What is microcephaly and what is microcephaly

Microcephalia. Yes.

Head circumference. Too small, fontanelle.

Those who close too early and have signs of growth retardation.

Small cephalic deformities. It can be divided into:

Vera. Microcephaly, one is relative microcephaly, and true microcephaly is due to one.

Autosomal aberrations.

It is caused by the small gyrus or no gyrus, and the brain development is significantly delayed, which is often present.

Fetus. From 3rd to 5th month, the progression stops and the patient stops.

The top of the head is small and pointed, the forehead is flattened, and the head circumference is smaller than the chest, the maximum is not more than 43 cm, and the minimum can be less than 25 cm, the brain.

Weight. Under 900 grams, forehead.

Usually flat with occipital, anterior fontanelle.

Premature closure, premature closure of all or part of the sutures, delayed physical and mental development, language and.

Behavioral development. Barrier.

Some patients have.

Convulsion. Muscle tone. Increase. Lymph.

There is even spastic paralysis of its.

Pre-event. Brain.

Aplasia. Extent.

Acupuncture** can receive certain curative effects, and the relative microcephaly is also known as pseudocephaly microcephaly due to.

Inflammation. Cerebrovascular.

Injuries caused by brain damage and.

Brain atrophy. The reduction in head circumference is less severe than in true microcephaly.

Hello, based on your examination data alone, it is not certain that the fetus is microcephaly. Generally 38 weeks of pregnancy: the average value of the double parietal diameter of your fetus is 84, which is the minimum value of the normal range Under normal circumstances, there are certain rules to follow between the baby's development and gestational age, and at the same time, there are individual differences due to the influence of genetic nutrition and other factors, and there may be errors in the doctor's measurement technology.

Most mothers hope that their babies can grow up healthy and happy after birth, but if some diseases appear, we still have to keep abreast of them. What is microcephaly? Literally, the patient's head circumference is smaller than that of a normal infant.

Let's take a closer look!

Microcephaly can be divided into true microcephaly and relative microcephaly (also called pseudomicrocephaly). Microcephaly vera is usually caused by an autosomal aberration or by exposure to radiation or intrauterine infection during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester. Patients typically show small or no gyrus, and brain development is markedly delayed.

In addition, the fetus often stops growing between the third and fifth months of life. The top of the patient's head is usually small and pointed, the forehead is flat, and the head circumference is smaller than the chest circumference. The maximum size of the head circumference is not more than 43 cm, the minimum can be less than 25 cm, the weight of the brain is less than 900 grams, and the forehead and occipital region are often flat.

Due to the early closure of the bregam and the premature closure of the bone sutures, the physical and mental development is delayed, and the language and behavioral development may be impaired. Its prognosis varies according to the degree of brain hypoplasia, and acupuncture** can receive certain curative effects. Relative microcephaly, also known as pseudomicrocephaly, is mostly caused by inflammation and cerebrovascular damage caused by brain damage and brain atrophy, and the degree of head circumference reduction is smaller than that of true cephaly, and the deformity of cephaly is milder.

Every pregnant mother is particularly worried about the condition of the fetus in the womb, because once the situation occurs, the fetus may die in the womb, and the fetus will have microcephaly during development, and the pregnant mother is particularly worried and worried. So, how does the fetus know microcephaly?

Examination of fetal microcephaly during pregnancy requires ultrasonography to confirm the diagnosis. The way to prevent it is to do a good preconception examination, and truthfully inform the doctor of the family history, make various preparations before pregnancy, try to stay away from unsafe sources after pregnancy, appropriately supplement various vitamins and trace elements, and regularly do a good job of prenatal examination from 12 weeks of pregnancy, and cooperate with various screenings. It is recommended to go to the hospital for a systematic examination, and CT or MRI examination is generally preferred.

If microcephaly is diagnosed, surgery should be the main goal, with the aim of enlarging the cranial cavity, relieving intracranial hypertension, and enabling the development and growth of compressed brain tissue and cranial nerves.

Microcephaly is a malformation of brain development, and its main symptom is that the head is small, smaller than the head of a normal child, and it is lightweight. And the development of the brain is also very slow. Some children also look like they have a pointed top of their head, a collapsed nose, and large ears.

Physical development is slow, and most of them have intellectual problems, with occasional convulsions. Microcephaly can generally only be achieved by surgery, which should be detected as early as possible, and it is best to do it when the child has not yet had intellectual impairment, which is easier to recover.

Pregnant women often feel pain due to fetal movement, abdominal circumference and uterine fundus height are smaller than the gestation month, fetal activity is limited, and natural rotation is not easy, so breech presentation is more common. The duration of pregnancy is prolonged, often beyond the expected date of delivery 2-3 weeks. Primary uterine atony or uncoordinated contractions are common during labor, and the uterine opening dilates slowly, predisposing to prolongation of the first stage of labor.

Amniotic fluid is very small, thick and mostly yellow-green, resulting in hypoxia in the fetus. Due to the lack of amniotic fluid, various developmental abnormalities are caused. If oligohydramnios occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy, some fetal surfaces may adhere to the amniotic membranes, or form an amniotic girdle.

On the contrary, if the baby is healthy and mature, you can consider letting the baby come into the world early. Severes a finger or limb. If oligohydramnios occurs in the third trimester, the fetus** is dry, like parchment.

Don't be too nervous about oligohydramnios, eat more healthy food through usual careful observation, but the expectant mother is under greater psychological pressure, and the family should provide emotional support, enlightenment and help the mother actively participate in ** and self-care care. If necessary, you should follow the doctor's advice, which is good for both mother and baby.

Clinical manifestations Microcephaly can exist alone or in combination with many hereditary syndromes, such as Rett syndrome, and its clinical manifestations vary greatly, and there may be no obvious manifestations of impaired brain function, and there can also be a variety of brain dysfunctions including cognition, motor, and emotion.

Among them, primary microcephaly mainly affects the development of the brain in the fetal stage, and as early as about 24 weeks of pregnancy, ultrasound technology and magnetic resonance scanning can be used to find that the head circumference measurement value and brain volume of the child are lower than that of normal fetuses of the same age.

Children with microcephaly often lag behind in physical and mental development, and the level of mental deterioration and brain volume depletion is relatively static after birth, and secondary microcephaly often has progressive brain degeneration. However, not all children with microcephaly have mental retardation, and there are about children with a head circumference less than 2 to 3 standard deviations of normal intelligence. Some children have convulsions and/or cerebral palsy.

CT may show cerebral atrophy and widening of the ventricles and subarachnoid space, or only small brain size while other structures are normal.

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

For primary microcephaly, also known as true microcephaly or autosomal recessive microcephaly (MCPH), the current clinical diagnostic criteria are:

MCPH is a congenital disorder, and the measurement of head circumference at birth is less than 4 standard deviations of normal for children of the same age;

Non-progressive mental deterioration, generally not accompanied by other neurological symptoms, such as epilepsy, persistent spasticity, etc., if neurological symptoms appear, it cannot be used as an exclusion criterion; Weight, height, and appearance were basically normal, and there were no abnormalities in genomic examination and brain structure, but in individuals with MCPHL variants, there was often underdevelopment of height and ectopic periventricular neuronal cells. The clinical diagnosis of microcephaly is not difficult by accurate measurement of head circumference, but due to the significant heterogeneity of the clinical presentation of children with microcephaly, a comprehensive clinical diagnosis also relies on a detailed history and a thorough physical examination.

The medical history should include the mother's maternal and maternal history (especially the history of infection, drug use and birth during pregnancy), neonatal medical history, growth and development history, family history (including parental head circumference), etc.; During the physical examination, it is necessary to pay attention to whether there are other deformities and examinations of height, weight, face, eyes, ears, nervous system, etc.

Based on the results of medical history and physical examination, combined with the results of auxiliary examinations such as imaging, it can be suggestive or definite for 43% of 80% of children with microcephaly**. For patients with unclear or suspected genetic abnormalities, cellular and molecular biodiagnostic techniques can be used to further clarify them.

The genetic abnormalities of microcephaly involve both single gene mutations and chromosomal variations, so different detection methods should be selected according to the actual situation of the child, such as chromosomal G-band karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, microarray comparative genomic hybridization, whole genome microarray, chromosomal microarray analysis, and whole exome sequencing (WES).