The respective roles of list quantities and quota quantities and why they exist

There is no comparison between the list quantity and the quota quantity, because they are calculated separately according to the calculation rules in the pricing mode in 2.

Why do we have to consider the list of engineering quantities under the list mode, a big reason is that our country's construction enterprises do not have their own construction quotas, because they are afraid of losing money when bidding, so they use local quotas, and local quotas reflect the average level of society, and can not reflect the marketization and advancement of the list.

In the comprehensive unit price grouping, the quantity of the list is generally less than the fixed amount, and the bill of quantities of the bidding documents can not be east, but also for cost reasons, the construction unit should reflect this part of the quantity difference to the comprehensive unit price. Then only the quota quantity is applied to the quota sub-item at the time of the comprehensive unit price rental price.

At this stage, most of the domestic construction enterprises are in this mode. That is, the unique characteristics of the Chinese checklist.

Quota is a standard of consumption, that is, the average consumption of the society (including labor consumption, material consumption, machinery consumption, etc., such as: how much work is completed per unit of time, how many working days to complete the unit workload, how much material to complete the unit workload, etc.), which is both a standard to measure the level of construction (the high level of consumption is low, that is, cost savings, higher profits, and more favorable competitiveness). It is also a criterion that can be used in investment planning (by calculating or planning the amount of labor, materials, etc. that a project may consume through fixed consumption, and then extrapolating);

The list is a pricing method, there is no standard for consumption, it is the standard that standardizes the list of items, that is, the standard of unifying a list of items, which facilitates the consistency of the future and facilitates comparison, and the list pricing is a comprehensive way, which can contain a quota or n quotas.

Therefore, these two are called consumption quotas and list pricing.

Reflecting the role of market competition, the construction party has its own quota**!

One by one. 1.Whether a fixed-price contract has a fixed unit price or a fixed lump price.

1) Fixed unit price contract: settle the engineering quantity of Changpai to budget the engineering quantity + change the engineering quantity of the visa (design change, change required by the owner, etc.).

2) Fixed total price contract: that is, the dead price, the settlement quantity is the budget quantity, and the settlement price is the budget price.

2.The list quantity is not equal to the budget quantity. The list of quantities is provided by the bidding poor and cautious, and you need to review the list of quantities, if the discrepancies are not very big, you can directly group the price.

If there is a big discrepancy, it needs to be corrected by the tendering party. For example, 10 square soil, the bidding party calculated 100 square meters, you are according to the total price of 10 square soil measurement 100 yuan, the comprehensive unit price is 1 yuan, if there is an increase in the amount of work, it is according to 1 yuan cubic visa, obviously the construction party will lose a lot.

3.There are specific calculation methods for the calculation of the fixed quantity according to the local quota. The inventory quantity is the physical quantity, while the budget is to consider the construction process.

For example, the excavation of earthwork, the list is the vertical surface engineering quantity on the edge of the foundation, and the calculation of the fixed engineering quantity, it is also necessary to consider the operation surface and slope angle.

Answer]: b, c, d, e

The functions of the bill of quantities include: In the bidding stage, the bidding bill of quantities provides an equal and common basis for bidders' bidding competition; The bill of quantities is the basis for the valuation of construction projects; The bill of quantities is the basis for the payment and settlement of the project; The bill of quantities is the basis for adjusting the quantity and making a claim.

<> the quota quantity is the quantity embodied in the construction procedure, it contains the quantity of normal construction measures, such as the quantity of excavation slope, and the list quantity is the quantity of the engineering entity, and the excavation is the quantity of the foundation cushion edge, and it is clear that the quota quantity includes the quantity of measures, and the list is the quantity of the completion of the entity.

The difference between the calculation method of the fixed quantity and the list quantity is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Changes in the unit of measurement: The unit of measurement of the bill of quantities is basically the same as the calculation unit of the national unified basic quota, and only a few of the items have been adjusted to be more realistic.

2. Changes in the calculation caliber and calculation method: the bill of quantities is based on the entity, so that it can be calculated and the calculation result is unique, and the project is subject to the net value of the engineering entity, regardless of the construction technology and construction method. The calculation of the quantity required by the fixed amount of engineering is based on the net value plus the specified reservation and margin, and the margin and loss bidder should be considered in the **, not in the engineering quantity.

3. Change of the main body of calculation: in the bill of quantities mode: the bill of quantities is calculated by the tenderer, and the error of the quantity is responsible for the tenderer, while the quantity of the project is calculated by the bidder and bears the risk under the quota mode.

List quantities.

and Quota quantities are two completely different concepts, list quantities calculation.

It is based on the pricing specification of the bill of quantities.

Stipulate the calculation of engineering quantities. The fixed quantity is calculated according to the calculation rules of the budget quota quantity, so it is completely different. There is an essential difference between the list quantity and the quota quantity in the cost

The list quantity is the net quantity that forms the engineering entity, and basically nothing else is considered except the drawings. The quota quantity is the construction quantity, which is greatly affected by the construction method, environment, geology, etc. The main differences between list quantities and quota quantities are:

The quantity of the list is generally the actual amount consumed by the engineering entity, such as earthwork excavation.

The list of engineering quantities is the base area of the foundation components multiplied by the depth of earthwork excavation, without considering the amount of engineering that needs to be graded during earthwork excavation! The fixed quantity generally includes the actual amount and loss in the physical project, and in general, the quota quantity is greater than the list quantity; The main difference between them is determined by two calculation rules, please refer to the local list pricing rules and fixed quantity calculation rules!

The two are both different and related, the fundamental difference lies in the two pricing models, the list is the international pricing method, and the quota is a model in China. The calculation rules of the two are not the same, and the group price method and expression form are different. The list is a combined unit price.

Includes human resources and management costs.

The profit even includes fees and taxes, and the fixed amount is the unit price of the talent and machine. The price content of the list item can be one or more quotas, such as excavation, the list item includes site leveling, excavation and filling, earthwork transportation, etc., but the quota item is not. For example, for cables, the list quantity is the net design amount, and the quota amount is the net amount plus the reservation, wave bending coefficient, etc.

The point of contact is that the list pricing can be set in a fixed amount, at least in China.

List quantities.

The unit and calculation rules of the quota quantity are not necessarily the same, so the comprehensive unit price of the list is divided by "the total price of the fixed amount divided by the quantity of the list". As for the bidder's own calculation of the fixed amount of work, it is not necessarily, because some enterprises have their own comprehensive unit price library, and some do not; Then there is Party A.

The owner sometimes will list the list items by themselves, and the project characteristics of the list items are determined by Party A, that is to say, Party A can list how they want, and the degree of freedom is very high, they can list the list items in great detail, for example: an insulated Spanish tile roofing practice, they can not only list a list of thermal insulation Spanish tiles, but also split into: thermal insulation roof + tile roof + tile roof waterproofing.

Unit price * fixed quantity = total fixed price.

Fixed-amount total price List quantity = comprehensive unit price.

The total price of the fixed amount divided by the quantity of the list of works" is just a way to get the comprehensive unit price of the list, in the cost software this model is a reverse calculation, you can also only calculate the unit price of the unit project, multiplied by the amount of work, the principle is that the content of the quota do not make a mistake, the composition of the comprehensive unit price is the direct project cost + management fee + profit, the direct project cost is the quota of the human resources and machine market price. As for why ... In the past, the fixed price, for example, you have to eat a bun 5 pieces, a bowl of porridge 1 piece, a bun on a bowl, porridge on a bowl, list pricing, there is a list item called breakfast, including a bun, a bowl of porridge, you say how to calculate the unit price of breakfast this list item...

The content is whether you eat 1 bun or 10 buns for breakfast, drink 1 bowl of porridge or half a bowl of porridge, I don't know if you can understand this explanation?

Bill of Quantities.

The quantity in the list is the quantity of the entity, excluding the loss in the quota, the amount of pre-quantity and the same quantity, and the quantity in the list can only be calculated by the quantity in the list according to the calculation rules of the quota.

The quota content is greater than one and less than one, so it is necessary to say the list of engineering quantities.

It is not right to have more than the quota or less than the quota.

Because often a list item does not correspond to only one quota sub-item, many list items include several quota sub-items, such as membrane waterproof list items, which include joint caulking, screeding, protective layer, and waterproofing membrane.

There are several quota items such as brush adhesive, and the engineering quantity of some of the quota sub-items may be smaller than the engineering quantity of the list.

Answer]: The quantity of the project quantity of the list is usually calculated in the unit of the project entity, and the quantity of the fixed quantity of the project is not only related to the calculation of the quantity of the physical project, but also the quantity of the project that must be consumed for the construction of the merging entity.

Answer: a, b, d

Option C is different in terms of the division and comprehensive work content of the two projects, and in terms of the degree of comprehensiveness, the list quantity is usually greater than or equal to the quota quantity, rather than less than or equal to the quota quantity: the scope covered by the calculation of the quantity of the two different states is not the same, and the calculation scope of the list quantity is usually the physical project, and the quantity of the fixed quantity of the project not only involves the calculation of the quantity of the physical project, but also the quantity of the auxiliary project that must be consumed for the construction of the entity.