The monkeypox epidemic has new characteristics, and experts say that asymptomatic infections need to

On 16 September, Chongqing reported an imported case of monkeypox. The patient was transferred to Chongqing in a foreign country, and developed rash symptoms when he was quarantined in accordance with the regulations for the prevention and control of the new crown epidemic, and then when he was tested for monkeypox, he was found to be positive for monkeypox virus nucleic acid and negative for new coronavirus nucleic acid test. At present, the patient has been isolated in a designated hospital, and the people who have been in close contact with the patient have also been isolated for observation.

This news has attracted a lot of attention. Relevant professionals have also explained this confirmed case of monkeypox. Monkeypox is an infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus, which was previously common in central or western Africa, but since it was first detected in the United Kingdom this year, it has spread in many European countries, the United States, etc., and now the monkeypox epidemic has become a pandemic in the world, which has attracted the attention of the World Health Organization.

On July 23, the World Health Organization issued the highest level of public health alert for monkeypox, decorating it a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern".

Secondly, there is an important topic of how we should protect against the monkeypox virus. From the perspective of the transmission route of the monkeypox virus, it is mainly the rodents and primates of the monkeypox virus that transmit the virus to other people or animals through mucous membranes and broken **, and monkeypox is a zoonotic disease.

Finally, how should we prevent monkeypox, from the perspective of the transmission route of the monkeypox virus, it is mainly transmitted through close contact, due to the current serious monkeypox epidemic abroad, that is, to avoid close contact with those who have recently come from abroad, do not have direct physical contact with them, and also avoid the transmission of monkeypox virus with droplets, so it is best to wear a mask in public, maintain a social distance of more than one meter, in short, do a good job of personal protection, if there is any discomfort, you should seek help from local medical personnel or disease control department personnel as soon as possible.

In the face of this situation, we should first do a good job of personal protection, try to minimize going to these areas, and we should also do a good job of disinfection in our daily life, and reduce communication and communication with other people.

First of all, we should wear masks, wash and disinfect our hands frequently, and avoid direct or indirect contact with infected people.

We should go out as little as possible, always wear a mask when going out, and keep a certain distance from other strangers.

92 confirmed cases and 28 suspected cases have been reported from 12 countries around the world that are not endemic with the monkeypox virus. Available information suggests that human-to-human transmission is occurring among people who have had close physical contact with symptomatic cases. Monkeypox is a rare viral zoonotic disease (a virus transmitted from animals to humans) that is close to smallpox, and the two can be said to be close relatives, with symptoms similar to those observed in smallpox patients in the past, but with milder clinical severity.

In terms of symptoms, monkeypox and smallpox have many commonalities, for example, infected people will have fever, chills, headaches, muscle pain, body aches and other symptoms, and they will also feel tired, and some infected people may have coughing symptoms. The monkeypox virus is most likely transmitted through close contact, and the virus in the pox family is a self-limiting virus, which means that it will not continue to be infected endlessly, and the infected person will usually recover after a few weeks. Although there is a certain case fatality rate after infection, like the monkeypox virus, its fatality rate is generally between 1% and 10%.

Epidemiological investigations have found that monkeypox is the host of monkeys and apes, rabbits and mice are also susceptible animals, and ground squirrels are important reservoirs of monkeypox virus. Monkeypox is predominantly endemic in animals, but occasionally can infect humans, mainly in children, and very rarely spread from person to person. In China, there is no monkeypox** yet, and there is no possibility of infection.

From the perspective of the law of the occurrence of infectious diseases, it has three important links: the source of infection, the transmission route and the susceptible population. If any link is controlled, infectious diseases can be effectively controlled.

The source of monkeypox infection is mainly small animals, and now China has a policy that explicitly prohibits the import of animals, which means that monkeypox is squeezed out of the country.

Monkeypox occurs in monkeys in the rainforests of west-central Africa, but can also infect other animals, occasionally infecting humans. The clinical presentation resembles smallpox, but the disease is milder.

People who have been vaccinated against smallpox have a certain degree of cross-protection against this virus, and generally speaking, people who have not been vaccinated against smallpox will have a higher chance of infection, mainly including the elderly and children and some people with very poor resistance.

Children are more susceptible to infection, and there are people with relatively low immunity, or people with some underlying diseases, or people who are not in good health, these groups of people are particularly susceptible to infection, and they should be protected at ordinary times.

Monkeypox is a self-limiting disease, severe cases are common in young children, people with weakened immunity, elderly people with underlying diseases, people with poor hygiene habits, and people who do not pay attention to their own cleanliness, these people are more likely to develop symptoms of infection.

How can I prevent the monkeypox virus?

Common household disinfectants can kill the monkeypox virus.

Avoid contact with animals that may carry the virus, wash your hands with soapy water or use alcohol-based hand sanitizer after touching infected people or animals, and wear protective gear when caring for sick people.

Because the monkeypox virus and the smallpox virus belong to the same family of viruses, the vaccine against the smallpox virus also has a protective effect against the monkeypox virus, and the smallpox vaccine is about 85% effective in preventing "monkeypox".

What to do if you get monkeypox?

Most infected people will become ill within a few weeks**, but it is also possible for those who become ill to become seriously ill.

Depending on the level of exposure to the virus, the patient's health status, and the severity of complications, severe patients may also die.

The method of monkeypox has not been proven safely, but smallpox vaccines, antiviral drugs, and vaccinia immune globulin can be used to control monkeypox outbreaks.

World Health Organization recommendations.

As the source of infection has not yet been identified, the World Health Organization and other national health authorities have recommended increased surveillance of local rash cases, as well as tracing and tracing of possible cases.

Because some of the symptoms of monkeypox are similar to those of other diseases that cause a rash (such as shingles, a rash caused by a sexually transmitted virus), some people with monkeypox may be misdiagnosed with other diseases.

Health care providers should consider the diagnosis of monkeypox virus infection when they identify patients with symptoms similar to monkeypox.

Early detection of cases, isolation and tracing of suspected cases, and increased awareness of the disease are key to preventing secondary infections and effectively controlling outbreaks.

Monkeypox is usually self-limiting, but it can be severe in some individuals, such as children, pregnant women, or people who are immunosuppressed due to other health conditions. There is an urgent need to raise awareness of monkeypox and conduct comprehensive case finding and isolation (with supportive care), contact tracing and supportive care to limit further transmission. Although so far, there have been no deaths related to this outbreak.

Immediate action focuses on providing accurate information to those most at risk of monkeypox, stopping further spread and protecting frontline workers.

Advise on the precautions that need to be taken: Any patient suspected of monkeypox should be investigated and, if confirmed, isolated until their lesions have crusted over and the scabs have fallen off and a fresh layer of ** has formed underneath。Be alert for signs associated with the appearance of an atypical rash, which progresses in successive phases - macules, papules, vesicles, pustules, crusts, at the same stage of development in all affected areas of the body - and may be associated with fever, swollen lymph nodes, back pain, and muscle aches.

These individuals may be present in a variety of community and health care settings, including, but not limited to, primary care, fever clinics, sexual health services, infectious diseases, obstetrics and gynecology, urology, emergency departments, and **department clinics. Raising awareness among potentially affected communities, as well as healthcare providers and laboratory staff, is critical to identifying and preventing further secondary cases and effectively managing the current outbreak. People who come into direct contact, including sexual contact, with an infected person can become infected with monkeypox.

Steps for self-protection include:Avoid ** or face-to-face contact with anyone who is symptomatic, practice safer sex, keep your hands clean with water and soap or alcohol-based hand sanitizer, and practice respiratory etiquette.

If someone is suspected or confirmed to have monkeypox, they should isolate until the scab falls off. During this time, patients can receive supportive** to relieve monkeypox symptoms. Anyone caring for someone with monkeypox should take appropriate personal protective measures, including:Wear a mask, clean objects and touched surfaces

Residents and travelers to countries where monkeypox is endemic should avoid contact with sick mammals such as rodents, marsupials, and non-human primates (dead or alive) that may carry the monkeypox virusand should avoid eating or handling game (game).

Monkeypox virus is a zoonotic infectious disease. ......Its specific symptoms and mode of transmission are similar to those of the smallpox virus.

As one of the infectious diseases, the prevention of monkeypox must follow the following principles:

1. Eliminate the source of infection.

In the case of infectious diseases, the source of infection is the root cause of the occurrence of infectious diseases.

Therefore, in order to effectively control infectious diseases, it is necessary to eliminate the source of infection.

Specifically, for the monkeypox virus, measures must be taken to eradicate the monkeypox virus if the infectious disease is to be controlled. ......This is the most fundamental measure to prevent infectious diseases.

2. Cut off the route of transmission.

Infectious diseases are contagious because of the way they are transmitted. ......The virus spreads from one place to another through various routes of transmission, making more and more people sick.

Therefore, in order to prevent and control infectious diseases, it is necessary to cut off the transmission routes of the virus.

Specifically, for the monkeypox virus, it is necessary to take effective measures to cut off its transmission route and prevent it from spreading from one place to another ...... according to its transmission characteristicsIn this way, the spread of the monkeypox virus can be prevented and the infectious disease can be effectively controlled.

3. Protect susceptible populations.

The so-called susceptible population refers to the population with low resistance to a certain infectious disease and is susceptible to disease. ......Because of the lack of sufficient resistance, once these people are infected by infectious germs and viruses, they are prone to illness and their health will be damaged.

Therefore, the most important factor in preventing infectious diseases is to protect susceptible people from being infected and getting sick.

Specifically, we can effectively control and prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases by wearing masks, washing hands frequently, maintaining social distancing, vaccination, and other methods to protect susceptible people.

For monkeypox, an infectious disease, in order to effectively prevent it, the above measures are also needed to effectively control the spread of the virus and protect people's health and safety.

The monkeypox epidemic has also seen asymptomatic infections, which is really unpreventable. Although the body does not show any symptoms after being infected with the monkeypox virus, it has the ability to transmit the virus, which means that patients can transmit the virus to others even if they are asymptomatic. Just like the asymptomatic infection of the new coronavirus, there is a certain hidden infection, which undoubtedly adds a certain degree of difficulty to people in the prevention and control of the monkeypox epidemic.

Although the best means and prevention and control methods of human beings in the face of these viruses have been continuously improved, the harm of viruses cannot be underestimated, and they are also constantly escalating. Therefore, at the moment of the epidemic, people must not relax their vigilance, strengthen the quarantine intensity of the monkeypox virus, and once an infected person is found, they should be quickly isolated. Normally, monkeypox is mainly a contagious disease caused by the monkeypox virus, and it is also a zoonotic disease.

There are many ways to transmit it, not only from animals to humans, but also from person to person.

If a human is accidentally scratched or bitten by an animal infected with the monkeypox virus, the probability of infection with the virus is very high. Not only that, but even if you come into contact with the body fluids or blood of infected animals, it is not okay, because there will be some viruses in the body fluids and blood of infected animals, and rash contact is likely to cause infection. In addition to being infected by contact with infected animals, it can also be transmitted from person to person through droplets and close contact.

If you have face-to-face contact with an infected person carrying the monkeypox virus for a long time, a large number of droplets carrying the virus may enter the body through the respiratory tract and cause infection. In addition, if you touch some items used by the infected person, such as clothes and towels, you may also be infected. Therefore, when you go out, you must wear a mask correctly, keep a safe distance, and do not have close contact with wild animals.