What are the causes of fetal growth restriction?

Generally speaking, fetal head size is related to genetics, and it can be seen whether the couple's family members have similar phenomena. Exclusion depends on whether the woman is malnourished and whether the uterus and placenta are abnormal. In the third trimester, as the placenta ages, the oxygen supply capacity is insufficient, and fetal growth may be restricted.

It provides an important basis for the normal development of the fetus. However, whether the fetal development is in line with the gestational age should be comprehensively judged according to the double parietal diameter, head circumference, femur length, fetal abdominal circumference and other indicators, the most unreliable of which is [double parietal diameter]. Therefore, your situation can continue to standardize the prenatal examination, and no special treatment is required for the time being.

The examination head is small, and I don't think it's a big problem. The prenatal examination determines the size of the head circumference by double parietal diameter, and due to the different position of the fetus, the size measured by the doctor is also incorrect. For example, during my child's post-examination, a doctor said that my baby had short legs, which made me sad.

<>This is just a double top diameter to see, and it depends on the completion of birth! I know that a friend at that time also looked at the double parietal diameter and femur and estimated that the fetus was no more than a catty, but it was born with a catty! As long as the rest is normal, don't worry too much!

Fetal development is abnormal, and the main factors of pregnant mothers are: bad lifestyle habits (such as smoking and drinking, etc.); Pregnant mother's own physical diseases (such as uterine fibroids, progesterone insufficiency and other disease history, etc.); indiscriminate use of drugs during pregnancy; unbalanced nutrition during pregnancy; emotional instability; Pregnant mommy suffered trauma and so on.

If the expectant mother is pregnant, due to fever, cold or other diseases, without the consent of the doctor and under the supervision of the private administration of the medicine, it will be very easy to cause problems in the development of the fetus, therefore, the expectant mother in the early pregnancy, suffering from infectious diseases and inappropriate indiscriminate medication, if the pregnant woman is seriously deficient in iodine or pantothenic acid (i.e. vitamin B3) food for a long time, the development of the fetal brain nervous system and skeletal system will be affected, and the born child may be deaf, dumb, stupid, stupid and other symptoms of cretinism. Intelligence is necessarily low.

Fetal growth may be restricted for the following reasons: the pregnant woman's own nutrient intake is low, and the protein and other substances in the body do not meet the needs of the fetus; the size of the placenta in pregnant women, insufficient blood supply; congenital hypoplasia of the fetus, etc.

There are several reasons for this. The first is nutritional insufficiency, it is recommended to eat more milk powder and foods with high protein content. The second is because of the lack of exercise, so children can do more exercises to grow their bodies.

The most common reason is that the mother's body is weak. Then it leads to the lack of nutrients in his income, which can not better maintain the growth and development of the fetus and the malnutrition of the fetus, which will lead to growth restriction, and the most important factor is the abnormality of the fetus in the womb or the disease with congenital genes, which need to be checked symptomatically.

Fetal malformationsIf intrauterine growth restriction is confirmed, if there is no evidence of significant placental hypoperfusion, patients with positive ultrasound should be examined to rule out fetal malformations and chromosomal abnormalities.

Placental factorsThe placenta is the main source of nutrition for the fetus, so umbilical cord abnormalities (such as the umbilical cord is too thin, too long, torsional, around the neck, etc.), and various primary or secondary abnormalities of the placenta (such as increased syncytium nodules in the placenta, avascular villi, villous infarction, etc.), can lead to placental hypoperfusion and fetal intrauterine growth retardation. These abnormalities can be detected by monitoring blood flow in the umbilical artery, uterine artery, and middle cerebral artery.

Genetic factorsNot all babies diagnosed with "growth restriction" are abnormal babies, and genetic factors account for about 10%.

If the pregnant mother or expectant father is shorter, thinner, and lighter, the weight of the fetus will naturally be lighter, and the low-weight fetal baby caused by this reason is a healthy fetus, and the expectant mother does not have to worry too much.

Nutritional factorsIf the expectant mother has a picky diet, morning sickness or insufficient intake of protein, vitamins and trace elements during pregnancy, it will affect the growth and development of the fetus.

Expectant mother has complications or comorbidities

If the pregnant mother has gestational hypertension, multiple pregnancy, placental abruption, post-term pregnancy, intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy, heart disease, nephritis, anemia and other diseases, it may reduce the blood flow of the placenta, thereby reducing the blood flow and nutrients flowing into the fetus and affecting the development of the fetus.

Expectant mothers have bad behaviors such as smoking and alcoholismIf the expectant mother has bad behaviors such as smoking and alcoholism, or the expectant mother's uterine development is abnormal, so that the fetus does not have enough room to grow, or the expectant mother has been exposed to toxic and harmful substances, it will also affect the development of the fetus.

Pregnant women are very much looking forward to their babies being healthy to the world, but some pregnant women cannot give the fetus a healthy growth environment due to physical and external reasons, which leads to the possibility of growth restriction, fetal birth restriction is very serious, what are the effects of fetal growth restriction?

1.Fetal growth restriction is not visible to the naked eye and requires ultrasonography. The main thing is to observe the fetal weight, head circumference and body length, if these developments are not up to standard, it means that there is a fetal growth defect.

If fetal growth restriction is severe, it may lead to congenital malformations of the fetus, and it is likely to be accompanied by neurodevelopmental disorders, and even affect the intelligence of the fetus.

2.Fetal growth restriction will affect the normal development of the fetus, so when doing B ultrasound examination, it will be found that the weight of the fetus is not up to standard, or the length of the fetus is not enough, and the fetus is not developing well in all aspects at this time, which may also affect the brain nerves. When the fetus is restricted, it may be found that the number of brain cells in the fetus will gradually decrease, so the intelligence of the fetus will be greatly affected.

3.If the growth of the fetus in your belly is restricted, there is no need to panic, because every pregnant woman should listen to the doctor's advice before making her own decision. Because growth restriction is not only related to malnutrition, but also related to the chromosome pairing in the fetus, and different situations require different means or solutions.

If it's a genetic problem, then the child can't be wanted, while in other cases it can.

2. Malnutrition of pregnant women, especially insufficient protein and energy, long-term hypoxemia or low oxygen transport capacity, pregnancy complicated with kidney disease, severe anemia, severe heart disease, gestational hypertension syndrome, chronic hypertension and other chronic vascular diseases, affecting uterine and placental blood flow and function, resulting in fetal malnutrition, immune diseases, endocrine diseases, infectious diseases can affect fetal growth and development.

3. When pregnant women have bad habits such as smoking, alcoholism, and drug abuse, as well as poor social status and economic conditions, the chance of intrauterine growth retardation of the fetus also increases.

Fetal factors. 1. The fetus has a history of hereditary diseases or chromosomal diseases, and the fetus has an early onset of intrauterine growth retardation.

2. Infection of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria or viruses can lead to intrauterine growth retardation of the fetus.

3. Twin pregnancies can also lead to intrauterine growth retardation.

Placental and umbilical cord factors: placental infarction, inflammation, insufficiency, long, thin, knotted, twisted, etc. are not conducive to fetal nutrition, and can also lead to fetal intrauterine growth retardation.

I believe that there are many pregnant friends who should have been told that the growth of the fetus is restricted in the process of your pregnancy, because you don't know about this, so you want to understand what causes it, so do you know the cause of fetal growth restriction and **? Let's take this question and follow me to see the correct answer to the question.

Growth and development of some fetuses is restricted, usually due to decreased metabolism or nutritional deficiencies. However, pregnant women need to pay attention and seek help from a doctor in time to prevent fetal growth restriction. Fetal growth restriction is usually caused by the following:

1. Fetal factors. If the fetus has abnormal chromosomes or genes, and there is a shortage of leptin, growth hormone and other substances that regulate fetal growth, it may cause fetal growth restriction. 2. Pregnant women.

Pregnant women have severe pregnancy reactions, partial eating or insufficient nutrient intake, pregnancy complications, advanced age, smoking, drinking, etc., can lead to fetal growth restriction. 3. Umbilical cord factor. When the umbilical cord is too thin, the umbilical cord is too long, the umbilical cord is knotted, and the umbilical cord is torsed, it can also lead to fetal growth restriction.

4. Placental factors. Various lesions of the placenta can also lead to growth restriction if they cause a decrease in blood flow and a lack of blood supply to the fetus.

Fetal growth restriction is common in which the placenta is insufficient, such as when the mother has severe preeclampsia, and fetal monitoring, especially fetal heart rate monitoring, should be strengthened. Once the fetal heart rate monitoring is obviously abnormal, the fetus may have intrauterine hypoxia, and the pregnancy should be terminated in time to rescue the fetus. It is generally recommended to have an indication for termination of pregnancy after 34 weeks of pregnancy, to terminate the pregnancy as soon as possible to avoid intrauterine fetal death, and of course anticoagulation** can also be given.

Fetal growth restriction is sometimes unrelated to placental function and is the cause of the fetus's own development, such as the mother's severe picky eater and nutritional deficiencies, and intravenous nutrition** can be given, which is relatively rare. In addition, both parents are short stature, and the fetus will be correspondingly short, which is generally due to physical reasons, so there is no need to deal with it.

In clinical practice, fetal growth restriction is defined as follows, and abnormal conditions occur during the growth and development of the fetus, that is, the fetus is smaller than the normal growth of the fetus, which can be called fetal growth restriction. Fetal growth restriction can be classified as maltrophied or congenitally developmental. For malnourished fetal growth restriction, as long as nutrition is supplemented in time, it has little effect on the growth and development of the fetus in the later stage.

For fetal growth restriction with congenital dysplasia, the specific situation should be analyzed on a case-by-case basis.

In clinical practice, for malnourished fetal growth restriction,** as follows: pregnant women try to lie on the left side as much as possible, which can improve the blood circulation of the placenta**; Actively look for causes, as placental factors, maternal factors, and fetal factors are all important aspects of fetal growth restriction; It is necessary to seek medical attention in a timely manner and be active. After admission, intravenous glucose and amino acid intravenous infusion were given for 7 days.

After the doctor's examination and search for the cause, the malnourished fetal growth restriction can be quickly remedied.