How to solve the problem of water scarcity in a non flowing country

There are 20 countries in the world without rivers or seasonality, with a total area of 5.14 million square kilometers, which is half the size of Europe. In a huge country without a single river, how can people solve the problem of water use?

Collecting and storing rainwater is the most basic method of water storage in a country where there is no flow.

The country of Tuvalu in the Pacific Ocean is made up of more than 200 coral reefs, none of which is more than 1 square kilometer. Digging wells for water is also salty and cannot be eaten. Fortunately, there is abundant rainfall, with 2,500 to 3,000 mm of precipitation per year.

Each house has many water tanks and buckets to collect rainwater from the roof. Some families also build water collection channels on the eaves of wooden boards to collect all the precipitation on the roof to ensure that there is no water supply all year round.

In the Maldives of the Indian Ocean, close to the equator, due to the perennial rains, the fresh water is mostly shallow and buried on a sandy bottom more than 1 meter deep. However, due to the limited amount of water, it is necessary to build ponds to collect water. In the capital, Malé, there is a large semi-underground cistern with a lotus leaf-shaped canopy at the top, which fills up the water during the rainy season and can feed 5,000 people during the dry season.

Digging wells to divert water Fresh groundwater is the source of life in waterless deserts.

Bahrain in the Persian Gulf, with an area of only 622 square kilometers, has little rainfall, but a spring gushes out when you dig 1 meter into the ground. The residents of the island irrigated 30 square kilometers of cultivated land with springs to grow grain and vegetables, making the dry island full of "spring".

Desalination Saudi Arabia in Asia is the world's largest producer of desalination seawater, with more than 1,200 desalination plants. The 800,000-tonne-per-day Jubail desalination plant is the world's largest desalination plant. The plant delivers fresh water directly to the capital, Riyadh, through a 466-kilometer-long pipeline with a diameter of one metre.

Mushroom-shaped water storage towers abound along highways across the country, and every home has a cylindrical tin tank on its roof, into which water is pumped regularly by water trucks from desalination plants.

In Kuwait, Asia, there are mushroom-shaped water storage towers, which store enough fresh water for the whole country for a week. There are three water storage towers in the capital that are 187 meters high, 140 meters and 113 meters high, which are towering into the sky and shining at night, becoming the symbol of the capital.

The Republic of Nauru, which imports drinking water in the Pacific Ocean, is 22 square kilometers of "guano island", which is less than 1 3 of Hong Kong's size. Many people use large shells with large bathtubs lined up in the courtyard to catch rainwater and use them all year round. The people got rich by digging guano mines.

Since 1970, Nauru, with a population of only 8,000, has exported 2 million tons of ore worth 100 million US dollars a year, making it one of the richest countries in the world.

Due to the lack of fresh water in the local area and the relatively rich country, large-scale seawater desalination is often carried out, and seawater desalination can be developed to sell fresh water.