What is monkeypox virus? How does the monkeypox virus spread?

<> monkeypox virus is similar to the smallpox virus, which is also known as human pox, and the smallpox virus has been eradicated. Since the monkeypox virus is similar to the smallpox virus, it stands to reason that they cause similar symptoms. <>

Although the monkeypox virus and the smallpox virus are close relatives, the monkeypox virus is significantly weaker, and the symptoms and fatality rate caused by infection are milder than those caused by the smallpox virusIf you can't easily remove it, it will be disfigured。Generally speaking, these viruses are orthopoxviruses, which have small mutations, and after being infected with one of the viruses or vaccinated against one of the viruses, they can obtain lifelong immunity and immunity to other orthopoxviruses. However, after the world declared that the smallpox virus had been eradicated, countries gradually canceled smallpox virus vaccination, so the immunity of the younger generation to the monkeypox virus is declining.

When humans are first infected with the virus, they generally have no obvious symptoms, but after a period of infection, symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, and difficulty breathing will occur, and in severe cases, sepsis will occur. In the later stage, there will be a rash all over the body, and the rash will go through several stages of development from macules, papules, blisters to pustules, and,This blister will scab over and leave a scar when it gets better！In other words, once infected with monkeypox, it may not endanger the life safety of the body, but if the sequelae left is disfigurement, it is difficult for many people to accept it, and life is worse than death.

For the monkeypox virus, don't be afraid, take personal protection, avoid being bitten or scratched by animals that may carry the virus, and limit direct contact with blood and undercooked meat that carries the virus. I don't believe monkeypox will become a world pandemic. Because the current level of medical care is much better than before.

We know how to prevent the monkeypox virus, how to **. Even if you are unfortunately infected, don't give up on yourself, at least you are still alive.

2022 is really a difficult year, there was a new crown before the "trouble", and after the monkeypox virus was exposed, the friends sighed in their hearts "Enough is enough". However, fortunately, the monkeypox virus has not been introduced into our country at present, and it is more spread in a small area abroad.

But this doesn't mean that we can completely "lie flat", and we still need to understand how monkeypox spreads and how to prevent it.

Before understanding how monkeypox spreads, let's talk about the origins of the monkeypox virus. Monkeypox was first identified in monkeys in 1958 and is a zoonotic virus. The first case of monkeypox infection was detected in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in 1970, and since then there have been several outbreaks of monkeypox virus in West African countries.

However, because it has not been found around us, it is not taken seriously by the public.

The main ways monkeypox is transmitted are as follows:"through direct contact with the blood, body fluids, ** or mucosal wounds of an infected animal; Secondary transmission between humans is mainly due to close contact with respiratory secretions, ** injuries, or items contaminated by the patient's body fluids or diseased tissues (such as clothing, bed sheets, etc., contaminated with the liquid flowing out of the patient's rash after the rash has ruptured); through mother-to-child transmission and XING transmission; The monkeypox virus can be found in respiratory droplets, but it usually takes prolonged face-to-face contact to spread. ”

Now that we know how monkeypox is transmitted, let's talk about how to prevent the monkeypox virus

01. Vaccinate against smallpox. According to existing research, the vaccine against smallpox is also very effective against the monkeypox virus, which is about 85% effective, because both belong to the same virus family. Of course, whether there is a need for vaccination depends on the actual situation, and in terms of the current environment we are in, I personally do not think there is much need for vaccination.

02. Household disinfectants can effectively kill the monkeypox virus.

03. Avoid contact with animals or patients that may carry the monkeypox virus. This approach can be said to solve the possibility of being infected by the monkeypox virus at the source. At the same time, I also recommend that you pay attention to personal hygiene in your daily life, wash your hands frequently (with alcohol-based hand sanitizer or soapy water), and change your clothes frequently, as this can effectively eliminate germs.

One might ask if the monkeypox virus will be as widespread as the coronavirus, which seems unlikely to me. The reason for this is that the fatality rate of the monkeypox virus is relatively high, which prevents the continued spread of the monkeypox virus to a certain extent. However, nothing should be taken lightly, and there is nothing wrong with knowing a little more.

This year will be difficult for all walks of life, but we must strengthen our confidence that the haze will eventually dissipate and will surely blossom all the way in the future.

What is the monkeypox virus?

Monkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans through close contact and is not easily transmitted from person to person, but can also be infected by close contact with an infected person.

The monkeypox virus was first identified in monkeys in 1958, hence the name monkeypox, but now rodents are also seen as possible primary animal reservoirs.

In 1970, the first human case of monkeypox was detected in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Since then, there have been multiple outbreaks of monkeypox in West African countries.

How the monkeypox virus is transmitted.

The main mode of transmission of the monkeypox virus is through direct contact with the blood, body fluids, **, or mucosal wounds of infected animals.

Secondary transmission between humans is mainly due to close contact with respiratory secretions, ** injuries, or items contaminated by the patient's body fluids or diseased tissues (such as clothing, bed sheets, etc., contaminated with the liquid flowing out of the patient's rash after the rash has ruptured);

The monkeypox virus can be found in respiratory droplets, but it usually takes prolonged face-to-face contact to spread.

What are the symptoms of monkeypox?

The incubation period of monkeypox can reach 5-21 days.

In the early stages of the disease, patients present with symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle aches, back pain, swollen lymph nodes, etc.

Usually within 1 to 3 days after the fever, the patient will develop a rash of varying severity and spread from the face to other parts of the body. The rash evolves from an initially flat maculopapular rash to small, fluid-filled blisters to pustules, which crust over after about 10 days and disappear completely after about three weeks. When the rash appears, the patient is contagious.

The monkeypox virus can be transmitted from animals to humans through direct close contact and can also be transmitted from person to person. The main routes of infection include blood and body fluids. However, monkeypox is far less contagious than the smallpox virus.

The monkeypox virus is contagious and can be infected.

It can be transmitted through direct contact and respiratory droplets, mainly in children who have not been vaccinated against vaccinia.

Pay attention to hygiene, wear a mask, and wash your hands frequently, which is effective against many viruses.

Monkeypox is a naturally occurring disease caused by the African monkey smallpox virus, which occurs in monkeys in the rainforests of central and western Africa, but can also infect other animals, and occasionally infects humans. Human monkeypox, also known as Yaba monkey virus disease, is a smallpox-like infectious disease caused by the Yaba monkey virus. It is one of the rare infectious diseases that occurs in the tropical forests of Africa and does not spread from person to person.

Monkeypox is a naturally occurring disease caused by the monkey smallpox virus, which occurs in monkeys in the rainforests of central and western Africa, but can also infect other animals, and occasionally infects humans. Human monkeypox, also known as Yaba monkey virus disease, is a smallpox-like infectious disease caused by the Yaba monkey virus, which is one of the rare infectious diseases that occurs in the tropical forests of Africa and does not spread from person to person. People are bitten and scratched by monkeys and other animals, and after an incubation period of 5 to 7 days, small nodules appear locally, which gradually expand to 2 cm, and can heal on their own after 3 to 4 weeks.

This is an infectious disease that everyone is more concerned about nowadays, and the monkeypox epidemic is raging in many countries, but fortunately, there has not been much outbreak around our country. Look at the map and hope it will calm down soon.

What is Monkeypox?

Presumably, everyone has been swiped by the news that monkeypox is contagious in several countries in Europe and the United States, so what is monkeypox? Let me explain it for you.

Monkeypox is a rare viral zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virusMonkey populations, first found in the primeval forests of western and central Africa, can also infect rodents or other animals.

Monkeypox manifests itself as a pox-like rash as shown in the picture below, hence the name monkeypox.

Go back to the roots

If we trace back to the source, we will find that we are no strangers to monkeypox, this is our smell of "flower" discoloration, smallpox close relatives, although smallpox in 1980 smallpox has been extinct, but that is only human smallpox extinct, this time the pox virus is still widespread in the world, including monkeypox, cowpox, he will exist in our middle host, may infect both animals and people.

Judging from the information in the current report, infection with this virus may cause herpes like chickenpox, which is very similar to smallpox, an infection like pox virus, not as simple as a few herpes, patients will also have fever, headache, fatigue, muscle aches and other symptoms, most patients may be within a few weeks**, but recently some serious patients will also die, according to WHO data, the case fatality rate of different branches of monkeypox virus varies greatly, about 1%-10%, The fatality rate of smallpox infection is more than 30%.

First discovered. Monkeypox was first identified in monkey populations used for research, and the first human infection was only recorded in 1970, and there have been sporadic outbreaks in the past but not as concentrated as they do now. From December last year to May this year, four African countries reported 1,315 confirmed cases to the WHO, and since May 16, the WHO has repeatedly released cases of infection in European and American countries, and said that the monkeypox virus has been transmitted from person to person, which is a very bad sign, and the WHO** cases will further increase.

From the perspective of the virus itself, monkeypox used to be a relatively lazy virus, and it was self-limiting after infection (that is, a disease that would get better on its own), Yin Ye, CEO of BGI, said that there are very few specific drugs for monkeypox at this stage, but it does not mean that there are none, and people infected with monkeypox virus can be relieved within 14-20 days.

Mode of transmission

The transmission pattern of monkeypox virus is similar to that of most plagues, mainly including close contact and respiratory droplet transmission.

The monkeypox virus is not very transmissible, and frequent hand washing, wearing masks, and frequent disinfection can effectively prevent the spread of the monkeypox virus. At the same time, some studies have also shown that if you have been vaccinated against smallpox, it can also be more than 85% effective in preventing monkeypox. Be careful, there's no need to panic excessively.

The monkeypox virus has the typical morphology of orthopoxvirus, which is the same morphology as orthopoxvirus, with rounded corners and bricks or oval shapes, and a size of 200 400 nm. Brick-shaped or ovate, surrounded by a lipoprotein membrane or envelope, with two protein-containing lateral bodies in the middle, and a thick membrane core containing large double-stranded DNA gene bodies.

Characteristics of the monkeypox virus

Monkeypox is mainly transmitted through "close contact" such as bodily fluids and blood, and the respiratory tract needs to be transmitted through "prolonged face-to-face contact" or in a "confined space". The monkeypox virus belongs to a DNA double-stranded structure and is structurally stable. The new crown pneumonia virus belongs to the single-stranded structure of RNA, and the structure is unstable, so variants often appear, and the smallpox virus vaccine is also effective against monkeypox by more than 85%.

The monkeypox virus is rectangular in shape and can be cultured and grown in kidney cells of African green monkeys, causing cytopathy. The genome of the monkeypox virus is double-stranded DNA about 197 kb long, and the end of the genome contains an identical but opposite inverted repeat of the end. The virus contains 190 open reading frames, 4 of which are located in terminal inverted repeats.

The amount of guanine + cytosine in the monkeypox virus genome is very low, accounting for about 33%.

The dangers of monkey bean virusIn general, after being infected with monkeypox, the virus remains dormant in the body for about 5 to 21 days. Symptoms then begin to appear and last for about 2 to 5 weeks. At the beginning of the virus, there are no obvious characteristics, and symptoms such as fever, headache, drowsiness, weakness and fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, back pain, and muscle pain are generally present.

Within 1 to 5 days of fever, a rash of various sizes will gradually appear on the face, and then the rash will continue to spread to the trunk, hands, feet, and all over the body. The rash develops into macules, the macules develop into papules, the papules develop into blisters, the blisters develop into pustules, etc., and finally crust over. It is possible for different stages of the rash to appear at the same time.

Monkeypox is a group of viruses that include vaccinia virus, smallpox virus, etc. Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease that is mainly transmitted through various animals such as monkeys, rabbits, etc. It is precisely because the monkeypox virus was first identified in green monkeys in Copenhagen that it was named monkeypox.

However, studies have shown that monkeypox can also be transmitted from person to person, possibly through droplets. Monkeypox is a type of monkeypox that occurs in the rainforests of west-central Africa. It can also infect other animals.

Sometimes, it infects humans. The clinical presentation is similar to that of celestial phenomena, but the disease is milder. The disease is caused by the monkeypox virus.

It belongs to a group of viruses that include the smallpox virus, the virus used in the smallpox vaccine, and the vaccinia virus.

The virus can be transmitted from animals to humans through direct and close contact, as well as from person to person. The main routes of transmission include blood and body fluids. However, monkeypox is much less contagious than the smallpox virus.

The monkeypox virus was first isolated from monkeys in 1958 in a laboratory in Copenhagen, Denmark, and was then known as the Copenhagen monkeypox virus; Later, other animals were found in Africa. When monkeypox occurs, the most important risk factor for monkeypox virus infection is close contact with other patients. In the absence of specific** and vaccines, the only way to reduce human infections is to raise awareness of risk factors and to educate people about what may need to be done to reduce viral infections.

Lasts 0-5 days and is characterized by fever, severe headache, lymph node pain, swollen lymph nodes, back pain, myalgia, and extreme weakness. The rash can occur all over the body. In 95% of cases, the rash occurs on the face, and in 75% of cases, the rash occurs on the palms and soles of the feet.

The rash occurs on the body part almost simultaneously. Lasting about 10 days, the rash progresses from a maculopapular rash to blisters and pustules, and finally crusts. After 3 weeks, the scab falls off and disappears.

Systemic lesions range from a few to thousands of lesions. 70% damage to the oral mucosa, 30% to the cheeks, and 20% to the eyelids and cornea. Some people develop severe lymphadenopathy before the rash develops.

The occurrence of lymphadenopathy helps in the differential diagnosis of monkeypox, as neither smallpox nor chickenpox can have lymphadenopathy. Monkeypox symptoms usually last 14-21 days. The mortality rate of the disease varies widely, with confirmed cases generally occurring in less than 10%.

Most deaths occur in young children.