Why are the Chinese of all countries Tang people?

The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of the development of land transportation to foreign countries, and it was also an era in which sea transportation made great progress and replaced the position of land transportation in foreign exchanges. Due to the influence of the Tang Dynasty on overseas, during the Song Dynasty, the southeastern overseas states even referred to the areas of China under the jurisdiction of the Song Dynasty as "Tang" in their dealings with the Song court[1]. From the Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, overseas, especially in Southeast Asia, China or things related to China have always been referred to as "Tang".

Not only is "Tang" used as a synonym for the land of "China"[2], but the Chinese are called "Tang people"[3], the Chinese surname is "Tang surname"[4], Chinese clothing is "Tang Yi"[5], Chinese merchant ships are called "Tang ships" or "Tang ships"[6], and Chinese goods obtained from resale on ships are called "Tang goods"[7]. Most notably, the modern Chinese language was also referred to as "Tang language" by overseas countries in the Song Dynasty[8]. Chinese stay overseas for a year and do not return, which is called "living in Tibet"; Foreigners who do not return to China for more than a year are called "living in Tang" [9].

To this day, some overseas Chinese still call themselves "Tang people", and the settlement of Chinese in overseas cities is called "Chinatown", while overseas Chinese call their motherland "Tangshan". It has lasted for thousands of years, and it has been endless. The influence of the Tang Dynasty overseas can be seen here, and this influence is inseparable from the Tang Dynasty's developed sea routes.

China was in its heyday during the Tang Dynasty, and its material culture spread to foreign countries in a large way.

This situation also occurred during the Han Dynasty, so foreigners are called Han people in addition to Chinese Tang people.

The Tang Dynasty was a time when China's national strength was strong, and the Tang Dynasty cultural circle formed during this period was also far-reaching, with frequent foreign cultural exchanges. And at this time, Tang Sancai was popular, and China was its translated name. In a word:

At that time, it was in a leading position in the world in terms of politics, economy, and culture, and had a great influence on the outside world, so it was inherited.

It should be that after the birth of China's Tang Sancai, Chinese culture spread abroad.

At that time, it was in a leading position in the world in terms of politics, economy, and culture, and had a great influence on the outside world.

The Tang people refer to the Tang people, who were unprecedentedly powerful and influential overseas during the Tang Dynasty, and called the Chinese at that time Tang people.

The Tang name is especially commonly used in Cantonese-speaking Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macau, and immigrants. Chinatown is the Cantonese word for the neighborhood where the Tang people live, and this name is commonly used by overseas Chinese. Some countries, such as Japan, still refer to the Chinese as Tang people until modern times.

It is precisely because the Tang Dynasty is a representative and powerful dynasty in Chinese history that it is also related to the degree of cultural openness of the Tang Dynasty at that time and its frequent exchanges with foreign countries. And this Tang name became popular after the middle of the 19th century.

After the 20th century, although the title is generally not as commonly used by Chinese and Chinese, it is still found in place names in various countries, such as Chinatown (China town: Chinatown). In addition, overseas Chinese are accustomed to Chinese mainland as Tang.

The Tang Dynasty was one of the most prosperous and powerful dynasties in ancient China. Starting from the Zhenguan of Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, he expanded the territory and opened the borders, and shocked the countries of Central Asia, West Asia and the South China Sea. Ethnic minorities in the northwest region called Tang Taizong "Heavenly Khan.""。

The prosperity of martial arts can be imagined. By the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the national prestige was even more prosperous, and countries near and far sent people to "visit". Since then, overseas people have used the word "Tang" to everything about China, such as calling Chinese "Tangren", calling Chinese characters "Tang characters", calling China "Tangshan", and so on.

After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, due to the influence of the Tang Dynasty on the world economy and culture, foreigners' habits of calling Chinese "Tang people" remained unchanged, from the Song and Yuan dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties. "History of the Ming Dynasty: The Biography of Zhenla" said: "The Tang people, Zhufan is also called the Chinese, and all overseas countries are the same. The older generation of overseas Chinese still like to call themselves "Tang people" and call China "Tangshan", and as for the place where overseas Chinese live in "Chinatown", this is almost known to the whole world.

During the Tang Dynasty, there were foreigners everywhere, they generally came from Japan, the Korean Peninsula and Southeast Asia, and some even came from AfricaI think everyone must have heard of the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty, and the embodiment of the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty is not only in the culture and economy, but also in its inclusiveness, in fact, this phenomenon can be said to be very rare in ancient times, because in ancient times it belonged to the feudal society, and it has always been in a state of seclusion, but in the Tang Dynasty it ushered in a new reform.

At that time, the Tang Dynasty could be said to be full of foreigners, even Africans were everywhere, this phenomenon could not be compared with any dynasty, and some of these foreigners came to the Tang Dynasty to be officials, some came to the Tang Dynasty to do business, and some came to carry out cultural exchangesFor example, during the Tang Dynasty, Japan would regularly send a large number of envoys to the Tang Dynasty, in fact, in order to learn the culture of the Tang Dynasty, Japan was very admiring the culture of the Tang Dynasty, so every year Japan would select some better people to envoy to the Tang Dynasty, and the tax rate of the Tang Dynasty at that time was relatively low.

Therefore, it also attracted a large number of foreigners to come to the Tang Dynasty to do business, because the economy is developed here, the population is large, and the tax rate is low, the Tang Dynasty can be said to be the best choice for doing business, but unfortunately the cultural relics left by the Tang Dynasty are not very many, so prosperous but failed to leave footprints, which can not help but make people feel a little regretfulHowever, in Japan, there are many cultural relics of the Tang Dynasty, and the preservation is very exquisite, and it is also very valuable, which is the cultural relics were brought back by the Japanese who sent the Tang Dynasty at that time, from which we can also see the yearning of other countries for the Tang Dynasty at that time.

In fact, it is understandable that there were Japanese, Koreans, and Southeast Asians during the Tang Dynasty, because they were all Asians, but it is somewhat surprising that there are still Africans, and there are not a few.

Mainly from some East Asian countries, because the Tang Dynasty was at its peak at that time, other countries sent people to communicate with the Tang Dynasty more and learn more, so as to improve the strength of their own countries.

They are generally from Japan, Korea and Southeast Asia. During the Tang Dynasty, the economy was prosperous and the people were open. The standard of living of the people is relatively high. At that time, the economic and cultural level of the Tang Dynasty was at the forefront of the world. The Tang Dynasty also welcomed friends from all over the world to come here to learn and exchange experiences.

Because the Tang Dynasty has always adhered to an inclusive and open attitude to accept the cultural spread of all foreign nationalities, naturally there were cultural communicators from all over the world to come to the Tang Dynasty for cultural exchanges, because the Tang Dynasty's capital Chang'an (Xi'an) at that time personnel and trade flow was mainly through the Silk Road through the Western Regions, so the foreigners during the Tang Dynasty were mainly from the Western Regions and Arab countries.

At that time, there were Japanese, British, etc., who came to the Tang Dynasty to learn advanced cultural systems, etiquette and customs, and economic development models.

The Tang Dynasty lasted from 681 to 907, more than 200 years, when the United States was still in the New World of North America, which was dominated by Indians, and the United States was founded on July 4, 1776, so when China was in the Tang Dynasty, the United States was not yet established.

After the Germans destroyed the Western Roman Empire, large and small countries were established on its ruins, and then there was a country called the Frankish Kingdom gradually became stronger, in 768 AD, Charles ascended the throne, he sent troops to the east and west, and expanded the territory a lot, the territory of the Frankish Kingdom at this time included the current France, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Italy and other countries.

At the beginning of the seventh century, the Arabian Peninsula was home to a number of warring states, each with its own religion and fighting against each other, and the local people longed for unity. Later, Muhammad created Islam, which called on people to renounce their religion and believe in Allah. This offended the interests of the nobility, so Muhammad was forced to leave Mecca in 622 AD and go to Medina to spread Islam and develop his own power, and in 630 AD he led an army back to Mecca and won victory.

At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the world rose together, and in 617, Li Yuan, the Duke of Tang Dynasty, raised troops in Jinyang, and the following year he was proclaimed emperor in Chang'an to establish the Tang Dynasty. After Tang Taizong succeeded to the throne, he created the "rule of Zhenguan". Tang Gaozong inherited the legacy of Zhenguan and created the "rule of Yonghui".

In 690, Wu Zetian changed the name of the country to Zhou, and in 705, Tang Zhongzong Li Xian Shenlong Revolution restored the name of the Tang Dynasty. After Tang Xuanzong ascended the throne, he made great efforts to create a prosperous era of the coming dynasty of all nations. At the end of Tianbao, the population of the country reached about 80 million.

After the Anshi Rebellion, the division of feudal towns and the dictatorship of eunuchs led to the gradual decline of national strength, and in the middle and later periods, the governance of Tang Xianzong Yuan and Zhongxing, Tang Wuzong Huichang Zhongxing, and Tang Xuanzong Dazhong was revived. In 878, the Huangchao Rebellion broke out, destroying the foundation of Tang rule, and in 907, Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty fell, and China entered the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.

Foreigners are fighting, that is the Tang Dynasty in the world like the United States now, it is very glorious to live in the Tang Dynasty.

Eating and sleeping and beating his wife, haha, just kidding, most of them are Arabs, all in business. The others are ethnic minorities, most of them are mercenaries of the Tang Dynasty, and the Arabs have also fought several battles with the Tang Dynasty, lost the battles, and then became honest.

Most of them are Arabs and are in business. The others were ethnic minorities, most of whom were mercenaries of the Tang Dynasty.

At that time, Japan was sending Tang envoys to study in the Tang Dynasty of China and implement Sinicization education. Just know that.

Qin Shi Huang defined the map of China in the classical era.

And the ruling class of the Han Dynasty (emperors and intellectuals) defined and enriched the Chinese civilization on this land!

So we Chinese called it Han people in ancient times.

Anyone who deeply identifies with ancient Chinese civilization and uses it as a guiding principle for their way of life is a Han Chinese.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty deposed Confucianism, which was the sole reverence of the Hundred Schools of Thought, and for the first time elevated the ideas and knowledge propagated by the intellectuals of Confucianism to the sole orthodox core ideology of the country, and other doctrines could not enter the correct ideological system of the country.

After gaining this status, Confucian intellectuals in the Han Dynasty took advantage of this unique resource advantage to go forward from generation to generation to sort out, sort out, invent, explain, and summarize the history, classics, articles, stories, and ideas that happened in this land before the Han Dynasty (ancient China, the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, Yao Shunyu, Tang Zhouwen, King Zhou Gong, Confucius, and so on).

Through Jia Yi, Chao Cuo, Dong Zhongshu, Sima Qian, Zhang Yu, Liu Xiang, Ban Gu, Xu Shen, Zheng Xuan, and other Han Dynasty and more than 400 years of Han Confucianism from generation to generation, "it is good to sketch out of thin air" and "from the ashes after Qin Shi Huang burned books, and the remnants of pre-Qin classics and articles pulled out from the walls of Conni's former residence", in short, the Han Confucians used these two ways to build and decorate the majestic edifice of ancient Chinese civilization in the Han Dynasty, making it independent of the ancient Greek and Roman civilization in the West at that time and forming a series of its own, standing tall in the world, shining brightly.

And this set of Han Dynasty scripture system customized by the Han Confucians depicts the basic portraits of the civilizations of our Chinese dynasties. The Confucian intellectuals of the Han Dynasty created this human skeleton of Chinese civilization for the subsequent Wei, Jin, Sui, Tang, Song, Ming and Qing dynasties, these successive dynasties are in the Han Dynasty scriptures and small changes (such as Wei and Jin metaphysics, Sui and Tang Buddhism prevailed, Song and Ming science), but the basic Confucian Taoism has not changed, has been passed down, Han civilization (ancient Chinese civilization) is still alive and well. The foundation for the induction and summary of Chinese civilization was laid by the Confucian scholars of the two Han Dynasty and the great Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who raised the status of Confucianism to the supreme level.

Note: If the ancient Chinese civilization is summarized by the canonical text, its inheritance is represented by the Six Classics of the Han Dynasty and the Han Analects. Because Qin Shi Huang burned books and Xiang Yu burned Xianyang, most of the original pre-Qin ancient books were burned, so the Han Confucianism recreated the pre-Qin classics in the spirit of hope, hearing and thinking, and became the ancient Chinese civilization

The poems in the Six Classics of the Han Dynasty are mainly written by Mao Heng, a Confucian in the Western Han Dynasty, and his nephew Mao Chang.

The Book of Shang was dictated by the Confucian scholar Fu Sheng in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty with his own memory and dictated by mistake.

"Li" and "Music" were invented by Liu Xiang, a Confucian in the Western Han Dynasty, and as for how they were invented, he has his own set of rhetoric.

Yi was rewritten by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty by some Han Confucian doctors, and it was called a collection of pre-Qin Yi Jing texts.

The Spring and Autumn Period pretended to use the books on the wall of Confucius's former residence to find ancient books, and it is likely that it may have been written by Confucianism in the Western Han Dynasty.

The Analects was compiled by Zhang Yu, a Confucian in the Western Han Dynasty, and Zheng Xuan, a Confucian in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and is called the Confucian teachings. Whether Confucius himself said it or not, we have to ask Confucius himself. However, for more than 2,000 years, the Analects compiled by Zhang Yu and Zheng Xuan have been recognized as the most authoritative teachings of Confucius himself.

Because the Western Han Dynasty was very strong, and we slowly laid the foundation from that dynasty, only then did we go to the later Tang and Song dynasties, and we should be called Han people back to their roots.

Although the power of the Tang Dynasty was very strong in history, the reason why we call the Han people and not the Tang people is because the Confucianism in the Han Dynasty had a very far-reaching impact on us.