What is the particularity and universality of things

When it comes to "universality and particularity", many people will think of philosophy and Marxism.

It's normal, because we learn the relationship between universality and particularity from philosophy. But there is also a relationship between universality and particularity in our work, but we do not define it in philosophical terms. There are many examples in life to explain the relationship between the universal and the particular, such as:

There are a thousand Hamlets for a thousand readers.

White horses are not horses. and so on, all of which illustrate the relationship between the universality and particularity of contradictions.

What is the relationship between universality and particularity? The universality of things is the commonality, and the particularity of things is the individuality. Commonality resides in individuality, and individuality contains commonality, and there is no individuality that leaves commonality, nor does it leave commonality.

The relationship between the two is dialectical unity. To understand the relationship between universality and particularity, we should treat it with a dialectical way of thinking. In our actual work, we pay attention to execution.

At the same time, we need to pay attention to dialectical thinking to consider problems, only in this way can we consider things thoroughly in our work.

Many people have one thing in common in their work: to measure the value of others by their own values. That is, "what I think is right is right, and what I think is wrong is wrong." "The existence of such a problem is an empiricism.

In layman's terms, it is power policy, hegemonism, and subjectivism.

There are many examples of this kind in actual work, when doing one thing, it is not evaluated afterwards, but in the process of doing it. However, you have to know that maybe the process is different, the result is the same, and the effect is not the same? Here comes the question, you may say:

I'm teaching you how to do it right? "Who can guarantee your correctness? You may say that this is all empirical, but perhaps you have committed empiricism.

Experience does not represent ability, and experience cannot replace strength. It's like right and wrong, good and bad. It's just that there are more people talking about it, like this:

There is no road in the world, and when there are more people walking, there is a road. ”

FYI.

The difference between the particularity and universality of things lies in the scope of cognition, the discovery of a new thing we will think that it is special, but when we reach a certain degree of cognition of things, it will have universality. To give a simple example, all the laws of physics are special when they are first discovered, but when they become more and more relevant to our lives, they become universal. Therefore, the particularity and universality of things are unified, and the universality of things develops from particularity, and things with particularity will have universality in the future.

1. The difference between universality and particularity.

When it comes to the difference between the two, it is actually the difference in concept between the two. Universality means that contradictions are everywhere and all the time, that is, everything in the world has contradictions, so universality is universal and general. There is also a contradiction at any time and under any conditions, so universality is also unconditional and absolute.

Particularity refers to the fact that the specific content of the contradiction of each thing is different or that the same contradiction has different characteristics at different stages, so particularity is individuality and individuality. This particularity is special relative to other things, for example, flowers are red and leaves are green, so particularity is conditional and relative. The concept of commonality and generality reveals the universal laws of the world, so universality is more profound than particularity; The concept of individuality and particularity can reveal the different characteristics of each specific thing, so particularity is richer and more specific than universality.

To sum up, the dialectical relationship between universality and particularity is actually the relationship between commonality and individuality, and between the general and the individual.

2. The link between universality and particularity.

So what is the connection between universality and particularity? In Marx's materialist dialectics.

The dialectical relationship between the two is summarized into three aspects:

1) Universality exists in particularity.

Universality exists in particularity, which means that commonality exists in individuality and is expressed through individuality. Here we use an easy-to-understand example to explain: oranges, apples, and strawberries are all different varieties of fruits, individual, individual things, so they are special; Fruit, on the other hand, is a general concept, which is common and general, so it is universal.

At first, I didn't know what fruit tasted like, I was curious about the taste of fruit, so I went to taste oranges and found that oranges were sweet and sour; I tasted the apple again and found that it was malic acid.

sweet and sour; I tried strawberries again and found that they were sweet and sour. So I came to a conclusion: the taste of fruit is sweet and sour.

Then when we analyze this matter, we will find that the taste of all fruits is universal, so how can I know the taste of fruits? It can only be obtained by tasting a specific variety of fruit, and this specific variety of fruit is the particularity. The common characteristics abstractly summarized in particularity become universality.

So commonality exists in individuality and is expressed through individuality.

2) Particularity contains universality.

Particularity contains universality, that is, particularity is inseparable from universality. No matter how white a white horse is, it also has the common characteristics of horses, so it is also a horse. No matter how sour a lemon is, it has the common characteristics of fruits, so it is also a fruit.

Therefore, individuality is inseparable from commonality, that is, particularity contains universality.

3) Universality and particularity can be transformed into each other under certain conditions.

Under certain conditions, universality and particularity can be transformed into each other. For example, in the category of fruits, fruits are universal, and strawberries are particular, but if we talk about food.

The premise and basis for distinguishing and understanding things is the particularity of contradictions.

For the reason things are so different is that they each have their own special contradictions, which define the special nature of one thing from others.

It's like trying to distinguish between good and bad apples, both of which are apples and pre-judging fruits, and both have the characteristics that apples should have, which is equivalent to the universality of contradictions, and it is impossible to distinguish according to this. So you have to look at their respective characteristics, from the shape, taste, etc., and that's the particularity of each of them. This particularity is the basis for you to distinguish between good and bad in your district, and the basis for understanding them.

So why is the particularity of contradiction the basis for understanding things?

When we analyze the peculiarities of the characteristics of apples, we are not understanding them at a deep level. Therefore, the process of analyzing the contradictions and particularities of things is the process of understanding things.

Only by proceeding from reality and concretely analyzing the particularity of contradictions can we distinguish between things and understand the special laws governing the development of things. Without the concrete analysis of the particularity of contradictions, it is impossible to distinguish between things, and it is impossible to understand things correctly.

It is recommended to ask the teacher more after class, he will be more systematic and will take care of your actual situation, which is also special. Contradictions are everywhere, hehe.

Just be satisfied, it should be very specific and popular.

The universality and particularity of a thing are two different properties that are used to describe the position or characteristics of a thing in the whole.

Pervasiveness refers to the nature, characteristics, or laws that something has in common, and which applies to most or all of its members. When we say that something is universal, it means that it exists in multiple individuals, organizations, or systems, and that this existence is universal and universally applicable. For example, human beings go through a series of universal processes such as birth, growth, and aging, which are common to all human beings.

Particularity refers to the fact that something has a unique, distinctive nature, characteristic, or law. Particularity emphasizes the individuality, individuality, or uniqueness of things. It makes something stand out in the whole and has a unique value or status.

For example, everyone has their own unique personality, experiences, and interests, which is what makes each person special.

Understanding the universality and particularity of things can help us see things from different perspectives and better grasp their essence and characteristics. Universality allows us to understand the commonality and commonality of things, and helps us to establish basic knowledge and universal laws; Particularity, on the other hand, focuses on individual differences and uniqueness, triggering our thinking about diversity and innovation. On the basis of a comprehensive understanding of the universality and particularity of things, we are able to understand and deal with different things, situations and problems more comprehensively.

1. Snake Changwei is also a good example, which is enough to kill people, but it can still be made into valuable Chinese medicine to save people's lives.

Second, ** waste has long become the virtue of saving, which can also be seen that there are two sides to waste, one side is useless garbage, and the other is delicate and lovely handicrafts.

3. Nuclear energy can be used for war, it can kill people, and it can also benefit mankind, such as power generation.

Fourth, wind can help people generate electricity and play an important role in people's production and life. Of course, wind can also cause disasters, but it can be used by people as long as it is used wisely.

Fifth, some people use the Internet to study, make use of advanced educational resources, greatly improve their learning efficiency, their academic performance is getting better and better, and it is easier to integrate into society when they go out of school. This shows the two-sided nature of the network. There are also some people who use computers to play games, and the more they play, the more addicted they become, and even worse, they do not hesitate to steal and rob in order to play games in Internet cafes, and finally embark on the road of breaking the law and committing crimes.

First of all, it should be explained that the concept of struggle is different from particularity, and identity and universality are not the same concept.

Struggle means that two things are opposed, contradictory, and-for-tat. Identity refers to the fact that these two things are related to each other, and under certain conditions, each transforms (or transforms into each other) in opposite directions.

Because there is a concept of "transformation in opposite directions" in the definition of identity, it shows that there is a contradiction between these two things, and only two things that exist in contradiction can fight. Therefore, the fighting nature is the sameness.

The universality and particularity are relatively easy to understand.

For example, apples are sweet and lemons are sour, and their respective flavors are special. At the same time, however, they are all fruits. No matter what the taste is, it doesn't change that it's a fruit, "it's a fruit", and the nature of this joke is universality.

When two things are compared, they must be universal, and I cannot compare the taste of apples with leather shoes. Therefore, the particularity of a thing must be contained in the universality.

Universality refers to the ubiquity of contradictions, the presence of all the time, the commonality of things, the unconditional and absolute.

Particularity refers to the fact that contradictory things and their aspects have their own characteristics, are the individuality of things, are conditional, temporary, and therefore relative.

Advantages of universal goals:

1. It has a wide range of applications, and can be used in a wide range of fields and a variety of teaching situations.

2. It is conducive to teachers to be creative in actual teaching activities, that is, to carry out teaching activities flexibly and creatively according to the actual teaching situation.

Disadvantages of universal goals:

1. It will lead to arbitrariness, and the universal goal is too abstract and the level of generalization is too high, so it needs to be concretized in order to make it a direct guide for teaching activities. In the process of concretization, it is often influenced by the subjective factors of the person who performs the concretization, and the balance is absolutely arbitrary, specifically, after concretization, the original universal goal will be different according to the different people who perform the concretization, or even be distorted.

2. It is not easy to observe, because the universal goal is too abstract and unclear, so it is difficult to observe, judge and measure whether the teaching activities are carried out in accordance with the teaching objectives and whether the teaching activities have achieved the teaching goals. <>

The distinction between universality and particularity is interconnected.

1. The particularity and universality of contradictions are different from each other

It has its own content. The universality of contradiction means that contradiction is omnipresent and present, it is the commonality of things, it is unconditional and absolute. The particularity of contradiction refers to the fact that the contradictory thing and its various aspects have their own characteristics, which is the individuality of the thing, which is conditional, temporary, and therefore relative.

2. The particularity and universality of contradictions are interconnected

Everything in reality is the organic unity of particularity and universality, individuality and commonality. On the one hand, universality is inseparable from particularity: universality is contained in particularity, and there is no universality without particularity, and on the other hand, particularity must also exist in connection with universality, and things that only have particularity and individuality without universality and commonality do not exist.

3. The significance of the particularity and universality of contradictions

The commonality and individuality of contradictions, the truth of the absolute and the opposite of Yinhui, are the essence of the problem of contradictions. It is the inherent dialectic of objective things, and it is also a scientific method of understanding. The principle of unifying the universality and particularity of contradictions is the philosophical basis for persisting in integrating the universal principles of Marxism with the specific practice of various countries, and is also the philosophical basis for building socialism with Chinese characteristics.