Why is it so great to be admitted to the Jinshi?

In ancient China, the imperial examination was called the first one. It means a person who can be knighted. This term was first found in the Book of Rites and the Imperial System.

During the great cause of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, the Jinshi subject was introduced. Tang also set up this subject, all candidates are called Jinshi, and those who take the test are called Jinshi. In the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, after the palace examination, the first and the first were all given the birth, called Jinshi.

And it is divided into three grades: one class 3 people, give Jinshi and the first; The second and third grades, divided into Jinshi and Jinshi origin, are given the same Jinshi background.

Jinshi is the highest merit of the imperial examination. Gongshi participated in the temple examination and recorded as the top three, all of which were called Jinshi. According to statistics, in the history of China's imperial examination system of more than 1,300 years, the total number of Jinshi students who have passed the examination is at least 98,749.

Many famous writers in ancient times were born in Jinshi, such as He Zhizhang, Wang Bo, Song Zhiwen, Wang Changling, Wang Wei, Cen Shen, Han Yu, Liu Yuxi, Bai Juyi, Liu Zongyuan, Du Mu, etc. in the Tang Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, Sima Guang, Wang Anshi, Su Shi in the Song Dynasty, etc. In the examination, the first class will be awarded an official position, and the remaining two will participate in the examination of the Hanlin Academy, and then be awarded an official position after studying for three years.

At that time, even if the scholars were admitted to Xiucai, the seniority was different from that of ordinary people, not to mention the Jinshi, the Jinshi is equivalent to the current master's degree, if you want to know more about the imperial examination, you might as well take a look at the "Confucianism and Foreign History", which is quite possible The meaning of the Jinshi at that time was written in great detail.

Jinshi of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Even if it is a first-class jinshi, that is, the champion, the list of eyes and the flower. and the top few of the second class are also called Shu Jishi, and enter Hanlin.

The future is bright. The other second-class and third-class generally go to the local place as a county magistrate. But the county order in the past is different from the present, according to the current words, it is the party, the government, and the economy, so it is called Bailihou.

In addition, the organization at that time was much more streamlined than it is now, so it was enough to produce a few hundred officials every three years.

The imperial examination had different examination procedures in different dynasties. During the Tang Dynasty, the Imperial Examination was presided over by the Provincial Ministry of Rites (National ** Institution) every winter, which was called the Provincial Examination, and then after the re-examination, the corresponding official positions were awarded to those who passed; The Song Dynasty added the palace examination, and the emperor personally questioned those who passed the examination, and the first place in the palace examination became the champion, the second name was Bangyan, and the third name was Tanhua; In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the imperial examination was divided into several stages: the hospital examination, the township examination, the meeting examination, and the palace examination from the bottom up. Among them, the college examination is presided over by the provincial governor's college, and the township examination is presided over by the chief examiner ordered by the emperor in the provincial capitals.

The examination was presided over by the Ministry of Rites in the capital. There are many subjects in the imperial examination. In the Tang Dynasty, there were Xiucai Section, Ming Jing Section, Jinshi Section, Tongzi Section, etc.

Among them, those who are qualified to participate in the Xiucai section are called Xiucai. The selection of officials is mainly through the Jinshi Branch, so the Jinshi and the first are very honorable, commonly known"Ascend the Dragon Gate".

The upstairs statement doesn't seem right. The Jinshi of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, even if they were first-class Jinshi, that is, champions, Bangyan and Tanhua, were only awarded the official positions of the sixth grade. The rest of the second-class jinshi are at most seven grades. It's equivalent to today's county magistrate!

Now graduating from a bachelor's degree is equivalent to a showman.

Jinshi is basically the mayor of a prefecture-level city.

In the past, the eight-strand essay was taken from the four books and scriptures, which was quite difficult to test, and some people had gray hair, and people were drooping and old, and they still did not pass the exam, and this screening mechanism had great drawbacks.

It is much more difficult to be admitted to Tsinghua University and Peking University than to be admitted to Tsinghua University.

The population of the Qing Dynasty was about 400 million, and only 100 people eventually became Jinshi. The probability is 14 million.

Today, China has a population of 1.4 billion, and nearly 10,000 people enter Tsinghua University and Peking University every year. The probability is 1,140,000.

Examination. The status of lifting people can only be obtained by passing the township test. It is equivalent to our current college entrance examination.

In the late Qing Dynasty, there were about 160,000-180,000 candidates who participated in the township examination each time, and 5,000-6,000 people were selected from them to become lifters, and the acceptance rate was about 3%. At present, the acceptance rate of China's college entrance examination is 75%, the admission rate of the first book is 12%, and the admission rate of 985 is 2%.

It is much more difficult to become a person in the imperial examination than the key points of the examination, and it is only a little easier than being admitted to 985.

After becoming a lifter, you can take the exam, and after passing, you can become a tribute. This exam is to be taken in the capital, once every three years. It is said that 3,000 people have entered Beijing, and only about 300 people have been admitted to become tributes, and only 100 people have been admitted to the city.

A month after the exam, the list will be released, and the general people who rush to take the exam are waiting for news in the capital, so you can imagine how much it cost to take the exam once in ancient times. Not something that the average family can afford.

It is more difficult to be admitted to Tsinghua University than to be admitted to Tsinghua University. The imperial examination is the most important talent selection system in ancient China, which started in the Sui Dynasty, flourished in the Ming Dynasty, and declined in the Qing Dynasty, lasting 1300 years. According to statistics, in the more than 300-year history of the Qing Dynasty, only 24,000 Jinshi were successfully admitted through the imperial examination.

The imperial examination is usually held once every three years, which is a rule determined by the Song Dynasty, so that only about 200 people succeed in each examination, so the ancient imperial examination is more competitive than the current college entrance examination.

The ancient imperial examination systemAccording to the level of the grades, it is divided into first, second, third, third, etc., the first is called the champion, the second is the eye, the third is Tanhua, and the second is a number of people, and the second is born; The second is the top three, and he was born as a jinshi.

The imperial examination is a national examination, from which more than 6,000 people are selected to participate, and 300 jinshi are selected. In terms of rank, it is the top 300. Based on the population of 100 million in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, 300 per 100 million.

Imperial examinations. It is a testing ground that provides a channel for the majority of poor students to become officials, and it is a system of comparison and probation.

A fairer platform to shine. However, this does not mean that you can become an official after passing the Jinshi examination.

The imperial examination only gives a qualification to be an official, just like a university, it only gives students a platform for employment, but if they don't work hard, they may still not find a job.

We all know that the imperial examination has to go through 4 rounds, first of all, Xiucai, after the examination Xiucai, you can participate in the township examination to raise people, and then by the Ministry of Rites.

The tributary examination was held, and then the palace examination in which the emperor personally participated in the inspection. Students from Guangzhou University need to go through layers of selection before they can enter the **. Although different dynasties have different regulations, the general examination process is the same.

In the Tang Dynasty, it was still relatively strict. Although the first ones are glorious, they are not immediately ready to become officials, because they still have to pass the examination of the officials. These first-class winners participated in the re-examination of the two subjects of "macro words" and "top ordain" in the Ministry of Officials.

The re-examination of the two subjects of "Macro Words" and "Diocesant" is divided into four contents, namely, body, speech, calligraphy, and judgment. The body refers to the physical examination, the words are a test of eloquence, the book is a test of calligraphy, and the judgment is a test of official writing. Only those who meet all these four standards can be awarded the nine grades.

Petty officials like that. There are two kinds of supplementary teachings: one is to be in charge of sorting and transcribing ancient books in the Royal Library, with the aim of allowing them to continue reading to enrich their knowledge; The other is to go to the localities to take up deputy posts at the county level or so, with the intention of allowing them to exercise their ability to administer government in practical work.

Although it is a supplementary award, there is also a probationary period, which can range from one year, two years, three years, five years or even eight years. After the expiration of the probationary period, he will be officially appointed by the imperial court. Those who fail to pass must wait three years before taking the version test, and if they still fail, they will have to go through three or four tests until they fully meet the standard.

The so-called "advance soldiers" in the Tang Dynasty refer to these re-examination losers.

It is so difficult for the first class to be a jinshi and the first, let alone those who have obtained the jinshi origin and the same jinshi background. Speaking of which, even if there was an enke (the emperor's permission to take the exam, which began to appear in the Song Dynasty), due to the Confucian orthodoxy of "reading is worrying about the people", it is difficult for those who participate in the imperial examination to cross the river.

Of course, if you want to be an official, you don't only have to take the imperial examination, but you can also be recommended by high-ranking officials and nobles, such as "Shixian."

Li Bai worships Hanlin because of poetry, but this requires you to be good enough.

So, no matter what era you are, it's hard to be successful. Only with unremitting efforts can we rise to the challenge. Of course, there is a time when you might as well learn from the Qinglian monks, and all roads lead to Rome.

It's very difficult, even more difficult than today, to get a doctorate from a prestigious university.

1. Difficulty one, the admission ratio is too small.

In the Tang Dynasty, Jinshi was hired, and there were 3 5 people per year in the early Tang Dynasty and about 20 people in the middle of the Tang Dynasty. On average, there were more than 70 people per year in the Song Dynasty (once every 3 years), and more than 100 people per year in the Qing Dynasty (an average of once every 2 years). The basis for the comparison is the "acceptance rate", which is based on the content displayed at the Beijing Imperial Examination Plaque Museum.

On average, only one of the 3.75 million scholars can pass the Jinshi examination. According to the statistics of local chronicles, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, which had a good score in the imperial examination in ancient times, admitted an average of 600,000 scholars to one jinshi.

2. Difficulty 2: The amount of money that needs to be spent is too much.

Devoted to the cause of the imperial examination, buying books, studying tours, hiring teachers, and the cost of taking the examination is very high. In ancient times, the cost of artificial paper printing was very high, and the average price of a book in the Song Dynasty was 2, about 800 1200 yuan. If you don't have hundreds of thousands, you can't buy a complete set of textbooks and reference books.

A scholar spends 1 or 2 months a year on the road to the state capital and the provincial capital to participate in the annual examination, the Taoist examination, the scientific examination, and the township examination. In addition, there are also cultural meetings (important academic exchanges and study exchanges) with scholars from other cities, and the cost of travel, food, transportation, and transportation is very huge. Historically, the average age of a Zhongjinshi was 35 years old, a person had not worked for 35 years, and a large family sat on the mountain, and when he was admitted to the Jinshi, his family was not a wealthy family, or without the financial support of the whole clan, the whole village, and the entire clan, it was impossible to participate in the imperial examination.

In ancient times, it was more difficult to be admitted to the Jinshi than it is to be admitted to the civil service today, and it was quite accomplished if you could be admitted to the Jinshi at that time, and it was quite accomplished, and it was possible to glorify the ancestors, and there was light on the face of the Zong, not to mention the parents, that kind of glory is unimaginable for today's people, but it is also very difficult to get into, and the high IQ of the person who can be admitted is unimaginable, not to mention the Jinshi, even if you can be admitted to the lifting of people, it is already very amazing.