What are the effects of soil salinization in orchards?

In the process of fruit tree cultivation, factors such as long-term application of chemical fertilizers, unreasonable irrigation, and less and less soil organic matter content will lead to soil acidification or salinization, which will make soil aeration and permeability worse, reduce nutrient availability, and eventually lead to poor growth or normal growth of fruit trees. These are all problems that need to be solved urgently, so what are the targeted technical measures and rectification plans? Let's take a look at the hazards of soil acidification and salinization of fruit trees and corrective measures.

Due to the acidity of the soil, the organic matter in the soil increases, which can adsorb a large number of heavy metal ions, acidify the soil, and form insoluble heavy metals. Due to soil acidity, it can reduce the pH value of soil, improve soil acidification, promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and microorganisms, and ensure the stability of soil aggregate structure. At the same time, it can increase the buffering capacity of the soil and reduce the leaching loss of the soil.

Such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, etc., form water-insoluble precipitates on the surface, thereby increasing the permeable layer on the soil surface.

Due to the acidity of the soil, in acidic soils, the content of organic matter increases, and a large amount of organic matter is removed from the soil and oxidized to nitrogen and nitrate in the air, as well as other acidic substances. Due to the increased organic matter content of acidic soils, there is an increase in the presence of beneficial mineral elements in the soil, and these sediments are the basis for the preservation and improvement of the water, air and heat conditions of the soil.

The dissolution of iron, manganese and sulfide in the water body enhances the acidity of the soil, and the soil is acidic, which leads to the inhibition of plant growth, and in severe cases, it can cause plant death. Acidic soils are toxic to fruit trees. The acidic substances in the acidic soil can cause the respiratory tract of the fish to be eroded by the acidic solution, and in severe cases, the fruit trees can die.

In acidic soils, the presence of potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum and other ions in the soil is also greatly reduced, and the solubility of these ions in the soil is reduced. In acidic soils, the soil is acidic due to the leaching of these ions, which increases the concentration in the soil. That's all for this issue, thank you**.

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First of all, there may be a loss of nutrients in the soil, and secondly, it may cause water loss, soil compaction, and loss of fertility, and the gradual withering and even death of fruit trees.

The salinization of orchard soil will change the pH of orchard soil, so that the living environment of fruit trees will change, and fruit trees will be difficult to absorb nutrients, resulting in dwarf, poor growth and even death of fruit trees.

(1) Physical and geographical factors.

1.The arid climate is an important condition for the formation of saline-alkali soils.

The arid climate and strong evaporation in Xinjiang determine the water movement dominated by the upward flow of water in the soil, which causes the soluble salt of the soil to rise and accumulate on the surface of the soil, resulting in the general accumulation of salt in the soil. The high salt content of the strata and soil parent material also provides a salt source for the formation of saline-alkali soils.

2.The closed geomorphological and hydrological characteristics are the strengthening factors for the formation of saline-alkali soils.

Most of Xinjiang's rivers are inland rivers surrounded by high mountains, and they all end up in the low-lying areas in the center of the basin, so that salt is constantly collected in the basin.

3.Surface and subsurface runoff are the main driving forces for the formation of saline-alkali soils.

Surface and underground runoff flows through the saline highland layer, dissolves and carries a large amount of salt, causing the soil salinization in the flowing area or the accumulation of salt in the surface layer of the soil through strong evaporation, forming a large area of saline soil.

4.Halophytes are a contributing factor to the formation of saline-alkali soils.

Its roots absorb water and nutrients while bringing salt from deep soil or groundwater into the body, and when the residue decomposes and scatters, the salt accumulates in the topsoil.

2) Human factors.

The rise of groundwater level caused by improper irrigation is the root cause of secondary salinization of oasis soil.

1) The groundwater level rises due to large leakage from canals and plain reservoirs and the use of flood irrigation for farmland irrigation.

2) Heavy irrigation and light drainage, the drainage outlet is not smooth, so that the groundwater level is difficult to lower.

3) Irrigation from the top to the bottom, and the deterioration of water quality enters the farmland. The upstream drainage is discharged into the nearby river, and the downstream irrigation is redirected, so that the salt is brought back into the farmland.

In the northern region, many people have orchards at home, but sometimes because the orchard is too old, there will always be the problem of soil agglomeration, so people have a question about how to improve the saline-alkali soil of the orchard, let's take a look.

1. Stop fertilizing. The main reason for the salinity of the orchard soil is the long-term unreasonable application of a large amount of chemical fertilizer, and the use of any fertilizer should be stopped immediately to prevent aggravating soil salinization.

2. Use rotted straw. If the orchard soil is salinized, a large number of fully decomposed crop straws should be used, and deep ploughing should be carried out to improve soil permeability and improve the respiration of fruit tree roots.

3. Use plant ash. Sprinkle large amounts of plant ash or furnace ash in the orchard and then plough it. It can also improve the soil structure and prevent soil compaction.

1. Causing problems in orchard soil, in general, is basically the long-term use of excessive chemical fertilizer, the lack of organic fertilizer in the soil, the traditional management of fertilizer and sprinkling, in the case of insufficient water, the fertilizer effect can not be diluted and dissolved into soil absorption, and the inferior filler remains in the soil, which causes soil compaction and acidification, and the root system cannot absorb nutrients and the root growth is hindered, which directly affects the growth of fruit trees.

2. Improving the soil is not something that can be improved overnight, try to avoid reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, apply more organic fertilizers, change the traditional management methods of teaching fertilizer and sprinkling, and implement the integrated management of water and fertilizer.

3. The orchard soil is deeply turned, diluted and dissolved with compound fertilizer with high nitrogen content, mixed and fermented into slurry or liquid organic fertilizer, and the appropriate amount of water is sprinkled on the soil mixed with deep turning, so that the fertilizer effect can be mixed into the soil as soon as possible, and the soil can be slowly improved after repeated use.

The answer to why the orchard's soil should be improved is simple. Good soil conditions are the basis for high-quality and abundant yield of fruit trees, poor soil, low nutrient content, and soil water, air and heat conditions are not coordinated, and poor soil biological conditions are not conducive to the growth of fruit trees. At present, the best way is to increase the application of farm fertilizer, or biological fertilizer, to improve soil aeration, increase organic matter, and release nitrogen, phosphorus, octine, potassium, iron and other elements.

Changing the soil can be an option, which may reduce the survival rate of crops. There will be a lot of bugs to bite these crops. Let crops be malnourished. Doesn't look good. There was no harvest.

It may affect more development, it will also affect the yield of crops, it will affect the growth process of crops, it may lead to the death of crops, and it will also lead to the occurrence of some diseases.

It will cause crops to be affected, it will cause crops to not develop normally, it may cause crops to be burned to death, and it will also cause the soil to be too acidic and alkaline, which will lead to the death of crops.

The causes of soil salinization are: the influence of climate, the influence of temperature, the influence of water level, the influence of vegetation and the influence of topography.

1. The impact of climate. The dryness of the climate and the ratio of ground evaporation to precipitation are closely related to soil salinization, and soil freezing exacerbates the process of soil salinization.

2. The influence of temperature. Under the influence of the geothermal gradient, soil water moves from the bottom to the freezing front, and the salinity migrates upward. When the local temperature gradient is large or the groundwater level is high, the migration of water and salinity increases, and when the soil contains salt, the freezing depth decreases correspondingly, the water and salt are lifted close to the surface, and the soil salinization enters the gestation and destruction period.

3. The influence of water level. Surface and groundwater runoff and water quality directly affect soil salinity.

4. The influence of vegetation. Meadow plants and desert plants grow in arid and semi-arid areas, halophytes have a salt content of up to 10% to 45%, absorb water and salt from the bottom through a strong root system, and retain the ground in the form of fibrids, and the calcium and sodium salts formed by the decomposition of plant debris are returned to the soil, which plays a role in contributing to the salt evolution of the soil.

5. The influence of terrain. The topography and landform directly affect the runoff of surface water and groundwater, and the degree of soil salinization gradually increases with the topography from high to low and from upstream to downstream.

Question 1: High School Geography What are the causes and measures of land salinization Land salinization is a soil degradation phenomenon caused by the enrichment of groundwater with groundwater under the action of soil capillary force. There are two reasons for this:

One is that the weather or climate is dry, and the other is that the groundwater level is relatively high. Its treatment measures are mainly to dredge ditches, lower groundwater levels, and timely drainage and irrigation (salt washing). Deep mulching can also improve soil properties in the short term.

Question 2: What is the cause, distribution, and prevention of soil salinization? Protect against acid rain.

Question 3: Causes of land salinization 30 points Causes of land salinization: (1) In arid areas, flood irrigation or irrigation without drainage will lead to a rise in groundwater level.

When the groundwater level rises, the salt in the ground is brought to the surface, and the water evaporates under the strong sunlight, and the salt remains on the surface, so that the salt in the surface soil increases, and salinization occurs;

2) In coastal areas, long-term overexploitation of groundwater leads to seawater intrusion and deterioration of groundwater quality. In addition, the groundwater level rises with irrational irrigation, and the salinity rises with the salinity, and the land becomes salinized;

3) In some arid areas, people in the upper reaches of rivers divert a large amount of water for irrigation, which reduces the amount of water flowing downstream of rivers and the amount of water entering the sea, and seawater backflow leads to soil salinization in coastal deltas, such as the Nile Delta;

4) In the relatively closed estuarine area, when the river enters the dry period, the low water level of the estuary and the salty tide form upstream, resulting in the salinization of the land on both sides of the river.

Problem 4: Causes of soil salinization in the Hexi Corridor.

Question 5: What is the mechanism of soil salinization harming crops The harm of salt to crop growth is mainly in two aspects:

The first is the high salt osmosis, which affects the absorption of water by crops.

The second is single salt toxicity, which will also affect the structure of the soil, and soil microorganisms will indirectly affect the growth of crops.

Soil salinization (soil salinization) refers to the natural geological process in which salt accumulates on the surface of the soil to form saline soil. Saline soil is formed under certain natural conditions such as climate, topography, land, hydrogeology, etc. Human activities, historical floods, floods, and droughts, river changes, and technical measures for land use, agriculture, and water conservancy have a significant impact on the occurrence and development of soil salinization.

Generally, the soil with greater soluble salt content than the thickness of the soil layer m is called saline soil. Soil salinization is divided into two types: salinization and alkalinization, so it is also called soil salinization. When the content of neutral salt in the surface layer of the soil is exceeded, it is called saline soil (saline soil); Saline soils dominated by carbonates and have a large content of substitute sodium in the soil are often called alkaline soil (alkaline soil).

Soil salinization occurs mainly in arid and semi-arid areas. Soil salinization can occur if the drainage conditions are poor or lack of proper drainage measures, irrigation management is not properly managed, excessive water diversion is diverted, and irrigation water leakage causes the groundwater level to rise and evaporate strongly. Soil salinization due to improper irrigation management (anthropogenic causes) is called secondary salinization.

Saline soils produced due to human influence are called secondary saline soils.

The cause of soil salinization is that soil salinization refers to the soil salt content being too high (exceeding.

and make crops low or unable to grow. There are two conditions for the formation of saline-alkali soil: first, the climate is arid and the groundwater level is high (above the critical water level); The other is low-lying and there is no way to drain the water.

Groundwater contains a certain amount of salt, such as its surface is close to the ground, and the area is relatively arid.

When the water that rises to the surface evaporates due to capillary action, it leaves behind salt: over time, the salt content of the soil gradually increases, forming saline-alkali soil; If it is a depression and there is no drainage outlet, the water in the depression will evaporate, leaving salt and forming a saline-alkali land.

Distribution of salinized land

China's salinized land is mainly distributed in the North China Plain, the Northeast Plain, the northwest inland area and the coastal area, and the measures to control the saline-alkali land include water conservancy improvement measures (irrigation, drainage, dredging, rice planting, seepage prevention, etc.); Agricultural improvement measures (land leveling, improved tillage, soil application, fertilization, sowing, crop rotation, intercropping, etc.).

biological improvement measures (planting salt-tolerant plants and pastures, green manure, afforestation, etc.); and chemical improvement measures (application of improved substances such as gypsum, phosphogypsum, calcium sulfite, etc.). Four aspects. Since each measure has a certain scope of application and conditions, it is necessary to adapt measures to local conditions and comprehensively deal with them.

Saline-alkali land is expected to become an "oasis", and Chinese scientists have successfully cloned a salt-tolerant gene.