How to understand the theory of plate tectonics according to the theory of plates?

1) The Earth's lithosphere is not a whole, but is divided into plates by some tectonic belts;

2) the drift of plates over the asthenosphere;

3) The interior of the plate is relatively stable, and the crust at the junction of the plate is relatively active;

4) The world's ** belts and volcanic belts are mainly distributed in the plate junction zone.

1. The theory of plate tectonics.

1.The theory of plate tectonics is based on the theory of continental drift and the theory of seafloor spreading. According to this new theory, the Earth's surface is covered with undeformed and solid plates (lithosphere) that are indeed moving at a rate of 1 cm to 10 cm per year.

2.Since the Earth's surface area is finite, the Earth's plates are classified into three states: one is the converging plate boundaries that are close to each other; the second is the detached plate boundaries that are far away from each other; The third is the intertwined transition plate boundaries.

The plates themselves do not deform, and the earth's surface activities occur intensively in these three states.

Second, the basic content.

The theory of plate tectonics is a new theory of continental drift proposed by French geologists Le Pichon in 1968, Mackenzie, Morgan and others, which is a specific extension of the theory of seafloor expansion.

3. Plate tectonics.

Plate tectonics, also known as global tectonics. The term "plates" refers to lithospheric plates, including the entire crust and the top of the upper mantle below the Moho surface, that is, the top of the mantle above the crust and asthenosphere. The new global tectonic theory holds that large-scale horizontal movements have occurred and continue to occur in both continental and oceanic crusts.

However, this horizontal movement does not occur between the silicon-aluminum and silicon-magnesium layers, as the continental drift theory envisages, but rather the lithospheric plates move like a conveyor belt along the entire mantle asthenosphere, and the continents are only on the conveyor belt"passengers"。

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Analysis: In 1944, Holmes proposed the theory of mantle convection-thermal convection; The fluid in the mantle rises to the continent** and spreads out to the left and right, and the continent splits to both sides from here, which is the power source of continental drift. Based on advances in marine geology, Hess proposed in 1961 that mid-ocean ridges are places where new crust is constantly formed.

Diets, Vine, Matthews, et al. (1963) demonstrated the existence of ocean floor spreading, in which mantle convection drives ultramafic materials to rise from mid-ocean ridge fissures, creating new oceanic crust, pushing older crust outward and branching into trenches, subducting into the mantle and dying out. In 1964, Kirks compiled a million-year magnetic field reverse chronology.

In 1965, Wilson proposed the concept of a conversion fault, combining continental drift and ocean floor expansion into a global zone of activity and a rigid plate, and called it "the poetry of the earth". In 1968, Le Pichon divided the global lithosphere into six plates, namely: the Taili Flat Ocean, Eurasia, India, Africa, the Americas and the Antarctic Plate, of which only the former is composed of oceanic crust, and the latter five include both the oceanic crust and the continental crust.

In the 60s and 70s, a series of international cooperation programs were organized to test and study the theory of plate tectonics. Among the most famous are the International Crustal Mantle Programme (1963-1971), the International Geodynamics Programme (1972-1977), the International Decade of Ocean Exploration (DODE), the Joint Oceanographic Society (AIO) Deep Earth Sampling Programme and the Deep Sea Drilling Programme (SSI).

In 1980, the lithospheric plan was proposed, and 13 major research projects such as the formation and development of the earth's crust and upper mantle were formulated, marking a new stage in the development of plate tectonics, that is, in the early days, it was marked by the movement of the ocean to land and geophysics challenging geology, and from the 80s, it was marked by the movement of sail-sensitive land to the sea and geology challenging geophysics.

Since the 80s, many geologists have felt that the simple model of plate tectonics is not suitable for continental regions, especially those with complex tectonic structures. The key issue in the development of plate tectonics is not to divide from 6 plates to 20 or 30 plates, but to advocate some new concepts to solve the problems faced by plates after landing. In this way, the concept of tectonic stratigraphy emerged in the western United States and developed into the theory of tectonics, in Europe the concept of thin-skinned plates developed into collisional tectonics, and in the former Soviet Union, the theory of lithospheric tectonic stratification appeared.

New ideas have also emerged in terms of plate dynamics, such as the giant mantle plume theory.

[Plate theory, continental drift is an out-and-out shocking **].

The formation of land by the sedimentation of water completely negates the continental drift, the formation of new land is related to the sedimentation of water areas into new land, the formation of water by land is also related to water, water covers a large area of land, and land becomes water, which is the transformation of water and land, and continental drift has nothing to do with it, the change and redistribution of land and water in the landform is related to water, in the final analysis, it is the action of water that changes the distribution structure of land and water on the earth, and the emergence of new land is the water retreating, the land is gone, it is the water covering, It's not land drifting.

If the continents are drifting and the plates are moving, for the Himalayas, under the huge force of plate movement, the Himalayas will also move on a large scale, but all the geological textbooks, materials, and data do not have a little bit of information, and the Himalayas ** drift? Like which direction to drift? How far has it drifted? In the process of drifting, is there a landslide?

Again, regarding the order of lakes and basins, the two disciplines give two answers.

Geography: first there are lakes, then there are basins. Objective facts and experiments lead to the conclusion of geology: first there are basins, then there are lakes, which is based on the theory of plates.

In order to lie the "plate theory", structural geology has fabricated various types of basin formation, but however, there is only one kind of basin formation, that is, there is sedimentation in lakes and waters, as long as there is a sedimentation rate, the bottom of lakes and waters will rise over time, and eventually form marshland, land, and then transform into basins. This sentence is the key ***

Such a ridiculous answer came as no one expected. Errors in basic cognition will inevitably involve the correctness of various theories that follow. Well, the occurrence of this blind spot is extremely serious.

Next, the uplift and subsidence of the earth's crust can only form negative topography, not basins, uplift and subsidence can not form a sedimentary structure, and the sedimentary layer is a process formed over hundreds of thousands of years, and the uplift and subsidence of the earth's crust cannot complete the sedimentary process.

In addition, there are a large number of fish fossils, turtles and turtle egg fossils in the basin, then, before the formation of the basin must belong to the waters, otherwise, there will not be a large number of fish fossils, from the above aspects, it is concluded that the basin before the formation, is the water, not the crust is too subsidence can be completed, the cognition of structural geology is completely wrong, and it is also contrary to the view of geography.

The errors of structural geology caused the continental drift to be untenable, and the plate theory was not valid.

1 The global crust is divided into six major plates; The Pacific Plate, the Eurasian Plate, the African Plate, the American Plate, the Indian Ocean Plate (including Australia), and the Antarctic Plate.

The two plates are activity zones of subduction, collision zones, mid-ocean ridges, and conversion faults.

3 The interior of the plates is generally relatively stable, and the tectonic activity between the plates is more intense.