Textbooks related to welding technology, basic skills of welders

Welding textbooks include: "Welding Technology", "Welding", "Modern Welding", "Journal of Welding Science" and so on.

In our country, welding operations need to be licensed, welders are the type of work that belongs to the access category, in the professional qualifications of skilled personnel, only five of the 81 types of work in the access category, welders are one of them, and the actual situation is that most of the industry practitioners are unlicensed operations. With the continuous standardization of technology and the relevant requirements of the industry, more and more people want to take a welding certificate, the advantage of the certificate is still very large, first of all, the salary of the certificate and the non-certificate are very different, often able to reach more than double or higher level. Therefore, the issue of short-term welder training has naturally become a concern for practitioners.

Welding as an industrial "tailor" is a very important means of processing in industrial production, the quality of welding plays a decisive role in the quality of the product, so, what is the future development of welding technology?

Industry outlook. With the development of production, welding is widely used in aerospace, aviation, nuclear industry, shipbuilding, construction and machinery manufacturing and other industrial sectors, in China's economic development, welding technology is an indispensable means of processing. After entering the 21st century, welding is an important part of the manufacturing industry, and the rapid development, so it has brought unprecedented development opportunities to the welding industry.

At present, China consumes 300 million tons of steel every year (about tons of welded structure), and needs about 750,000 welding machines, and the welding industry will continue to grow in the next 8 10 years.

The basic skills of welders are as follows. The basic skills of welders are as follows:

1. Common welding methods (fusion welding; Pressure welding and brazing).

2. Manual arc welding, gas welding and gas cutting, argon arc welding, CO2 gas shielded welding.

3. The type of welding rod is selected and concealed, the type and use of welding equipment, and the form of welding joint.

4. The formation principle of welds.

5. Selection of welding position (flat welding, vertical welding, horizontal welding, vertical welding) and welding process parameters (welding current, arc missing pants voltage, welding polarity, welding speed, etc.), weld layout and weldment structure, gas welding process and cutting over-volt short process, gas welding and gas cutting of commonly used metal materials, argon arc welding principle, equipment use and welding technology.

6. Welding deformation and stress generation and prevention methods.

7. Causes and prevention measures of common welding defects.

8. Welding inspection.

9. Safety regulations for electric welding and gas welding.

10. Understand the welding characteristics and operation points of cast iron, copper, aluminum, titanium and other metals.

<>1. Flat welding. 1) At the beginning, the inclination angle increases appropriately, and decreases accordingly when the temperature increases;

2) The angle between the electrode and the torch is kept at about 90°;

3) The electrode is always immersed in the molten pool, and the molten pool is constantly stirred;

4) When welding thin parts, the welding wire can move up and down;

5) At the end, the welding torch is slowly lifted to reduce the tail melting and noise cover pool.

6) The linear speed of the electrode should not be too slow, otherwise it is easy to cause the slag to be too thick, and the molten pool cannot be seen clearly, which is difficult to operate.

2. Vertical welding. 1) Welding should be carried out with a flame with a small current;

2) Strictly control the temperature of the melt pool, the melt pool area should not be too large, and the melt pool depth should also be small. The welding current should be 10 to 15% less than that of flat welding.

3) The welding torch should be tilted upward along the welding direction at a certain angle, generally keeping 60° to 80° with the weldment;

4) In order to control the temperature of the molten pool, the welding torch moves up and down at any time to make the molten pool have the opportunity to cool down and ensure that the molten pool is properly heated

5) The operation method of transverse swing and arc extinguishing of semi-circular arc can be used.

3. Horizontal welding. 1) Adopt a small current to control the temperature of the melt pool;

2) The thin parts are welded by the left welding method. However, the torch should also be tilted upwards so that the flame airflow is directly towards the weld, and the pressure of the airflow is used to prevent the molten metal from flowing out of the molten pool;

3) When welding, the welding torch generally does not swing laterally, but when welding thicker weldments, it can make a small oblique annular movement.

4. Upright welding. 1) Welding with a flame with a small energy rate;

2) During operation, the fusion of the roots on both sides of the groove should be strictly ensured, the size and temperature of the molten pool should be strictly controlled, and the liquid metal should always be in a viscous state to prevent it from falling;

3) The groove angle should be slightly larger than that of flat welding to ensure convenient operation, pay attention to the operation of the collision posture, pay attention to metal splashing and falling liquid metal burns.

4) When welding the first layer of the upward welding weld with bevel, the electrode is at an angle of 90° to both sides of the bevel. At an angle of 70 to 80 ° with the welding direction, use the shortest arc to push and pull back and forth, and the molten pool should be thin but not thick, and ensure good fusion with the base metal. When the temperature of the molten pool is too high, the arc can be lifted to reduce the temperature slightly, and when the remaining layers are welded, the electrode swings horizontally and stabilizes the arc on both sides.

Electric welding technology is an operation method that uses welding materials (electrodes or wires) to connect two or more pieces of base metal (workpiece to be welded) into a whole under high temperature or high pressure conditions. Welding has a wide range of applications and can be used for both metals and non-metals.

The learning content generally includes: welding protection and safety, welding copper brazing, manual arc welding, carbon dioxide gas shielded welding, gas cutting and plasma cutting, etc.;

Learning Style: Subject-based teaching; practical training; Pure skill refinement; Small class group teaching and training;

Employment direction: technical direction, management direction, and business direction to develop into welding experts, technicians, etc.

Welding technology is pure skills learning, focusing on practical hands-on operation, when choosing a school, you can be compared from the following aspects:

First of all, the well-equipped school is good, the requirements for the equipment of the second welding technology are relatively high, the electrical welding major is divided into many types, and the corresponding equipment is also divided into many types, we must learn the electrical welding major, and have a detailed understanding and operation experience for each equipment.

Secondly, the school with many practical training courses is good, and unlike traditional education, electrical welding is a professional that pays attention to practical training, and it is difficult to master the essence of technology with simple theoretical courses or courses with many theories. To learn electrical welding, you must go through a lot of practical training to get started. Therefore, when looking for a school, you should also look for a school with a lot of practical training.

Thirdly, the school with a high pass rate needs to be certified to learn electrical welding, and the school with a high pass rate indicates that the comprehensive strength of the school is relatively strong.

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The basic teaching of welder training is a book published by Yankuan of China Electric Power Press in 2002, and the author is a member of the power station welding and disturbance professional committee of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering.

Preface Preface Chapter 1 Overview Section 1 Application of Welding and Its Advantages Section 2 Definition and Classification of Welding Review Questions Chapter 2 Basic Knowledge of Metal Materials Section 1 Definition and Classification of Metal Materials Section 2 Properties of Metals Section 3 Carbon Steel Section 4 Ordinary Low Alloy Steel Review Questions Chapter 3 Welding Equipment and Tools Section 1 Basic Knowledge of Electricity Section 2 Commonly Used Machinery and Tools for Manual Arc Welding Section 3 Common Tools for Manual Gas Welding Review Questions Chapter 4 Welding Materials Section 1 Welding Rods and Welding Wires Section 2 Common Gases Review Questions Chapter 5 Basic Knowledge of Welding Section 1 Manual Arc Welding Section 2 Manual Gas Welding Review Questions Chapter 6 Welding Process Vertical Rotten Rent Section 1 Welding Joint Type Section 2 Manual Arc Welding Process Section 2 Manual Gas Welding Process Review Questions Chapter 7 Welding Stress and Deformation Section 1 Causes of Welding Stress and Deformation Section 2 Methods for Reducing Welding Residual Stress Section 3 Methods for Eliminating Welding Residual Deformation Review Questions Chapter 8 Welding Defects and Quality Inspection Section 1 Welding Defects Section 2 Inspection of Welding Quality Review Questions Chapter 9 Gas Cutting Section 1 Definition and Classification of Gas Cutting Section 2 Gas Cutting Process and Conditions Section 3 Gas Cutting Process Review Questions Chapter 10 Welding Safety Technology Chapter 11 Composition and Production Process of Thermal Power Plants Chapter 12 Welding Identification Chart Appendix 1 Chinese Alphabet Pinyin Table Appendix 2 Greek Alphabet Appendix 3 Prefixes used to form decimal multiples and fractional units Appendix 4 Common Legal Units of Measurement Appendix 5 Conversion Table of Common Units Appendix VI Names, Symbols and Units of Common Quantities Appendix VII Symbols of Commonly Used Chemical Elements Appendix VIII Chemical Composition and Performance of Commonly Used Steel in Power Plants Appendix 9 Main Technical Data of Electric Welding Machine Appendix 10 Types, Names and Functions of Raw Materials for Welding Electrode Coating Appendix 11 Tensile Strength Grades of Weld Metal Appendix 12 Types, Current Types and Welding Locations of Welding Electrodes Appendix 13 Types, Main Components and Process Properties of Carbon Steel Electrode Coating Appendix 14 Chemical Composition and Mechanical Properties of Commonly Used Welding Rods and Wires Afterword.