What are the three aspects of soil deterioration? How should it be governed?

1.The soil hardens.

Deal damage. The harm of soil bedding to crops is that it is difficult to take root, and even if the root system can take root, it will also cause root soaking due to the low oxygen content of the soil.

Solution. Increase the amount of organic fertilizer and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer; water-saving irrigation to make full use of surface water; Promote straw returning to the field, promote no-tillage, and reduce soil erosion; Use soil amendments.

2.Soil salinization.

Cause. Long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers, insufficient organic fertilizers, and unreasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers lead to the increase of salt ions in the soil, hindering the normal absorption of water by roots, thereby affecting plant growth.

Soil salinization is aggravated, which hinders the normal water absorption of roots and affects plant growth.

Deal damage. Due to the increase in soil salinity, crops have difficulty absorbing water, poor root growth, and reduced stress resistance. Crops are susceptible to "physiological drought" and death.

Due to the excessive soluble salts in the soil, the infiltration potential increases, which reduces the soil water potential, resulting in the lack of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, restricting the growth of crops, and even leading to salt death.

Solution. The application of organic fertilizer, balanced fertilization, straw returning to the field, turning green manure, and using humic acid fertilizer to improve saline-alkali land can achieve the effect of desalination and fertilization.

3.Dysbiosis of soil flora.

Cause. Some of the biological bacteria in the soil are beneficial bacteria that can improve the environment in which roots grow; Some bacteria are harmful bacteria that can cause soil-borne diseases and cause dead seedlings. Due to high intensification, high multiple cropping index, and high consumption of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the soil aggregate structure is destroyed, and the number of harmful bacteria in the soil is increasing, while the beneficial bacteria are not replenished, resulting in the imbalance of soil flora.

Soil microbiota imbalance leads to frequent soil-borne diseases of crops.

Deal damage. It can lead to soil compaction, acidification, salinization, impermeability, water and fertilizer retention, nutrient deficiency, soil fertility failure, soil-borne diseases, etc.

Solution. Application of microbial agents, compound microbial fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers.

4.Soil acidification.

Cause. Excessive use of chemical nitrogen fertilizers and physiological acid fertilizers leads to an increase in acidity in the soil and acidification of the soil.

Soil deterioration leads to increased yellowing of citrus.

Deal damage. Soil acidification will inhibit the development of the root system, aggravate soil compaction, make it difficult for the root system to stretch, weak rooting ability, difficult to slow down seedlings, and easy to form old seedlings and old stiff seedlings. Soil acidification will also lead to the decline of the absorption and utilization rate of most medium and trace elements, and the loss of nutrients will be serious.

In the acidified soil environment, the rhizosphere harmful microorganisms multiply, and the species and growth of beneficial microorganisms in the soil change.

Solution. scientific fertilization, appropriate use or reduction of high-nitrogen fertilizers; Apply organic fertilizer, use biological organic fertilizer that can adjust the pH of the soil to cultivate microorganisms, improve soil structure, and prevent acidification and compaction; application of medium and trace element fertilizers; Sprinkle lime the next year, <>

Soil deterioration is mainly reflected in soil desertification, soil alkalinization, and the content of harmful substances in the soil. Soil deterioration should be managed scientifically, do not use chemical fertilizers, and try to use organic fertilizer crops.

There are no nutrients in the soil, the soil does not absorb the nutrients of chemical fertilizers, and the cultivation of any crops does not bear fruit; Organic fertilizers can be used to save phone bills, and reasonable irrigation is used to reduce the loss of nutrients.

The main factors affecting soil erosion are topography, climate, soil quality, and vegetation cover. Human activities affect the degree of soil erosion by affecting topography and vegetation cover.

The terrain slope is steep and the soil erosion is serious; Soil erosion is relatively light in flat areas. Soil erosion is strong in areas with high precipitation intensity, strong soil erosion in loose soil areas, and strong soil erosion in areas with low vegetation coverage. Human activities have destroyed vegetation, destabilized the terrain and exacerbated soil erosion.

1. Soil and water conservation agricultural technical measures to change the micro-topography of the ground and increase the roughness of the ground: intercept surface water and reduce soil erosion, mainly including cross-slope tillage, furrow planting, horizontal furrow, ridge building and other high-yield planting ditches.

2. Agricultural technical measures for soil and water conservation based on increasing ground cover: its role is to protect the ground, slow down runoff, and enhance soil erosion resistance, mainly including intercropping, grassland rotation, grassland strip intercropping, wide row dense planting, the use of straw and weeds for biological covering, no-tillage or less tillage and other measures.

3. Agricultural technical measures to increase soil infiltration: loosen the soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increase the soil erosion, infiltration, and water storage capacity, mainly increase the application of organic fertilizer, deep ploughing and soil reform, rain storage, and cooperate with rake, shallow tillage, etc., to reduce precipitation loss and control soil erosion.

The method of reducing soil erosion should be to apply as little chemical fertilizers and herbicides as possible, pesticides, chemical fertilizers are easy to make the soil compact, and herbicides are more harmful to the soil. Farmyard manure should be used more often to protect the soil.

The best way to deal with soil erosion is, of course, to plant trees and grasses to stabilize the soil! By accumulating trees and grass species suitable for growth in large areas where the soil is prone to erosion, firstly, plant roots can be used to fix the soil and reduce the scouring effect of surface runoff on the soil, secondly, planting tree leaves can also reduce the direct impact of rain on the ground and play a buffering role, and thirdly, planting trees and grasses in a large area can change the local microclimate, reduce the probability of disastrous weather, and also increase local rainfall. Of course, there are many ways to reduce soil erosion, such as reducing man-made development to avoid ecological damage, rational allocation of water resources, and so on.

The main thing is to plant trees, not to dig indiscriminately, and not to burn wasteland.

Reduce pesticides, reduce road hardening, use less non-degradable items, and reduce population.

Soil pollution is difficult to control. Once soil pollution occurs, the refractory pollutants in the soil are difficult to eliminate by dilution and self-purification, and it is often difficult to recover only by cutting off the pollution source, and sometimes it is necessary to solve the problem by changing the soil, leaching the soil, etc., and other treatment technologies are generally slow to take effect.

Therefore, the cost of remediation of contaminated soil is usually high and the remediation period is long. The methods of soil pollution control are as follows:

1) Use clean and pollution-free water for irrigation.

2) Scientific use of pesticides, pay attention to the development of high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides The scientific use of pesticides can not only reduce soil pollution, but also effectively eliminate diseases, insects and weeds, and give full play to the effectiveness of pesticides.

In production, it is necessary not only to control the dosage, scope of use, number of spraying and spraying time, improve spraying technology, but also to improve pesticide dosage forms, strictly limit the use of highly toxic and high-residue pesticides, and attach importance to the development and production of low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides.

3) Rational application of chemical fertilizer, increase the application of organic fertilizer according to the characteristics of the soil, formula fertilization, strict control of the amount of chemical fertilizer. The application of organic fertilizer to increase the content of soil organic matter can enhance the adsorption capacity of soil colloids to heavy metals and pesticides. At the same time, the application of organic fertilizer can also improve the biological activity of soil microorganisms and expand the biological community.

Accelerates the process of biological degradation.

4) The application of chemical amendments and the adoption of biological improvement measures are irreversible in soil pollution. Contamination of soil by heavy metals and organic chemicals is basically an irreversible process that takes a long time to degrade, with inhibitors applied in soils that are mildly contaminated with heavy metals. For the polluted soil, all effective measures should be taken to remove the pollutants in the soil and control the migration and transformation of soil pollutants.

5) Clean up the plastic film, remove the plastic film in a timely and comprehensive manner, and fundamentally prevent soil pollution.

Different measures should be taken for different degrees of soil damage, such as the lack of soil fertility, the application of green organic fertilizer, increase soil organic matter, restore and improve soil fertility. There are many factors that affect the soil, such as the effect of fertilizers in the soil on the soil, and so on. Let's talk about what to do if the soil is damaged and why these problems occur in the soil.

Enumerate: 1: Soil fertility declines: because farmland has not been applied to farmland for a long time, straw is returned to the field.

Rarely carried out will reduce the content of soil organic matter, and the structural damage and compaction of the soil will be more serious. Measures taken: increase the use of farm fertilizer, farm fertilizer contains more nutrients, can supplement the lack of nutrients in the soil, improve the organic matter content in the soil.

In addition, the method of returning straw to the field can also be used, which has a good effect on improving soil organic matter. <>

2: Soil salinization.

Unreasonable fertilization in the process of farming, excessive application of chemical fertilizers, and excessive use of fertilizers containing more nitrogen lead to low soil organic matter content and trace elements.

insufficient, soil compaction; The number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil decreases and is not replenished for a long time. Measures: chemical methods can be used to solve the problem, and the general chemical improvement method mainly uses the application of gypsum, phosphogypsum, and calcium sulfite.

and other chemical substances to improve, and the speed of this improvement method is relatively fast. The degree of soil salinization varies from place to place, and measures should be taken according to local conditions. <>

3: Soil acidification: Because excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer and physiological acid fertilizer, it will lead to an increase in acidic substances in the soil, which will acidify the soil.

Soil acidification will cause soil nutrient loss, activation of harmful heavy metals in soil, increase of harmful microorganisms in soil, especially parasitic fungi, and accelerate the occurrence of soil impoverishment and soil-borne diseases. Therefore, the impact of soil acidification is still relatively large. Take action:

Quicklime can be applied to the soil after the produce is harvested.

Adjust the pH in the soil with quicklime.

In addition, we can also use precision fertilization, when we cultivate crops, we apply fertilizer to them according to the needs of the plants, and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer used. <>

Apply organic fertilizer. It can increase soil organic matter, improve soil fertility, apply organic fertilizer can increase soil organic matter, and can also plant green manure crops. Acidic soils should be neutralized with lime and other alkaline materials, which can be gradually improved from year to year.

The application of organic matter in acidic or alkaline soils favors the utilization of various nutrients.

Coordinated crop rotation system: soil nutrient imbalance, different crop rotation methods can be used to absorb more nutrients, reduce the damage to the soil, so as to achieve a state of nutrient balance, and then through appropriate fertilization, the imbalance of soil nutrient deficiency can be improved.

Green fertilizers can improve the quality of open spaces. For legumes, such as clover and green beans, let the roots break down in the soil, adding as much soil element as possible. Green fertilizers can improve soil structure, bring more nutrients, and increase soil humus content.

But whether or not to use green manure depends on the date, soil conditions, gardener's needs, and terrain conditions. Crop rotation allows plants to grow one after the other in fertile soil. There is no risk of poverty, and pests and diseases do not have time to attack susceptible plants because the plants are constantly on the move.

Crop rotation, especially for leguminous crops, is most conducive to increasing soil organic matter. The use of plastic film mulching should be increased in management to reduce soil erosion and topsoil erosion, which is also one of the ways to maintain soil organic matter. In recent years, the application of humic acid and peat soil has also been beneficial to the increase and stabilization of soil organic matter.

The climate is also the main condition that affects the soil, in winter, the plants on the ground are eroded, naturally seeping into the soil, where they are broken down into organic matter by soil decomposers, forming the black soil as we know it in the following year. On the other hand, if a place is washed by rain throughout the year, nutrients in the soil are lost.

Since different crops have different requirements for soil nutrients, it is important to understand the characteristics of crop varieties that require fertilizers. During growth, the leaves replenish the nutrient deficiencies. Then improve the properties of the soil, such as acid-base discomfort, which can adjust the nutrient absorption balance.

If it is due to certain nutrients.

There are many factors that affect the soil, and it has to do with the local socio-ecological circle and the crops grown in the soil. If you want to repair the soil, you should level the land as much as possible and plant it every other year.

Soil fertility must be ensured, watering and fertilizing must be done in time, and the straw can be ground into foam and buried in the soil, which may be caused by weather factors, may be because of crops, and may be pests and diseases.

Understand the soil, then find out the factors that are not good in the soil, and add more fertilizer to the soil to fix it. Environmental factors, social factors, personal factors, weather and temperature factors.

In such a situation, first of all, we must use more new soil, so that the soil can be repaired. The factors that affect the soil are the later use, plus the influence of the environment itself.

Soil treatment is a comprehensive project to restore and improve the quality of damaged land, maintain the health of the ecological environment, and achieve sustainable human development.

The main reasons for soil remediation include:

Land degradation: Due to overuse, changes in the environmental situation, human effects and other reasons, the quality of land has deteriorated and the productive capacity of land has decreased, and it is necessary to carry out governance and reconstruction to restore land ecology and function.

Land pollution: Human activities such as industry, agriculture, mining, etc. will lead to soil pollution, which will exacerbate the environmental risks and sanitary risks, and pollution control is required to protect the ecological environment and human health.

Disaster prevention: Due to the increase in population and changes in the natural environment, such as grassland degradation and soil erosion, natural disasters such as desertification and floods have intensified, and soil treatment can effectively prevent the occurrence of these disasters and ensure the safety of human life and property.

Achieve sustainable development: Soil governance helps to promote sustainable development and ecological security, maintain public interests and long-term use and protection of resources, and is conducive to the harmonious coexistence of human beings and nature.

Therefore, soil treatment is to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of the ecological environment of the fiber tribe, and it is necessary for people to achieve the purpose of harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature by improving the ecological environment of the land and reconstructing the function of the land.