What are the factors of air pollution, and what are the aspects of air pollution

1. Meteorological dynamic factors.

Mainly refers to wind and turbulence, which play a decisive role in the dilution and diffusion of pollutants in the atmosphere. Wind is the horizontal movement of the atmosphere, the wind speed and wind direction are different at different times, the wind transports pollutants from the pollution source to the downwind direction, and also plays a role in diluting the pollutants. Generally speaking, the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere is directly proportional to the amount of pollutants emitted and inversely proportional to the speed of the wind.

If the wind speed is doubled, the concentration of pollutants downwind will be halved.

Turbulence is the irregular movement of the atmosphere. The wind speed is sometimes large and sometimes small, with the characteristics of formation, and there will also be irregular agitation up and down, left and right in the direction of the dominant wind, which is atmospheric turbulence. Pollutants drift downwind under the action of wind, diffuse and dilute, and at the same time, gradually spread to the surroundings under the action of turbulence, we see that when the smoke cloud discharged from the chimney drifts downwind, the smoke cloud is easily disassembled or torn and deformed by the turbulence, so that the smoke mass spreads quickly.

2. Meteorological and thermal factors mainly refer to the temperature stratification and atmospheric stability of the atmosphere.

Atmospheric stratification refers to the vertical distribution of atmospheric temperature, which determines the stability of the atmosphere, and the stability of the atmosphere affects the intensity of turbulence, which is an important factor affecting air pollution.

The distribution of air temperature in the troposphere is that with the increase of altitude, the air temperature decreases, and the air is cold in the upper layer and warm in the lower layer. Therefore, the convection effect of the atmosphere is significant when it is vertically unstable, which can cause the pollutants to diffuse and dilute in the vertical direction. In the lower atmosphere near the Earth, there is sometimes an inverse temperature distribution that is opposite to the air temperature distribution in the standard atmosphere, that is, the temperature increases with the increase of altitude, which is called a temperature inversion. The emergence of the inversion layer makes the upper part of the atmosphere hot and the lower part of the atmosphere cold, and the atmosphere is stable, and no convection can occur, so that the air pollutants cannot be diffused and diluted in the vertical direction, so it is easy to cause air pollution.

Vehicle exhaust sulfides emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels.

In the basin, the atmosphere is stable, pollutants do not flow easily, and it is easy to cause air pollution.

Insufficient greenery, little vegetation, etc., cannot effectively purify the air.

The layout of the city is unreasonable, and the industrial area and living area are mixed.

Automobile exhaust emissions, combustion of fuels such as coal, etc.

(1) Industry: There are many kinds of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere by industrial production, including soot, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, organic compounds, halides, carbon compounds, etc. Some of them are soot, and some are gases.

2) Stoves and heating boilers: A large number of civil stoves and heating boilers in the city need to consume a large amount of coal, and the coal will release a large amount of dust, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and other harmful substances to pollute the atmosphere during the combustion process.

3) Transportation: Automobiles, trains, airplanes, and ships are the main means of transportation in contemporary times, and the exhaust gases produced by burning coal or oil are also important pollutants. In particular, the number of cars in the city is large and concentrated, and the pollutants emitted can directly invade people's respiratory organs, which is very serious to the air pollution of the city, and has become one of the main sources of air pollution in the big city.

The exhaust gases emitted by automobiles mainly include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, and the first three substances are very harmful.

Air pollutants can be divided into two categories, namely natural pollutants and man-made pollutants, which are often caused by man-made pollutants, which are mainly used in fuel combustion and large-scale industrial and mining enterprises.

Particulate matter: refers to liquid, solid matter in the atmosphere, also known as dust.

Sulfur oxide: is a general term for sulfur oxides, including sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, sulfur trioxide, sulfur monoxide, etc.

Carbon oxides: Mainly include carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.

Nitrogen oxides: is a general term for nitrogen oxides, including nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrous oxide, etc.

Hydrocarbons: Compounds formed by carbon and hydrogen, such as methane, ethane and other hydrocarbon gases.

Other hazardous substances: such as heavy metals, fluorine-containing gases, chlorine-containing gases, etc.

The main cause of air pollution is industry, industry is an important part of air pollution, industry emits a wide variety of pollutants into the atmosphere, complex nature, including soot, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, organic compounds, halides, carbon compounds, etc. Some of them are soot, and some are gases.

Air pollution is a phenomenon in which certain substances enter the atmosphere due to human activities or natural processes in sufficient concentrations for a sufficient period of time, and thus endanger the comfort, health and welfare of the human body or the environment.

Air pollutants enter the atmosphere from man-made or natural sources, participate in the circulation process of the atmosphere, and after a certain residence time, they are removed from the atmosphere through chemical reactions, biological activities and physical deposition in the atmosphere. If the rate of output is less than the rate of input, it will accumulate relatively in the atmosphere, causing an increase in the concentration of a substance in the atmosphere. When the concentration rises to a certain level, it will directly or indirectly cause acute and chronic harm to people, organisms or materials, and the atmosphere will be polluted.

Air pollution sources can be divided into two categories: natural and man-made. Natural pollution sources are formed due to natural causes (such as volcanic eruptions, forest fires, etc.), and man-made pollution sources are formed due to people's production and living activities. Among the sources of man-made pollution, they can be divided into two types: fixed (such as chimneys, industrial exhaust cylinders) and mobile (such as cars, trains, airplanes, ships).

When the air is bad, you can use the fresh air system indoors. The fresh air system sends the outdoor fresh air to the room through the fresh air supply device after filtering it through the fresh fan, the outside air has high oxygen content, but there are also many harmful gases and germs, and the filtration system of the fresh air fan can effectively intercept these harmful gases, which not only ensures that the indoor oxygen is sufficient, but also ensures the cleanliness and safety of the indoor air.

The causes of air pollution are mainly divided into two points: 1. Natural pollution sources. For example, volcanic eruptions, forest fires, natural dust, etc. will cause air quality to deteriorate; 2. Man-made pollution sources.

For example, fuel combustion will release harmful substances such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide; Pollutant emissions from industrial production processes, such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide emissions from petrochemical enterprises; Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and soot containing heavy metal elements emitted by the non-ferrous metal smelting industry can also cause air pollution.

Air pollution refers to the phenomenon that the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere reaches a harmful level, so as to destroy the ecosystem and the conditions for the normal survival and development of human beings, and cause harm to people and things. It is caused by natural factors (such as volcanic eruptions, forest disasters, rock weathering, etc.) and human factors (such as industrial exhaust gases, fuels, automobile exhaust gases, and nuclear **, etc.), especially the latter.

Air pollution is caused by human activities or natural processes that cause certain substances to enter the atmosphere, present sufficient concentrations, reach sufficient time, and thus endanger human health and welfare, and damage the environment.

Air pollutants include small particulate pollutants such as dust, smoke, and fog, as well as gaseous pollutants such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.

There are two kinds of natural factors (such as forest fires, volcanic eruptions, etc.) and human factors (such as industrial exhaust gases, domestic coal burning, automobile exhaust gases, etc.), and the latter is the main factor, especially caused by industrial production and transportation.

1) Natural sources of air pollution.

1. Volcanic eruption: emits particulate matter such as H S, CO, CO, HF, SO and volcanic ash.

2. Forest fires: emission of CO, CO, SO, NO, HC, etc.

3. Natural dust: wind sand, soil dust, etc.

4. Forest plant release: mainly terpene hydrocarbons.

5. Wave droplet particulate matter: mainly sulfate and sulfite.

2) Anthropogenic sources of pollution.

The so-called air pollution source refers to the source of pollutants transported to the atmosphere by human activities. The sources of anthropogenic pollution of the atmosphere can be summarized into the following four aspects: fuel combustion, emissions from industrial production processes, emissions from transportation processes, and emissions from agricultural activities.

There are many kinds of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere by industry, and the nature is complex, including soot, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, organic compounds, halides and carbon nucleus collisions, etc., which are the main means of transportation in contemporary times, and the exhaust gas produced by burning coal or oil is also an important source of pollution. In particular, cars, trains, airplanes, ships, etc. in the city, some of which are coal-burning boilers, will release a large amount of dust, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and other harmful substances to pollute the atmosphere. There are three main aspects of air pollution:

1) Industry. (2) Factory. (3) Transportation.

4) Transportation.

There are three main causes of air pollution, namely:

1.Industry, an important ** of air pollution is industry. There are many types of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere by industry, and their properties are extremely complex, including soot, nitrogen oxides, organic compounds, etc.

2.Cookstoves and heating boilers: The more people in cities use living stoves and heating boilers, the more coal is consumed. During the combustion process of coal, more harmful substances such as dust and carbon monoxide will be released to pollute the atmosphere;

3.Transportation: trains, cars, planes, etc. It is the main means of transportation in modern times, and the exhaust gas produced by burning coal or oil is also an important pollutant, especially for cars, which are large and concentrated, and will cause serious pollution to the air bodies in the city.

Ways to reduce air pollution:

1.Reduce pollutant emissions.

reform the energy structure and adopt non-polluting and low-polluting energy; pretreatment of fuels to reduce the amount of substances that pollute the atmosphere during combustion; 2.Development of plant purification.

Plant purification is an effective method when air pollutants have the widest impact and low concentrations. In some cities and industrial zones, the planned and selective expansion of green space is a long-term and multi-functional measure for comprehensive prevention and control of air pollution.

3.Control the discharge of major pollutants.

In the combustion process and industrial production process, after taking measures such as reducing pollutant emissions and developing plant purification, there are still pollutants discharged into the atmosphere, and the emission concentration and total amount should be controlled so that they do not exceed the environmental capacity of the region. A variety of dust collectors are available for dust removal and industrial dust, and gas absorption towers can also be used to handle hazardous gases.

Legal basis

Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution

Article 2 The prevention and control of air pollution shall be aimed at improving the quality of the atmospheric environment, persisting in source control, planning first, changing the mode of economic development, optimizing the industrial structure and layout, and adjusting the energy structure。

To prevent and control air pollution, comprehensive prevention and control of air pollution such as coal burning, industry, motor vehicles and ships, dust, and agriculture shall be strengthened, joint prevention and control of regional air pollution shall be promoted, and coordinated control of air pollutants and greenhouse gases such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and ammonia shall be implemented. _

<>1) Building materials. Building materials that do not meet the national standards for building materials contain radioactive substances (radon) or harmful gases (ammonia) that exceed the standard, which will be gradually released.

2) Decoration materials. Due to the use of adhesives containing formaldehyde resins, plywood and partitions used in interior decoration will gradually release some organic pollutants. In addition, there are other types of decorative materials, such as wallpaper, synthetic carpets, styrofoam, paints and coatings, which also release toxic pollutants.

3) Biological pollution sources. Air pollution can be caused by hair, body scale and dander from pets, bacteria, molds and viruses from spoilage and pet metabolites.

4) Instruments and equipment. The air-conditioning system itself is also easy to become a source of pollution, such as the condensate on the surface of the heat exchanger during the cooling and dehumidification process, which is very easy to breed bacteria. Filters trap dust and microorganisms and can easily become a major source of contamination in the system if not replaced in time.

Printing and copying equipment can also increase the concentration of particulate matter in the room when it is running.

5) Human activities. Smoking releases harmful substances such as nicotine, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, acetaldehyde, acetone, tar and particulate matter. Cooking, heating, and boiling water can also produce pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter.

6) The human body itself. Human behaviors such as coughing, sneezing, and breathing or metabolism can also produce pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide and organic acids.

A person needs to breathe air to stay alive. An adult breathes about 20,000 times a day and inhales 15 20 cubic meters of air. Therefore, polluted air has a direct impact on human health.

The harm of air pollutants to the human body is multifaceted, manifested as respiratory system damage, physiological dysfunction, digestive system disorders, nervous system abnormalities, mental decline, carcinogenesis, and disability. People call the smoke of this catastrophe the smoke of murder.

When the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere is very high, it can cause acute pollution poisoning, or worsen the symptoms, and even kill thousands of people in a few days. In fact, even if the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere is not high, the human body breathes this polluted air for many months, which can cause diseases such as chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, emphysema and lung cancer.