liberal Democratic Party won 296 votes. This is also the most influential time since the founding of the Liberal Democratic Party. In the end, after the LDP won, some voters actually openly expressed some regret, because the LDP won too much, and if it won too much, would it get carried away and lose its restraint and do whatever it wanted, because many Japanese residents obviously feel that the quality of life has deteriorated over the years.

The reason for this decision was that I wanted to develop Japan in this way, and then I wanted to promote the economic and political development of the local economy in this way.

In this regard, the reason given by Kishida is that the current epidemic situation in Japan is slowing down and the opposition party is weak, so he hopes to take advantage of the victory to pursue it.

According to the provisions of the Japanese Constitution, the House of Representatives has a high status and higher power than the House of Councillors.

At 13 o'clock in the afternoon of October 14, the Japanese House of Representatives announced its dissolution, and 465 members, including the newly elected Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, were "collectively unemployed".

1. How to elect the House of Representatives in Japan.

Since 1994, Japan has carried out a major reform of the parliamentary election system, implementing a mixed representation system (i.e., adopting a two-vote system): that is, the country is divided into 300 small constituencies, and each electoral district elects one member of the House of Representatives; At the same time, the country will be further divided into 11 districts, and the remaining 180 deputies will be elected by proportional representation. Voters cast two ballots in a single election, one for a candidate in a small constituency and the other for a list of candidates proposed by a political party in the ** district.

Members of the House of Representatives are elected for a term of four years. <>

2. The relationship between the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Judging from the relevant provisions of the Japanese Constitution, the status of the House of Representatives is clearly higher than that of the House of Councillors. This is because in the event of a difference in the votes of the two chambers, for example, on the passage of the budget and related treaties and on the appointment of the prime minister, the results of the House of Representatives will prevail. Therefore, the majority party in the House of Representatives naturally becomes the ruling party, so the House of Representatives election is Japan's **.

But on the surface, it seems that the Senate is more valued. The opening ceremony of Japan's annual regular and extraordinary Diet is held in the House of Councillors without exception. This is because the Senate was formerly known as the House of Nobles before the war, with all members of the royal family being senators, while the House of Representatives was only the "House of Commons".

3. The powers of the House of Representatives.

Superiority: A bill passed by the House of Representatives but objected to by the House of Councillors becomes law if it is passed again by a two-thirds majority of the members of the House of Representatives. (Article 59, Paragraph 2 of the Constitution of Japan).

Budget preemptive power:

The budget is first submitted by the House of Representatives for review. (Article 60, Paragraph 1 of the Constitution of Japan).

The cabinet no-confidence resolution can only be exercised by the Japanese House of Representatives. The passage of the no-confidence motion in the Cabinet (or the rejection of the vote of confidence in the Cabinet) will be carried out in conjunction with the resignation of the Cabinet and the dissolution of the House of Representatives. (Article 69 of the Constitution of Japan).

In the past, the position in Japan was particularly important, because they had decision-making power and represented the opinions of many people.

It is relatively high, because it has a high status because the House of Representatives is the main authority in the passage of the budget and related treaties and the appointment of the prime minister.

Before the dissolution, the status of the House of Representatives in Japan was particularly low, because the existence of this body seemed to be meaningless, and the results of their discussions were not accepted.

Compared to the House of Councillors and the Cabinet, the House of Representatives has a relatively low status, which is one of the main reasons for its dissolution.

Japan is a parliamentary democracy, in which the prime minister is not directly elected, but is chosen by the party that wins the House of Representatives. As a mechanism of checks and balances, the Japanese constitution stipulates that the prime minister has the power to dissolve the House of Representatives. The right to dismiss has long been regarded as the "killer weapon" of the Japanese prime minister, which can deter opposition forces in opposition parties and even in the ruling party according to the needs of the political situation.

The House of Representatives can raise a motion of no confidence in the Prime Minister.

In this institutional design, the House of Representatives nominally has jurisdiction over the Senate. The selection of the prime minister, the ** budget and the ratification of the treaty are all finalized by the results of the vote of the House of Representatives. However, the passage of bills related to the budget and other ordinary bills must be supported by the Senate at the same time, unless the ruling party has more than two-thirds of the seats in the House of Representatives.

In a more extreme case, even if the ruling party has an absolute majority in the House of Representatives, the Senate can use the maximum delay of 60 days to delay deliberations until the current session of the Diet ends, and the bill will naturally "abort".

As a result, almost in conjunction with the drama of Japan's prime minister's change, a term that has frequently appeared in the newspapers in recent years is "distorted Diet", in which the ruling party and the opposition party control the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors respectively. In this context, in the two years after 2007, the three prime ministers of the Liberal Democratic Party, Fukuda, and Aso, have been overshadowed. By 2009, the Democratic Party won the House of Representatives election, came to power for the first time, and took control of both houses of the House of Representatives in one fell swoop.

However, the good times were short-lived, and in the 2010 House of Councillors election, the Liberal Democratic Party made a comeback, and the "distorted Diet" reappeared. After that, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) returned the rules to others, and it was Hatoyama and Kan Naoto who tasted the pain of "distorting the Diet."

Another flaw in the "production line" of the Japanese prime minister is related to the system of electing party leaders. In principle, the term of office of the Prime Minister of Japan is synchronized with that of the House of Representatives, which is held every four years. If the prime minister resigns midway, the successor prime minister will still be elected from within the ruling party unless the House of Representatives is dissolved at the same time.

In the current Democratic representative election, for example, the new party leader is voted on by members of both houses of the Democratic Congress. This means that senators who are not constrained by the prime minister's right to dismiss will be given the same weight as members of the House of Representatives, who are constrained. As a result, Japan's House of Councillors and senators are not constrained by the prime minister's power to dissolve, and in a certain sense, they have become an important cause for Japan's political situation to "go berserk."

According to Xinhua News Agency) this analysis is good, I hope it will help you!