Please analyze the retreat and seclusion, urgent!

Closing oneself to the outside world refers to a national policy of closing oneself and not having contact with the outside world, which is a typical isolationism. Strictly restrict foreign economic, cultural, and scientific exchanges. It is determined that it was implemented in the early Qing Dynasty of China"Retreat"or"Closed off the country"The policy perspective stemmed from the British merchants who tried to sell their goods, especially opium, to China at the time.

The "seclusion and seclusion" is now a variety of restrictive policies for overseas, the most serious of which is the sea ban, followed by a customs clearance, and other restrictive policies. Judging from the official edict of the Ming Dynasty, the sea ban was the basic national policy of the Ming Dynasty, and if we look at the standard of "no prohibition is openness", only the Hongwu, Yongle and Jiajing periods and other individual periods have constantly reaffirmed the sea ban.

During the Jiajing period, the sea ban was only enforced for more than ten years, and the Portuguese were still allowed to pass through Macao**. By the first year of Longqing (1567), not only was there no prohibition at all in remote ports, but there were also many people entering and leaving the customs ports privately, and Zhejiang was even more relaxed than the open and forbidden Yue Port.

Since then, other ports have also been opened one after another, and indirect ** can not be banned at all, and direct ** to Japan is also quite active, in fact, it has been a full opening of the sea.

If there are prohibited goods sold to other countries, and those who collaborate with Zheng Chenggong or manufacture ships to sell to other countries, those who disobey will be handed over to the Criminal Department for punishment according to the law.

The Qing Dynasty's sea ban campaign began in the twelfth year of Shunzhi (1655) and ended in the twenty-third year of Kangxi (1684).

In fact, the Qing Dynasty's comprehensive sea ban was not very long, although from 1757 onwards the implementation of the "one mouth trade" policy and the control of the sea, but did not completely seal the sea port, so the Qing Dynasty's initiative to close the country is part of the door open.

Closed: Closed. Off: Gateway. Lock: Blocked. Seal the border and close the border. It refers to the blockade of the country's borders and the refusal of trade with foreign countries.

Zhou Yi Fu": Fu, the first king and the day of retreat, business travel does not nuclear eggplant, and then does not province. A national policy of closing oneself to oneself and not having contact with the outside world, a typical protectionism. Strictly restrict the country's foreign economic, cultural, scientific, and other exchanges in the field of reform and inspection.

The consequences of closing the country to the outside world: 1. Closing the country and closing the country unconsciously restricts the development of China's foreign affairs and industry and commerce, and makes China's capitalism.

Germination is restricted. 2. Closing the country to the outside world deepens the idea of arrogance of the rulers. Third, it has obstructed exchanges between Chinese and foreign civilizations. So that the modern science and leading skills of the West cannot be transmitted to our country. In the Qing Dynasty, the way to select talents in China was the imperial examination system.

1. The policy of closing the country was put forward by the joint effect of multiple emperors, and it was not specified who proposed the policy of closing the country to the outside world.

In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661), the sea was banned, and the twenty-second year of Kangxi was opened, which lasted 23 years.

Kangxi was banned in the 56th year, and Yongzheng was opened and closed in 55 years, which lasted 10 years.

In the twenty-second year of Qianlong (1757), a complete retreat began.

2. The period of the implementation of the closed country: the Qing Dynasty.

In 1723 (the first year of Yongzheng), due to the fierce dispute with the Holy See over Chinese etiquette, Emperor Yongzheng banned Catholicism, did not allow foreign missionaries to enter China to preach, and restricted **, which was regarded as the beginning of the closure of the country.

In the early years of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, the Qing court followed the rules of the Ming Dynasty for foreign merchant ships that came to China, and was not allowed to enter Guangzhou, but was only allowed to trade in Macao. Subsequently, due to the existence of Zheng Chenggong's anti-Qing forces in the southeast sea, the Qing court became more and more forbidden to go to sea.

Retreat, that is, the sea ban was first proposed and the Hongwu period The early Ming Dynasty official did not implement it on a large scale There are still many official ** In the middle period, the Ming court began to strictly ban the sea During the Longqing period, the Ming court completely opened the sea ban in the east and west oceans Longqing switch During the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, out of the need to stabilize the country and eliminate the resistance forces of the Southern Ming Dynasty, the sea ban was again reaffirmed during the Kangxi period in order to recover Taiwan and the coastal residents were relocated After that, it was opened for a time Kangxi 51 years of the sea ban again Yongzheng opened the establishment of five major ** ports and allowed the civil official ** After Qianlong ascended the throne The sea ban was imposed again, and the **port was closed only in Guangzhou, and the thirteen lines were set up to replace the official and foreigners** to act as intermediaries, and after that, the official stopped all opportunities to contact foreigners, and the thirteen lines of merchants became the place of uploading and distributing until after the Opium War, which was abolished, and this was the retreat, and the resulting retreat and closed the country.

The Qing rulers' desire to maintain totalitarian rule was the fundamental reason for "closing the country to the outside world".

1. The fundamental purpose of the Qing Dynasty's retreat policy was to maintain the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty, mainly to isolate the people of the mainland from the anti-Qing forces of the Zheng clan in Taiwan, and to prevent the people from gathering at sea.

2. In the later stage, it focused on the prevention and prohibition of "intertwining of the people and the people", and strictly restricted foreign businessmen in the form of rules and regulations. Guard against Western colonialists.

3. Proceeding from national defense and security, prevent the alliance of Chinese and foreign anti-Qing forces and the infiltration of Western colonial forces, so as to prevent spies from stealing domestic materials.

4. The Qing Dynasty was too blind and arrogant about its own economic and political strength. During the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty, it was economically self-sufficient, did not rely on it, and at the same time resisted foreign goods. Retreat protects the local economy from outside influences.

Positive Impact: To a certain extent, rampant maritime smuggling and piracy have been combated and restricted, and the stability of coastal areas has been positively affected. It played a certain role in self-defense against the aggressive activities of Western colonialists.

Negative impact: Cutting China off from the rest of the world and seriously hindering the budding development of capitalism. It has derailed China from the world and slowly fallen behind the world.

Culturally, economically, and scientifically, it is impossible to integrate with the world, and it is difficult to develop various advanced technological ideas, and the phenomenon of imperial twilight is presented as a whole. It is the fundamental reason for the backwardness and beating of modern China. Reducing the opportunity to contact with the outside world hinders the country's economic development and completely loses the initiative with foreign countries, blocks scientific, technological, and cultural exchanges with foreign countries, and even hinders the development of productive forces and social progress, and restricts the development of foreign countries and navigation.

1 The predominance of the self-sufficient feudal system led the Qing rulers to think that they were powerful and did not need to engage in economic exchanges with foreign countries.

2. The Qing Dynasty was worried that the territorial sovereignty of the country would be violated by foreign countries, and that the interaction between the coastal people and foreigners would endanger its rule.

1 The rulers of the Qing Dynasty believed that the Qing Dynasty was rich in products and goods, and that there was no need for contact with other countries.

2 Due to the opening of new shipping routes, the Qing rulers feared becoming colonies of Western countries.

1.The Qing rulers were based on the idea of agriculture.

2.Self-sufficient feudal economy.

3.At that time, the Western colonizers expanded their power to the East.

The reason for the ban on the sea and the closure of the country.

First, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty adhered to the traditional concept of agriculture and implemented the policy of "emphasizing the basics and suppressing the last".

Second: Because of the stability of the self-sufficient feudal economy, the rulers did not see the need for economic exchanges with foreign countries. (Root Cause).

Thirdly, at that time, the Western colonizers were expanding their influence to the East, and the rulers feared that the invasion and the interaction of the coastal peoples with foreigners would endanger their rule.