What are the most important problems in China s water resources? What are the root causes of the pro

First, floods.

frequent, and a great threat to economic development and social stability. Since the 90s, there have been five major floods in several major rivers in China. In particular, in 1998, the Yangtze River, the Nenjiang River and the Songhua River.

The catastrophic floods in the river basin fully show that flood disasters are still a problem for our hearts.

Second, drought and water shortage are becoming increasingly serious. Water scarcity is widespread in agriculture, industry and in cities. The drying up of rivers in the north is becoming more and more serious.

Third, the water ecological environment has deteriorated. In recent years, the water quality of water bodies in China has generally shown a deteriorating trend. Of the country's approximately 100,000 kilometers of river lengths, polluted rivers account for the total. More than 90% of the country's urban waters are polluted to varying degrees, and the problem of water shortage is serious.

The spatial and temporal distribution of water resources in China is extremely uneven. There are more in the south and less in the north, and more in the east and less in the west, which is extremely mismatched with the distribution of resources such as population, cultivated land, and minerals. The north of the Yangtze River accounts for the country's land area, and the water resources account for only 19% of the country's total; The inland region of the northwest accounts for the total land area of the country, and only accounts for the amount of water resources.

Subject to monsoon climate.

The annual distribution of rainfall is extremely uneven, and the precipitation in most areas is continuous for four consecutive months during the flood season.

It accounts for about 70% of the annual total.

Problems and Root Causes of Water Resources:

First, water scarcity. Water resources and water sources are two concepts, a lot of water can not be directly used for drinking or use, the largest amount of fresh water generally comes from groundwater, freshwater lakes, freshwater rivers, etc., this amount is actually not much.

Second, water scarcity per capita. In addition to the first reason, the Chinese population is large, the economy is developing rapidly, and the demand for water resources is large, so the per capita is scarce.

Third, water resources are unevenly distributed. Water resources are scarce in the western and northern regions, while those in the south are more abundant.

Fourth, water is wasted. The flood irrigation in agriculture is very serious, and the waste in life and industry is very serious.

Fifth, water pollution. Domestic sewage is directly discharged, and industrial sewage treatment is not complete, resulting in water pollution.

Sixth. Low water resource utilization. There is a certain correlation between low utilization rate and waste, and here I emphasize that the means of using water resources are relatively backward.

The current status and problems of water resources are:

The current state of water resources is:Water scarcity is deteriorating, posing a serious threat to ecosystems, food safety and human health. According to statistics, about 100 million people in rural areas do not have access to drinking water that meets the standards every year, and water resources are becoming a valuable strategic resource and a major strategic issue related to the sustainable development and long-term peace and stability of the country's economy and society.

The problem of water is:

1. Serious shortage of water resources:The basic situation of China's water resources is that there are more people and less water, and the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources is uneven, with more in the south and less in the north, more in the coastal areas and less in the interior, more mountains and fewer plains, and only 20% of the cultivated land in the north of the Yangtze River, and nearly 31% of the country's land is arid (with annual rainfall below 250mm), the distribution of productive forces and water and land resources do not match, the contradiction between supply and demand is sharp, and the gap is very large.

2. Serious pollution of water resourcesIn the early days of reform and opening up, the extensive development model that only focused on the speed of development and ignored the environmental impact caused serious pollution of water resources: the sections of rivers flowing through cities were generally polluted.

3. The recycle rate of water resources is lowThe low efficiency of water use in industrial production leads to high costs and poor output value benefits, and the GDP output of unilateral water is 1 3 of the world average. Most cities in the country have serious waste of industrial water, the average reuse rate is only 30-40%, and the average centralized treatment rate of urban domestic sewage in 2009 is not comparable with advanced countries.

The current situation of water resources and the solutions to the problems are:

1. Comprehensive protection and prudent exploitation of groundwaterIn the 70s and 80s of the 20th century, the amount of groundwater extracted was 572 and 74.8 billion tons per year, respectively, reaching 105.8 billion tons at the end of the 20th century, and then remaining above 100 billion tons.

It is increasing at a rate of 2.5 billion tons per year. More than 400 of the country's 657 cities rely on groundwater as a source of drinking water, and 65% of domestic water, 50% of industrial water and 33% of agricultural irrigation water in the northern region come from groundwater.

2. Intensify the direct utilization of seawaterBritain, France, the Netherlands, Italy and other countries directly use seawater instead of fresh water in desulfurization, reinjection oil recovery, ice making, printing and dyeing in thermal power generation, nuclear power, metallurgy, petrochemical and other industries, as well as toilet flushing, ash flushing, washing, and fire protection in daily life. In 2010, the world's seawater direct utilization was nearly 600 billion tons, and the effect of freshwater resource conservation was remarkable.

Current state of water resources: Water scarcity is acute. The water issues are as follows:

With the development of the world economy, the population is growing, the number of cities is increasing and expanding, and the water consumption is increasing everywhere. According to United Nations estimates, global water consumption was only 400 billion cubic meters in 1900, 3,000 billion cubic meters in 1980 and 3,900 billion cubic meters in 1985. By 2000, the amount of water needed to increase to 6,000 billion cubic meters per year.

Among them, Asia has the largest water consumption, reaching 3.2 trillion cubic meters per year, followed by North America, Europe, South America, etc. About 1.5 billion people in 80 countries and regions, which account for about 40% of the world's population, lack fresh water, and about 300 million people in 26 countries are severely short of water. What is even more frightening is that by 2025, 3 billion people in the world are expected to face water scarcity, and 40 countries and regions are seriously short of fresh water.

The world's water resources.

Seventy-two per cent of the Earth's surface is covered by water, but freshwater resources account for only one of all water resources, nearly 70 per cent of which is fixed in the ice of Antarctica and Greenland, and the rest is mostly soil moisture or deep groundwater, which cannot be used by humans. Less than 1% of the earth's freshwater or about water can be directly used by human beings, and the per capita freshwater resources of Chinese account for only a quarter of the world's per capita freshwater resources.

The earth's water storage is abundant, with a total of 100 million cubic kilometers. Although the amount of water on the earth is huge, there is very little water that can be directly used by people in production and life. First of all, seawater is salty and bitter, undrinkable, unwaterable, and difficult to use for industry.

Second, the earth's freshwater resources account for only a fraction of its total water, and of these very few freshwater resources, more than 70% are frozen in the Antarctic and Arctic ice caps, and together with the inaccessible mountain glaciers and permafrost snow, 87% of the freshwater resources are difficult to use. The freshwater resources that humans can really use are some of the rivers, lakes and groundwater, which account for about the total amount of water on the planet.

Global freshwater resources are not only scarce, but also extremely unevenly distributed regionally. Nine countries, including Brazil, Russia, Canada, China, the United States, Indonesia, India, Colombia and the Congo, account for 60% of the world's freshwater resources.

With the development of the world economy, the population is growing, the number of cities is increasing and expanding, and the water consumption is increasing everywhere. According to United Nations estimates, global water consumption was only 400 billion cubic meters in 1900, 3,000 billion cubic meters in 1980 and 3,900 billion cubic meters in 1985.

By 2000, the amount of water needed to increase to 6,000 billion cubic meters per year. Among them, Asia has the largest water consumption, reaching 3.2 trillion cubic meters per year, followed by North America, Europe, South America, etc. About 1.5 billion people in 80 countries and regions, which account for about 40% of the world's population, lack fresh water, and about 300 million people in 26 countries are severely short of water.

What is even more frightening is that by 2025, 3 billion people in the world are expected to face water scarcity, and 40 countries and regions are seriously short of fresh water.

The three major problems facing the grim situation of water resources in China are as follows:

1) Flood disasters are still a problem for the Chinese nation, and the overall flood control projects have not met the planning standards.

2) Water scarcity has become the main constraint to economic and social development, and it is extremely difficult to further develop water resources.

3) The deterioration of the water environment has become a problem that cannot be ignored, and the water quality is generally deteriorating.

The total amount is not abundant, and the per capita share is even lower. China's total water resources rank sixth in the world, with a per capita occupancy of 2,240 cubic meters, about 1 4 of the world's per capita, and rank 88th among the 153 countries in the World Bank.

The regional distribution is uneven, and the water and land resources are not matched. The Yangtze River basin and its southern areas account for only 81% of the country's land area. The Huaihe River Basin and the areas north of it account for only 19% of the country's total water resources.

The annual distribution is uneven, and drought and flood disasters are frequent. In most areas, the precipitation for four consecutive months accounts for more than 70% of the year, and consecutive wet or dry years are common.

The main problems existing in the development and utilization of water resources

The contradiction between supply and demand is intensifying. The first is the lack of water in agriculture. With the development of the economy and the changes in the climate, the water shortage in China's agriculture, especially in the northern region, has increased.

At present, the irrigation areas alone lack about 30 billion cubic meters of water every year. In the 90s of the last century, the average annual farmland area was 26.67 million hectares, and the shortage of water became the main constraint affecting agricultural development and food security. More than 20 million people and tens of millions of livestock in rural areas of the country have difficulty drinking water, and 1 4 percent of the population does not meet sanitary standards for drinking water.

The second is the lack of water in the city. The phenomenon of urban water shortage in China began in the 70s, and has expanded year by year, especially since the reform and opening up, the urban water shortage has become more and more serious. According to statistics, among the 663 cities in the country, there are 400 cities with insufficient water supply, of which 110 are seriously fast water, with an annual fast water supply of about 10 billion cubic meters, affecting the industrial output value of about 200 billion yuan every year.

The main reasons for the shortage of water resources in China are as follows, the first of which is the root cause.

1. Water resources are unevenly distributed in space, with more in the south and less in the north.

2. Water resources are unevenly distributed in time, with more in summer and less in winter.

3. China has a large population and rapid development, resulting in a shortage of water resources.

4. The utilization rate is low, and the phenomenon of pollution and waste is serious.