What are the characteristics of the root system of horticultural plants and how to apply them in cul

The root system of different horticultural plants is different, there is a straight root system with a fibrous root system, the straight root system of horticultural plants generally has a deep root system, a wide rhizosphere, deep fertilization, watering penetration, you can also consider the root system to limit cultivation, the fibrous root system is generally shallow, the tiling area is large, and the general sprinkling or shallow fertilization is used to avoid waste, when this is only for the general situation, different circumstances should be adapted to local conditions.

1. Common characteristics of plant roots.

1. The role is the same.

The main function of roots is to hold the plant body, absorb water and minerals dissolved in water, transport water and minerals to the stems, and store nutrients.

2. The structure is the same.

Roots are usually divided into three parts: apical structure, primary structure, and secondary structure. The root tip is the tip of the taproot or lateral root, which is the youngest and most vigorous part of the root, and the main part of the root growth, extension and water absorption. The root tip is divided into a crown, a meristem, an elongation zone, and a mature zone.

2. Classification of plant roots.

1. Straight root system.

The straight root system is composed of primary roots and secondary roots produced by the development of radicles, the taproot is developed and obvious, and it is easy to distinguish it from the lateral root, and the root system composed of this taproot and its lateral roots at all levels is called the straight root system.

The root system of most gymnosperms and dicots is a straight root system. Such as dicot cotton, dandelion, soybean, tomato, peach, etc.

Generally, the straight root system penetrates deep into the soil, and its lateral roots extend widely in the soil, such as the root system of woody plants, its extension diameter can reach 10 18 meters, often more than several times that of the canopy; Herbaceous plants such as pumpkins, which extend up to 6 8 meters in diameter.

2. Fibrous root system.

The taproot of monocots ceased to grow or died soon after birth, and many adventitious roots of equal thickness were born on the nodes of the hypocotyl and the base of the stem, and then lateral roots were generated from the adventitious roots, and the whole root system was flocculent in shape, so it was called the fibrous root system.

It is made up of seed roots and adventitious roots. So the fibrous root system is mainly composed of adventitious roots. Adventitious roots are born from stem nodes, and several adventitious roots will grow on each unelongated internode, and the thicker and more numerous roots grow on the stem nodes that grow upward, and no longer have roots on the stem nodes between the elongated nodes.

Source: Root system, a general term for all the roots of a plant. There are two main types of root systems: straight root system and fibrous root system.

The straight root system is a well-developed and obvious taproot, which is easily distinguished from the lateral root, and the root system composed of this taproot and its lateral roots at all levels is called the straight root system. Most gymnosperms and dicots have straight root systems. Such as dicot cotton, dandelion, soybean, tomato, peach, etc.

For example, the root system of woody plants can reach 10 18 meters in diameter, often exceeding several times the canopy. Herbaceous plants such as pumpkins, which extend up to 6 8 meters in diameter.

The fibrous root system consists of many adventitious roots with detailed thickness. The taproot cannot be clearly distinguished in the root system. Most monocots have fibrous root systems. For example, the root systems of sorghum, rice, wheat, onions, garlic, lilies, corn, narcissus, etc. are all fibrous root systems.

Analysis: Most gymnosperms and dicots have straight root systems. Most monocots have fibrous root systems. This is the result of a long period of evolution of plants, the purpose of which is to be easier to grow.

The only common feature of plants is that their cells have a cell wall, which is the only feature that all plants have in common, although this feature is very unintuitive.

Many lower plants do not have roots, stems, and leaves, or there is no obvious differentiation of roots, stems, and leaves, algae plants have no roots, stems, and leaves, and lichens and bryophytes do not have obvious differentiation of roots, stems, and leaves.

Summary. Characteristics: The root system of camel thorn belongs to the straight root system, the straight root is very deep, and the fibrous root is well developed.

In order to adapt to the arid environment, the camel thorns try to make the ground part grow as short as possible, while at the same time digging the large roots deep into the ground. The camel spines with large aboveground parts have a depth of about 3 meters in the ground and a diameter of about 1 meter in the lateral roots. Such a large root system can find water sources and absorb water over a larger area; The low ground part effectively reduces water transpiration, allowing the camel thorn to survive in the arid desert.

What plant has the longest root system and what are the characteristics of its root system.

Pro: What is the longest root system of a plant, and what are the characteristics of its root system.

Alhagi sparsifoliashapIt belongs to the leguminous family, deciduous herbaceous, the main branches are thorny, the leaves are oblong, the flowers are pink, they bloom in June, they are the most prosperous in August, each flower can open for more than 20 days, bear pods, racemes, the root system is very developed, generally up to 20 meters.

Absorb groundwater and nutrients from the desert and the Gobi depths, it is a naturally growing drought-tolerant plant, because this plant has thorny small hard green leaves on the stem, so it is called camel thorn, it is a herbaceous plant, it is the only grass that camels can eat in the Gobi desert and desert to survive, so it is also called camel grass. It is mainly found in inland arid areas.

Characteristics: The root system of camel thorn belongs to the straight root system, the straight root is very deep, and the fibrous root is well developed. In order to adapt to the arid environment, the camel thorns try to make the ground part grow as short as possible, while at the same time digging the large roots deep into the ground.

The camel spines with large aboveground parts have a depth of about 3 meters in the ground and a diameter of about 1 meter in the lateral roots. Such a large root system can find water sources and absorb water over a larger area; The low ground part effectively reduces water transpiration, allowing the camel thorn to survive in the arid desert.

Breeding pathway: cross-breeding to take advantage of hybridization.

Mutagenesis breeding uses radiation, zero gravity, etc. to induce mutation in plants, and then selects useful variants from them.

Polyploid and haplotype species use colchicine to double direct chromosomes such as pollen to directly obtain pure individuals and accelerate the breeding process.

Genetic engineering breeding, altering, cutting, adding, specific genes, and thus improving species. The increase is also known as GMO.

Seeds, cuttings, pressing, grafting.

Answer]: Absorption function.

Analysis: The functions of roots mainly include absorption, fixation, transport, synthesis, storage and propagation. The absorption function is the main function of the root, which is mainly to absorb water and inorganic salts.

The roots of plants have the functions of fixation, support, absorption, transport and storage, the root system of plants is divided into straight root system and fibrous root system, and the roots of most terrestrial plants are distributed deep and wide underground, forming a huge root system, which is more developed than the above-ground branch and leaf system The distribution of roots in the soil has geotropy, hydrotropic and fertilizable Due to the action of gravity, the high concentration of auxin on the side of the root near the ground is high, and the high concentration of auxin has the effect of inhibiting the growth of plant roots, so it grows bend to the side near the ground, which is manifested as downward growth, that is, geotropy; The growth of plants needs nutrients such as water and inorganic salts, and water and inorganic salts are absorbed by the roots, so the roots also show the characteristics of which water is more directional and which grows, that is, the hydrotropism of the roots, and the growth of roots to places with more soil fertility is fertilization

So the answer is: to the water; to fertilizer; to the ground