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After reading Robinson Crusoe again, I realized how people should live meaningfully. Paul When bankers want to seize the right to issue a country's currency, they.
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Strong purchasing power, low prices, high price comparison with **, strong exchange ability.
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Under the two-level money creation structure, the bank creates the base money and the commercial bank creates the deposit money. First of all, let's look at the influence of the former factors, which are related to the economic situation of the whole country, including the growth rate of the economy, fiscal policy, etc., in short, the central bank determines the amount of money according to the amount required in circulation. Secondly, the influencing factor of the latter, the most important is the reserve requirement ratio, the higher the reserve requirement ratio, the less money is created.
Then it is also relevant to the implementation of the own policies of individual commercial banks. As for the factors that affect the demand for money, the main ones are:
People's real income, commodity level or index, interest rate, and the degree of financial development of a country (such as pip banking, which is convenient for credit card transactions, and the demand for money is small). According to the book, the demand for money comes from three main motives:
Transactional motivation, prevention motivation, speculative motivation.
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The money supply is mainly determined by the central bank, and the central banks of each country have their own set of calculation issuance and adjustment mechanisms, but they are not the same between countries, and they also need to be based on their own national conditions, but each country generally decides according to the following factors:
1. The overall impact of public income on consumption propensity.
2. Price changes.
3. Economic development and institutional changes.
4. Changes in the ratio of deposits and cash.
5. The degree of credit development.
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First, it is used as a general means of payment to cover the balance of payments.
Second, as a general means of purchasing, that is, purchasing goods from foreign countries with international currency.
Third, as a means of transferring general wealth between countries, that is, as a social transfer of wealth between countries, such as war reparations, loans, aid, gifts, etc.
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The money supply is mainly determined by the central bank, and the central banks of each country have their own set of calculation issuance and adjustment mechanisms, but they are not the same between countries, and they also need to be based on their own national conditions, but each country generally decides according to the following factors:
1. The overall impact of public income on consumption propensity.
2. Price changes.
3. Economic development and institutional changes.
4. Changes in the ratio of deposits and cash.
5. The degree of credit development.
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The money supply is determined by and is the product of the two factors, the base money and the money multiplier. These are influenced by a number of complex factors.
A base money is a money that has the ability to expand or contract the total money supply multiple. It is manifested in the liabilities of the uncracked banks, that is, the currencies that the banks put in and directly control, including the reserves of commercial banks and the currency held by the public.
The money multiplier, also known as the money expansion system, is a coefficient used to explain the relationship between the total money supply and the multiple of the base money.
Under certain conditions of the base money, the money multiplier determines the total amount of money supply. The larger the money multiplier, the greater the money supply; The smaller the money multiplier, the smaller the money supply. Therefore, the money multiplier is another important, even crucial, factor in determining the money supply.
However, unlike base money, the money multiplier is not an exogenous variable, because most of the factors that determine the money multiplier are not determined by the behavior of the monetary authority, but by the behavior of commercial banks and the general public.
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The main factor affecting the money supply is the reserve requirement.
Excess reserves, cash holdings, and deposit flushing.
Currency amount = currency multiplier.
Base Currency = (Excess Reserve Ratio + 1) (Statutory Reserve Ratio + Excess Reserve Ratio + Cash - Deposit Ratio).
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Answer]: The essence of money is to show the jujube skin through the manuscript selling function of money. The function of money developed with the development of commodity production and commodity exchange. The answer is b.
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The correct view about money is that the measure of value and the means of circulation are the basic functions of money
Money is a product of commodity exchange, a commodity that is separated from the commodity world in the process of commodity exchange and fixedly acts as a general equivalent, and is a kind of currency. Commonly known as money.
Currency (CCY) is a tool for measuring **, a medium for purchasing goods, a good hand for preserving wealth, a contract between the owner of property and the market on the right of exchange, and essentially an agreement between the owner. Contains currency in circulation, bank bills, etc.
When the market is in the stage of barter, whether the exchange can occur depends on the complementarity of supply and demand between the two sides of the exchange, this complementarity is not always existing, it may be that A is missing B, and B is missing D, if there are only A and B, then the exchange cannot be carried out.
Assuming that C exists and D lacks A, then under a certain agreement, the exchange can take place between A, B, and C in the form of a two-party exchange. The agreement is that B and C agree that A can be exchanged for D, so that he can exchange B for A with A, although A is not what he ultimately needs, and it acts as a medium of exchange.
We extend the role in this case to refer to A as a buyer, B as a seller, and C as a market, which can be either a C or a combination of internal exchanges. In this way, A acts as a currency, i.e., A uses A to buy B from B, and B holds A and uses it to exchange D for C.
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Money is the product of negotiation between people in the process of exchanging goods.
Structural monetary policy is the mainstay, and re-lending and re-discounting guide and support the real economy to create two monetary policy tools that directly reach the real economy; MLF and OMO are used to build interest rate corridors, and central bank bills are swapped to improve the liquidity of the secondary market of bank perpetual bonds.
The prudent monetary policy should be more flexible, moderate, and precisely oriented, improve the monetary regulation and control mechanism, control the general gate of the currency, scientifically grasp the strength, rhythm and focus of monetary policy operations, maintain reasonable and abundant liquidity, and maintain the growth rate of the amount of broad monetary currency and the scale of social financing to basically match the growth rate of nominal GDP reflecting potential output.
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