The oracle bone inscription of Hui , Jin Wen, Warring States, Shuowen Jiezi 10

Just think about it! (1) In terms of the construction of characters, some pictographs only focus on highlighting the characteristics of the real thing, but the number of strokes, forward and reverse are not uniform.

2) Some of the epigram characters in the oracle bone inscription only require the partial meeting to have a clear meaning, but not to be fixed. Therefore, there are many variant characters in the oracle bone inscription, and some characters can have more than a dozen or even dozens of ways to write a word.

3) The shape of the oracle bone inscription is often determined by the complexity and simplicity of the physical object represented, and some words can occupy the position of several words, and can also be long and short.

4) Because the characters are carved on the harder animal bones with a knife, the strokes are thinner, and the square strokes are the majority.

Because the oracle bone inscription is carved with a knife, and the knife is sharp and blunt, the bone is fine and thick, hard and soft, so the carved strokes are of different thicknesses, and even some are as slender as hair, and the joints of the strokes are peeled off, thick and heavy. In terms of structure, the length and size are not certain, or sparse and sparse, and intricate; Or the dense layers are very strict and solemn, so they can show the infinite taste of simplicity and colorfulness.

Although the size of the oracle bone is different and intricate, it has a symmetrical and stable pattern. Therefore, some people believe that Chinese calligraphy, strictly speaking, began with oracle bone inscriptions, because oracle bone inscriptions have prepared the three elements of calligraphy, that is, the use of brushes, knots, and chapters.

This is Yin Xunyin's reinvention of the word "Hui" in the oracle bone inscription.

Xie Oracle.

Xie Jinwen. Xie Warring States.

Xie Xiaozhen. Morning Oracle.

Chen Jinwen. Morning Warring States.

Morning seal. The word "shadow" appeared relatively late, and there are no such ancient characters.

These three words are not present in the oracle. There is only Shotenjing. There is a "" in the gold text and white ding, and the picture cannot be pasted here.

Xiao Seal Check "Saying Wen Jie Zi". On page 138 of the "Shuowen", there is the word "jing", and the word 彡 is on page 184.

This is the oracle bone inscription "Xie, Chen, Ying".

All that can be found are oracle bone inscriptions and small seal glyphs, and the word confiscation is confiscated. Ginseng.

Xue xuē

Name (1) A herbaceous plant, known as "LyArtemisia" [name of a grass].

Xue, Sha, green 薠 (fán). —Sima Xiangru "Zi Xuan Fu".

2) Straw raincoat (3) The name of the country in spring and autumn [xue state]. During the Warring States period, it was destroyed by Qi. The land is in the south of Tengxian County, Shandong Province.

4) Last name.

Introduction to Oracle].

The oracle bone inscription mainly refers to the oracle bone inscription of Yinxu, which was engraved (or written) on tortoise shells and animal bones for divination by the royal family in the late Shang Dynasty (14th and 11th centuries BC) in China. It is the earliest and relatively complete system among the ancient scripts found in China.

Jin Wen is the name of a type of ancient Chinese character. Shang, Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States Period, bronze inscription font general name. Wu Shifen of the Qing Dynasty compiled the bronze inscriptions of the Shang and Zhou dynasties into the book "Ancient Records of the Golden Text", collected a lot of information, rigorous interpretation, and had a great influence, so the word "golden inscription" had a boundary.

At this time, the so-called golden inscription refers to the entire inscription, not a single word.

The small seal is also called "Qin seal". It was passed in the Qin Dynasty. The shape is long, evenly round, and it is derived from a large seal.

Xu Shen of the Eastern Han Dynasty said: "The first emperor of Qin Shi was the first ,...... of the worldThose who do not cooperate with Qin Wen. (Li) Si made "Cangjie Chapter", CRRC Fu Ling Zhao Gao made (Love Calendar Chapter), Taishi Ling Hu Wujing made "Erudite Chapter", all take the history of the big seal, or quite provincial change, the so-called small seal also.

The small seal engraved on the Qin Quan, it is said that the small seal written by Li Si was after Qin Shi Huang unified China, the implementation of the "book with the same text, the car with the same track", the policy of unifying weights and measures, by the prime minister Li Si was in charge, on the basis of the original use of the Qin State on the basis of the big seal, to simplify, cancel the other six countries of the variant characters, the creation of a unified Chinese character writing form. It was popular in China until the end of the Western Han Dynasty, when it was gradually replaced by Lishu. However, due to its beautiful font, it has always been favored by calligraphers.

And because of its complex strokes, the form is ancient, and can be added at will, the seal engraving, especially the official seal that needs to be anti-counterfeiting, has been using the seal script until the fall of the feudal dynasty, and the emergence of new anti-counterfeiting technology in modern times. The Kangxi dictionary also notes the small seal writing method for all words.

"Shuowen Jiezi", referred to as "Shuowen". The author is Xu Shen, a scholar and philologist of the Eastern Han Dynasty. "Shuowen Jie Zi" was written from the twelfth year of Emperor Yongyuan of the Han Dynasty (100 years) to the first year of Emperor Jianguang of An (121 years).

All the rules of Chinese characters are all expressed in the shape of small seals, which is the last stage after the painting of characters and then to the Jiawen Jinwen, which summarizes all the trends and laws of the development of Chinese characters, and also embodies all the spirit of the structure of Chinese characters. It is no exaggeration to say that it is precisely because of the "Shuowen" that later generations were able to recognize the small seals of the Qin and Han dynasties, and then identify the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty and the golden inscriptions of the Shang and Zhou dynasties and the ancient texts of the Warring States period.

The most complete seal script should be the "Seal Character Edition".

The single-copy "Ancient Characters Chapter" is better.

The multi-book "Oracle Bone Script Xulin" (or "Oracle Bone Script") Jin Wen Compilation, "Warring States Ancient Dictionary" and "Shuowen Jie Zi" are better.

Explain the words.

Shuowen Jiezi, abbreviated as "Shuowen", is the first Chinese dictionary arranged by radical in China. Edited by Xu Shen of the Han Dynasty. The original work was written between 100 and 121 and is now lost.

Most of the ones that have been handed down to this day are Song Dynasty versions, or Qing Dynasty Duan Yu Commentary. The original text is written in a small seal, and the font is explained word by word**. After Xu Shen finished writing, he dedicated it to Emperor An of the Han Dynasty.

The book is divided into 540 radicals, 9,353 characters, and 1,163 variants, with a total of 10,516 characters.

Xu Shen, the title of the book "Shuowen Jie Zi", explained it this way:

At the beginning of Cangjie, the book was also written, and the cover was similar to the pictogram, so it was called the text. After that, the shape and sound are mutually beneficial, that is, the word is called. The writer is the foundation of the image; The word is a lot of words.

There are 15 --, including a preface--。 Xu Shen systematically expounded the rules of Chinese character creation in "Shuowen Jie Zi" - Six Books.

The style of Shuowen Jiezi is to list the small seals first, and if the ancient text and the Zhou text are different, they will be listed later. Then explain the original meaning of the word, and then strengthen the relationship between the glyph and the meaning or pronunciation of the word. The radical arrangement in Shuowen Jie Zi is arranged according to the principle of similarity in form or similar meaning.

Shuowen Jie Zi created a precedent for radical checking, and most of the dictionaries of later generations adopted this method. Duan Yu of the Qing Dynasty called this book "a book that has never been written before, and Xu Jun has created it".

In the past dynasties, there have been many scholars who have studied "Shuowen Jie Zi". During the Qing Dynasty, research flourished. In particular, Duan Yuci's "Commentary on the Text"; Zhu Junsheng's "Saying Wen Tong Xun Dingsheng"; Gui Fu's "Explanation of Words and Meanings"; Wang Yun's "Reading Words and Sentences" is more valuable, and these four people are also known as the four masters of saying literature.

The Chinese dictionary lists a variety of ancient characters under each prefix, such as oracle bone inscriptions, golden inscriptions, seal inscriptions, and official scripts.

If you need it, I have it here, Anyang City Business Soul Relic Arts and Crafts Store.

Ancient writings. The oracle bone inscriptions, the golden inscriptions, the Zhou inscriptions and the text that was common in the Six Kingdoms during the Warring States Period Xuanwang Taishi Zhou Zhen (now "writing") 15 large seals, which are different from the ancient. - Han S. Xu Shen, "Interpretation of Words: Preface".

Guwen refers to the words on ancient books in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and before. Pan-refers to oracle bone inscriptions, gold inscriptions, and scripts that were used in the Six Kingdoms during the Warring States period. Xu Shen said in "Saying Wen Interpreting Words: Narrative":

Zhou Taishi wrote fifteen chapters of the Great Seal, which may be different from the ancient texts. "Comparing the ancient text with the Great Seal, it is said that the ancient text is the general name of the writing before the Shi Dynasty.

Since junior high school, we have learned a lot of classical Chinese, which is one of the forms of ancient Chinese. Many people can't read ancient texts, but if they do, they feel that the author is so broad and profound. Wise, they condense the meaning of a passage into a single sentence.

What have you seen that make you have an endless aftertaste and make you feel amazing? Let's talk about it.

In addition, I and my son fished on the Jiangzhu, and the fish and shrimp were friends with the elk, driving a flat boat with a leaf, and lifting a bottle to belong to each other. Parasitic mayflies and heaven and earth, a millet in the sea. Mourn the moments of my life, and envy the infinity of the Yangtze River.

Fly the fairy to swim, hold the bright moon and end long. I don't know it suddenly, and I will leave it in the sad wind. ”

of this sentenceMeaningYes, not to mention that I fish with you on the river, collect firewood on the island, mate with fish and shrimp, and become friends with elk. Driving a small boat in the water to raise a glass to each other's wine, entrusting a short life like a mayfly, between heaven and earth, as small as a grain of rice in the sea.

It isSu ShiWritten"Former Chibi Fu".The article is catchy, and it is a superb work!

This poem tells usThe insignificance of human beings is the infinity of the universeIn an endless life, we are still a drop in the ocean, and everyone can only be a small mayfly in the sea.

This poem taught me the truth of being a human being, and I know that it is still shocking to read now.