Growing crops inevitably involves dealing with pests, so why are there more and more crop pests?

Many farmers have reported that crop diseases and pests seem to be getting more and more serious in recent years, and various diseases have been intersecting. On the one hand, the amount of fertilizer and pesticide inputs for crops has increased year by year, but the output has not increased; On the other hand, agricultural products are going all the way, and farmers' incomes are getting smaller and smaller.

Villagers with work experience know that crops grown on newly cultivated land do not need to apply too much fertilizer, and the crops will grow and develop very well, and at the same time, there will be fewer pests and diseases. With the change of cultivation time, the fertilizer efficiency of land resources will gradually decrease, and it is necessary to apply organic fertilizer to improve fertilizer efficiency.

In the past, people planted vegetables not without insects and insect control, but chose pest control methods. Commonly used is plant ash insect control, this kind of item, in the countryside used to make a fire to cook rice, burn the kang, there are many, can bring a certain practical effect of antibacterial and insect control. In the past, vegetable cultivation was to better meet the requirements of the family, but now many people in the countryside are large fruit growers, and the total area has expanded several times, and the more large-scale cluster planting, the easier it is to cause pests and diseases.

Since many pests and diseases are infectious, a disease of a vegetable or fruit is likely to cause a vegetable garden to be infected, so it is important to prevent it with pesticides.

Since the evolution of ancient legends, people began to use fire, and it is because they learned to use fire that people's culture has developed from the development trend. There is an idiom in China called: slash-and-burn farming, which is also the behavior of China's 5,000-year-old civilization and the survival habits of ordinary people.

After harvesting grain crops, the general village spreads the straw in the field, and then burns the detailed piece of land after harvesting, one is the embers after incineration treatment is an excellent fertilizer, and the other is that it can burn the weeds in the field, the eggs of small insects, virus infection, etc., the crops are ripe, the seeds of the weeds in the field are also ripe, and the small insects also lay eggs in the field, if they are not incinerated, the weeds in the field can only be more and more next year, and there will be more and more pests and diseases. This can be seen from the statistics of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer consumption over the years.

However, once a certain type of single-element fertilizer is applied to agricultural land for a long time, such as phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, etc., it will lead to imbalance and agglomeration of nutrients in the soil layer, resulting in crop immunity underground. For example, in order to better promote the growth and development of crops, some farmers will apply potassium fertilizer for a long time, resulting in overcapacity of zinc in crops and a lack of other elements such as calcium and boron. In addition, excessive application of fertilizer will continue to further aggravate the decline of agricultural land, so that the actual effect of topdressing on agricultural land in the future is even less significant.

The reason why there will be more and more crop pests is because of unreasonable fertilization for a long time, which causes a series of soil compaction, and people will reuse some chemical fertilizers, light use some organic fertilizers, and will not use some pesticides scientifically.

Because pesticides were sprayed to get rid of insects before, many insects now have a certain resistance to pesticides, and pesticides cannot kill them.

In fact, there have always been more pests in crops, but we have to call the corresponding pesticides to control its number.

Drugs used to control insect pests include pyridyl ether and ketone acetate. As for this drug, it can only be used twice a year at a time of 30 days apart, so as not to reduce the effectiveness of the drug.

It can strengthen the protection of crops, and can also better protect the soil, which can prevent the soil from being damaged by pesticides. It is also more effective for pest control and will not damage the soil. Insecticides can be used, disinfectants can be used, and herbicides can also be used.

Metarhizium aeruginosa is mainly based on contact killing, effective for a variety of pests underground, above ground, and do not have to worry about drug damage due to excessive medication, during the growth of crops, it can be used at any time, after the pests are killed by Metarhizium aeruginosis, the conidia produced on the carcass of the pest, can be spread in the field with the help of wind, water, etc., we commonly see the Scarab Rhizium dosage form generally, 200 million spores gram Metarhizium granules, 8 billion spores per milliliter can disperse oil suspension, 8 billion spore per gram of Metarhizium aeruginosa wettable powder, 10 billion grams of spore grams of oil suspension, 10 billion grams of metarhizium aeruginosa wettable powder and other dosage forms. Nicotinic insecticide thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam can be used for seed dressing, thiamethoxam has the effect of killing a variety of pests, can be used for underground pests, above-ground pests, have control effects, in thiamethoxam has systemic conduction, as well as permeability, but the fast-acting is not so strong, can be combined with high-efficiency cypermethrin, avermectin, improve the speed of eliminating pests, thiamethoxam has a relatively good mixing, therefore, the method used has diversity, can be mixed with a variety of insecticides, fungicides, mixed and used, for soil treatment, seed dressing, Root irrigation.

Imidacloprid, biological insecticides, Beauveria aeruginosa, nicotinic insecticides, 20% chlorofluoro-clothianidin microcapsule suspension, etc., all of which are more effective in controlling pests.

<>1. There is food suitable for pests in the crop, and there are fewer natural enemies of pests in the planting area. 2. The mode of production has changed the face of agricultural production, and the occurrence and development conditions of pests have also changed, and the results caused by development have significantly changed the types and degree of harm of pests. 3. The composition of modern crop products has changed significantly, which makes the food of pests change, and the change of pest food will affect the occurrence of pests.

4. After the upgrading of crop varieties, the food conditions for pests are different from the past, so it will inevitably affect the occurrence of pests.

1. Why are the harm of agricultural pests getting more and more serious?

1. The crops planted by farmers have food suitable for pests to eat, and there are fewer natural enemies of pests in the planting area.

2. The face of agricultural production has been changed by the new mode of production, the occurrence and development conditions of pests have also changed, and the results caused by development have also changed the types and degree of harm of pests.

3. Compared with the traditional society, the composition of modern crop products has changed significantly, and the change of crop nutrients means that the food of pests has also changed, and the change of pest food will affect the occurrence of pests.

4. After the upgrading of crop varieties, the value of agricultural products for human beings has changed, and the food conditions for pests have also undergone major changes, so it will inevitably affect the occurrence of pests.

5. Under the conditions of market economy, farmers carry out production activities in order to obtain profits from their own products, so market economy agriculture should implement specialized production, single management, and large-scale development, and the simplification of production will provide food for specific pests, which is conducive to the large-scale occurrence of pests.

6. The excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer leads to environmental pollution, soil quality is reduced, insufficient attention is paid to trace element fertilizer, and the application amount is insufficient, resulting in soil deficiency and aggravating pests and diseases.

Second, what is the general period of agricultural pest harm?

1. Agricultural pests are generally concentrated in spring, especially in late spring and early summer (May), which is the critical period for the growth of a variety of temperature-loving vegetables, fruit trees and field crops, and also the high incidence period of various pests and diseases.

2. The temperature gradually rises in spring, and the mites, thrips, aphids, whiteflies and other pests in the greenhouse will multiply rapidly, and these pests have the characteristics of high density, difficult to find, overlapping generations, and increasing resistance year by year, and it is easy to flood without doing a good job in prevention and control.

3. From March, aphids began to damage crops, reaching the peak of damage in the first half of the year from mid-April to early to mid-June, and the peak of damage in the second half of the year from late August to early November.

<> leaf-eating pests: like to eat tree and lawn leaves, and in severe cases, they will eat up the leaves, including lepidopteran possibs, spiny moths, large silkworm moths, inch moths, moths, etc.

Stinging and sucking pests: including aphids, scale insects, etc., although they are small, they are particularly numerous.

Eating pests: including lepidopteran psyllididae, permeatheridae, etc., not only cause the death of plants, but they also form insect tunnels in the xylem.

Underground pests: generally eat freshly sprouted seeds, including orthoptera mole crickets, crickets, lepidoptera tigers.

1. Leaf-eating pests

1. Most of the pests like to feed on trees and lawn leaves, and when they are rampant, they will eat up the leaves, weaken the tree, and provide suitable conditions for the invasion of stem borer pests such as longhorn beetle and small silverfish, which not only affects the normal growth of plants, but also reduces the beautification function and ornamental value of plants.

2. Such pests mainly include Lepidopteran marsupial moths, spiny moths, large silkworm moths, inch moths, moths, leaf moths, boat moths, American white moths, Acacia japonica moths, butterflies, leaf bees of Coleoptera, leaf bees of Hymenoptera, etc.

Second, stinging and sucking pests

1. Stinging and sucking pests are a relatively large group of garden plant pests, they are very small, and the damage will not be obvious in the early stage, and it is easy to be ignored, but the number is very large.

2. They often live in groups on young branches, leaves, buds, flower buds, and fruits, absorbing plant juice and robbing them of nutrients, resulting in curling of branches, leaves and flowers, and even the whole plant withering or dying.

3. At the same time, it will also induce coal pollution disease, and sometimes the pests themselves are the vectors of virus diseases, such pests mainly include aphids, scale insects, whiteflies, psyllids, leafhoppers, bugs, thrips, leaf mites, etc.

3. Eating pests

1. The life of moth-eating pests is very hidden, there are few types of natural enemies, and the individual adaptability is very strong, which is a kind of destructive pest of garden plants.

2. They mainly feed on tree branches with larvae, which will not only cause the destruction of the conduction tissue and cause plant death, but also form criss-crossing insect passages in the xylem and reduce the economic value of wood.

3. Such pests mainly include Lepidoptera, Psylloptera, Coleoptera, Giddingaceae, Weevil, Hymenoptera, Equipteran termites, etc.

Fourth, underground pests

1. Underground pests mainly inhabit the soil to feed on the young roots, young stems and leaf buds of freshly sprouted seeds and seedlings, which will bring great harm to seedlings, and in serious cases, there will be lack of seedlings and broken ridges.

2. There are many types of such pests, mainly including orthoptera mole crickets, crickets, lepidopteran tigers, coleoptera grubs, needleworms, diptera seed flies, etc.

Similar problems often occur, no matter what crops are planted, once rare pests and diseases are found, don't make your own decisions, first consult experienced old people, if they don't know what to do, you must report to the relevant departments in time, this is directly linked to your own interests, can not have the slightest sloppiness!

The above is the opinion, so what do you think should be done when you encounter this kind of problem? Share some of the ways you handle similar problems!

As we all know, sometimes because of the season or pests, many farmers have lost their harvest in a year, at this time they can ask the local ** for help, or they can go to the agricultural bureau to consult some remedies.

Müller lived at a time when the use of chemical pesticides had just begun. Prior to this, agricultural production had been ravaged by pests and diseases. In the 40s and 50s of the 19th century, there were many cases of potato blight and grape powdery mildew in Ireland and France, which caused farmers and fruit growers to suffer serious economic losses.

Agriculture is an important industry that provides food for humans. In the process of agricultural development, pests and diseases have always been a big problem that plagues the vast number of farmers. A history of agricultural development and prosperity is a history of human beings constantly defeating pests and diseases.

The Swiss chemist Paul Hermann Müller wrote a chapter in this history with his discovery of DDT, the world's first organic insecticide.

In recent years, some new characteristics have emerged in China's agricultural pests and diseases, which are manifested in the following aspects: First, the diseases and pests that have been talked about many times in the past have become the main pests and diseases of the present. For example, root-knot nematode disease was a minor disease in the past, but now it has become a major disease, and peanut gall insects, which were rarely seen in the past, have now become the main pests, and in some places, beetles have also become major pests.

The second is that small pests are becoming more and more rampant, and weakly parasitic diseases are becoming more and more serious. For example, in the past, aphids and whiteflies were minor pests, and peanut gall insects were rare, but now they are rampant; For example, the weakly parasitic yellow wilt is getting more and more serious, and even diseases caused by weaker parasitic pathogens have appeared, such as zucchini stem base rot has occurred seriously in recent years. Then there are physiological diseases that are getting worse and worse.

Such as zucchini's heart disease, celery's stem crack, tomato's gold rot, etc. The author believes that in addition to some other reasons, the main reason for the emergence of the above problems is that China's agricultural cultivation habits pay too much attention to the management of the aboveground part and ignore the management of the underground part. Let's analyze it, it is not difficult to see that the occurrence of each of the above pests and diseases is related to the underdevelopment of the root system of plants.

The aggravation of root-knot nematode disease is due to the large number of nematodes on the one hand, and the underdevelopment of plant roots on the other hand. The serious damage of peanut gall and beetle is mainly due to the lack of calcium in the formation stage of peanut husks, which provides delicious food for newly hatched pests with poor viability, which greatly improves their survival rate. Calcium deficiency is related to underdeveloped plant root systems. The damage of small pests is directly related to the thinning of the epidermal tissue of the plant, and the yellowness of aphids is the result of natural selection, because only those that have yellowing can survive; However, the epidermal tissue of the elongated plants is very loose, and the root-shoot ratio is out of balance.

Weak parasitic diseases and physiological diseases are related to nutrition, and nutrition and the root system of the plant is directly related, although chemical fertilizers solve the large number of elements required by plants, but the trace elements still rely on the huge root system to provide.