What authoritative books are used to obtain information on geology on the Internet?

Most of the information on geology on the Internet is based on authoritative books such as university geology textbooks and the Encyclopedia of China. The information in these books comes from 200 years of field surveys and drilling (including ocean bottom drilling) conducted by geological scientists around the world, as well as diagenetic and mineralization experiments simulated in the deep crust of the National Key Laboratory of Rocks. Then, through analysis and statistics, the laws of crustal movement (i.e., sea and land changes) are found and become theoretical.

However, geology is measured in millions of years, and the reason is that with the exception of ** and volcanic eruptions, all geological processes are extremely slow. For example, the speed of plate movement is only a few millimeters or 2-3 centimeters per year, and there are almost no signs of land and sea changes in a person's life.

Therefore, it is not credible to describe the process of land and sea change in units of 10,000 years, or even millennia.

Therefore, most of the geological information on the Internet is credible, and a few are not.

You can go to Nanjing University or China University of Geosciences to find the resources you need.

These times and changes are known based on the corresponding studies of the sediments and the corresponding dating. At present, it is considered to be basically correct.

To put it simply, these are all things that the rocks tell us.

Geology is the science of studying stones.

A mountain cliff that you see as nothing more than spectacular.

In the eyes of geologists, it is the history book of the earth

The Three Gorges is not just a beautiful scenic spot.

It is also a paradise in the eyes of geologists

To use a layman's word: 10,000 books on the history of the earth.

When you have professional knowledge of geology.

Those stones will tell you how the Three Gorges were formed, how they evolved, how they were paleological, how old they were, how old they were.

To study geology, you can read some "General Geology", "Groundwater Literature", "Regional and Geotectonics", etc.

General Geology: General Geology (Teaching Book for Colleges and Universities) is an introductory textbook for geology majors, and it is also the preferred reference book for related majors and earth science enthusiasts. General Geology (Teaching Book for Colleges and Universities) is divided into 15 chapters, which comprehensively and systematically expounds the basic knowledge of geology, focuses on the basic principles of geological processes and their main products, briefly introduces the history of the evolution of the earth and the lithosphere, and briefly explains the relationship between man and the earth's resources and environment.

General Geology (Teaching Book for Colleges and Universities)" is concise and concise, with accurate data, which is easy for beginners to read.

Groundwater Hydrology: Groundwater hydrology is a sub-discipline of hydrology that uses the principles of hydrological cycle and water balance to study groundwater formation, movement, water conditions and groundwater resources. It is closely related to hydrogeology, which mainly studies the origin, type, distribution, movement, formation of chemical composition and geological environment of groundwater, but the research content has its own emphasis.

Groundwater is a kind of water body in nature, underground runoff is a link in the hydrological cycle, and groundwater resources are an important part of water resources. Therefore, the study of groundwater not only has theoretical significance, but also has practical significance in solving the problems of water supply, drainage and soil salinization control.

Regional and Geotectonics: This book consists of two parts: the foundations of geotectonics and an overview of regional tectonics in China. The Fundamentals of Geotectonics mainly introduces the basic concepts and main characteristics of mantle tectonics on the earth's crust, troughs, platforms, deep faults, continental drift, seafloor spreading, and plate tectonics.

The overview of China's regional tectonics mainly focuses on the theory of troughs and platforms, combined with the theory of plate tectonics, briefly discusses the tectonic zoning of China, the brief characteristics of China's platforms, trough fold systems and deep faults, the outline of China's plate tectonics, and the evolution of China's tectonics. The Qilian Caledonian fold system, Shanxi fault uplift and Tanlu deep fault zone are used as examples of troughs, platforms, deep faults and paleoplate tectonics.

First of all, to know the regional geology of the area, I recommend a 1:200,000 or 1:50,000 regional geological survey report; Geological map description of Kashgar Prefecture of Xinjiang [Science and Technology Report]: 1:200,000 Geological Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

Secondly: 1. Multi-cyclic tectonic evolution and metallogenesis in the Tianshan Mountains, Wang Zuoxun et al., Science Press, 1990

2. Geological characteristics of Motosala iron-manganese deposit in Hejing County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Zhao Zhichang, The Third Geological Brigade of Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1986

3. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Metallogenic Mineral Metallogenic Law and **Diagram Description [Report]: 1:2 million Cheng Shoude, Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1986

4. Research Report on Saltohai Chromite in Tuoli County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [Monograph] Zhao Weiyun et al., The Seventh Geological Team of Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985

Petrology, Oreology, Mineral Deposits, Structural Geology, Exploration Engineering and Technology, etc.

The age of the Earth is about 4.6 billion years old. Geologists have found that the layers of rock layers covering the primitive crust are a "big book of stones" left by the evolution and development of the earth over billions of years, which is called strata in geology.

Opening this huge book, geologists have found many special texts and drawings hidden in it – fossils. On the first few pages of the large book, there are fossils of the ancestors of man, Australopithecus; Further down, many fossils of reptiles, amphibians and fish were found; In the last few pages, the remains of some algae and primitive bacteria were found.

Stratigraphy include sedimentary, metamorphic and magmatic rocks formed by different geological ages. Generally speaking, the strata formed first are below, the strata formed later are above, and the rock strata closer to the upper part of the stratum are formed, the shorter the age of formation. In the process of formation of strata, organisms also continue to evolve from lower to higher stages.

When organisms die in a certain period, they are buried in the soil, and after the changes of geological history, they remain in the original strata in the form of fossils. Therefore, the strata of different periods correspond to different fossils, so that geologists can judge the relationship between the old and new strata according to the types and forms of fossils, and distinguish the stratigraphic structures of various geological ages. For example, there are many marine animals living in the sea today, and each marine animal has different requirements for the living environment (such as temperature, light, water depth, etc.).

If we find fossils and marine sediments of marine animals similar to modern ones in a certain stratum of the Taihang Mountains far from the ocean, then we can be sure that in that long past, this must have been a vast ocean, and we can deduce some general conditions of the ocean at that time. In fact, Shen Kuo, a famous scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty in China, in his book "Mengxi Writings", recorded that when he investigated Taihang Mountain and Yandang Mountain in Zhejiang, he found many pebbles and snail shell fossils among the cliffs of the mountains, thus proving that these places were submerged by the sea in ancient times.

The strata reach the surface in layers from the oldest geological ages. Whether on land or in water, the nature and organization of the sediments in the strata are different, and they represent the natural geographical state of different geological ages. Therefore, strata are the history books that record the development of the earth.

Geologists record it through geological chronology. This geological chronology was formally adopted by the International Geological Society in 1881, and has been continuously revised and supplemented since then, and has been used until now. According to scientists using radioisotope measurements, the oldest formations in the world are 4,04.5 billion years old.

On May 29, 1830, the British geologist Ryle published his epoch-making work "Principles of Geology", which put forward the principles and methods of "the unity of the past and the present" and "the past and the present" in geological research, eliminating the adverse influence of the "catastrophic theory" and advancing geology to a new stage.

Prior to the publication of this book, Ryle's stratigraphic problems were mainly explained by the French scientist Cuvier's "catastrophic theory". Cuvier argues that the discontinuities in the stratigraphic structure and the discontinuities of the fossils within them are not naturally formed, but are caused by an extraordinary supernatural force, which is the sudden cataclysm of one catastrophe after another. It should be said that the catastrophic view also has merit, because it emphasizes the abrupt changes and leaps of geological processes, which is also an objective process.

However, catastrophism ignores the change and gradual process of the amount of things, and regards the "supernatural force" as the cause of the catastrophe, which paints it with a layer of mystery.

In his book Principles of Geology, Ryle criticized the errors of catastrophism on the basis of a large number of facts. He believes that the earth has an extremely long history, and human beings are just passing guests on the earth. In all the processes of change on the earth, the laws of nature are always the same, and the past of the earth can be deduced according to the natural forces and laws that are still in effect today, which is the principle and method of "the past and the present are consistent" and "the past is the present".

According to Ryle, the cause of the changes in the earth's surface is not supernatural forces at all, but the geological processes that are still at work as we see them today, and it is the continuity of these actions that has led to the gradual and long evolution of the strata. Thus the supernatural forces of catastrophism were expelled from geology.

Ryle's ideas of geological evolution are not only contributions to geology, but also occupy an important place in the history of science as a whole. Engels once spoke highly of him: "Only Ryell brought reason to geology for the first time, because he replaced the sudden revolution caused by the whim of the Creator with a gradual effect of the slow change of the earth." ”

Petrology (Yu Bingsong et al.), ".

Sedimentary rock petrology (Yu Bingsong et al.), "Metamorphic Rock Petrology" (Cheng Suhua et al.), "Structural Geology" (Song Honglin et al.) (or "Comprehensive Geology" Wang Genhou et al., the former is a little more difficult), etc., these are some basic geology-related books, if you want to study in depth, these books will also recommend some reference books, and at the same time, these books will also indicate the source of some theories and data, so that interested people can further **.

Founded on March 6, 1954, Geological Publishing House is a first-class publishing unit sponsored by the Ministry of Land and Resources. The Geological Press publishes books and textbooks on land resources and earth sciences. Founded in October 1992, China Dadi Publishing House publishes national land management regulations, works, translations, as well as the above-mentioned popular reading materials, reference books, and teaching materials.

In January 2010, the personnel of the Geological Publishing House and the China Land Publishing House merged and reorganized, and the public institutions that implemented enterprise management were transformed into enterprises owned by the whole people. The main management unit and the sponsoring agency are the Ministry of Land and Resources, and the funder is the Ministry of Finance. China Earth Publishing House, Geological Publishing House are in use, address:

No. 31, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing. A set of leading groups consists of three specialized publishing branches of geology, land and education, as well as several printing houses and companies.

China University of Geosciences Press was established in February 1985 with approval, address: No. 388, Lumo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province. China University of Geosciences Press, established in Beijing in 2010, address:

Room 1207, Jinyanlong Building, Xisanqi, Haibin District, Beijing. Publish textbooks and monographs on the frontier of geology, as well as popular books.

From this, it can be seen that they are not a family. The Geological Publishing House has a wider range of books.

Hope it helps!

Medical Geology (Influence of Natural Environment on Public Health Chinese Edition) (Fine)" describes: Medical geology is an emerging discipline that has developed rapidly in recent years, and is committed to promoting the cooperation between disease prevention and control personnel and earth science workers, jointly elucidating the environmental factors that affect the occurrence and development of diseases, and improving the level of disease prevention. The International Society of Medical Geology organized experts to review and comment on the impact of geological materials and geological processes on human and animal health and diseases, and "Medical Geology (Chinese Edition) of the Natural Environment on Public Health" (Fine) is its result.

The book is divided into four parts: the first part is the basic principles of environmental biology, the second part is a geological and geochemical discussion of natural elements and substances that have an important impact on human and animal health, the third part is a review of the concepts and methods of pathology, toxicology and epidemiology, and the fourth part is a compilation of the latest methods and methods for conducting environmental research and medical geological investigations. Key issues at the intersection of environmental science and human health are elaborated.

It was written by more than 60 authoritative scholars from more than 20 countries and revised by experts from the International Working Group on Medical Geology. The language is accessible to students, professional researchers, policymakers and the general public.