What are the common causes of fever in children?

1.Short-term fever (fever for 2 weeks).

Short-term fever is mostly caused by infection in pediatrics, and the prognosis is generally good or a self-limiting disease, but fever may also be an early manifestation of critically ill children, especially those with severe poisoning symptoms such as listlessness, lethargy, and paleness. Attention should be paid to the child's medical history, contact history with infectious diseases, and whether there are symptoms and signs of respiratory, digestive, urinary, nervous system, rash, bleeding spots, jaundice, anemia, lymph node or hepatosplenomegaly, and local infection foci.

2.Prolonged fever (fever for 2 weeks).

1) Infectious fever.

1) Respiratory infections are the most common, and pathogens include viruses, mycoplasma, bacteria and tuberculosis;

2) Other systemic infections: intestinal infection, urinary tract infection, central nervous system infection (encephalitis, meningitis), cardiovascular system infection (such as infective endocarditis, pericarditis), hepatobiliary system infection (such as hepatitis, cholangitis, liver abscess, etc.);

3) Systemic infections such as sepsis, tuberculosis, typhoid, paratyphoid, typhus, brucellosis, Epstein-Barr virus infection, cytomegalovirus infection, Lyme disease, leptospirosis, malaria, kala-azar disease, schistosomiasis and fungal infections;

4) Abscess or localized ** infection such as osteomyelitis, perirenal abscess, subdiaphragmatic abscess, appendix abscess, perianal abscess, etc.

2) Non-infectious fever.

1) Rheumatic diseases are most common in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. In recent years, with the timely control of streptococcal infection, rheumatic fever is now less common. Other rheumatic diseases that cause fever include systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki disease, serum sickness, dermatomyositis, nodular nonpurulent panniculitis, Weger's malignant granuloma, and vascular immunoblastic lymphadenopathy.

2) Tissue destruction or necrosis: malignant tumors, leukemia is the most common, others include malignant lymphoma (including Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma), neuroblastoma, malignant histiocytosis, Langerhan's histiocytosis and Ewing sarcoma, etc.; Extensive burns, after major surgery, internal bleeding absorption process, vascular embolism, etc.

3) Excessive heat production or decreased heat dissipation Excessive heat production is seen in hyperthyroidism, status epilepticus, and adrenal cortex; Decreased heat dissipation is seen in generalized dermatitis, massive dehydration, blood loss, heat stroke, congenital ectodermal dysplasia, and neonatal overwrapping.

4) Hypothalamic thermoregulation central diseases such as skull injury, brain hypoplasia, intracranial tumor, subarachnoid hemorrhage, summer fever, toxic encephalopathy, sequelae of encephalitis and diencephalony lesions.

5) Autonomic dysfunction such as functional low-grade fever and chronic non-specific lymphocytosis.

6) Other drug fever, drug poisoning (such as salicylic acid, atropine), blood transfusion or infusion reaction, hypernatremia (pituitary or renal diabetes insipidus), inflammatory bowel disease and immunodeficiency diseases, etc.

Infection is the number one cause of long-standing fever in children. Beijing Children's Hospital analyzed 744 febrile patients from 1993 to 1998, and infectious factors accounted for it. Infectious factors include respiratory tract infection, intestinal infection, urinary tract infection, central nervous system infection (encephalitis, meningitis), cardiovascular infection (endocarditis, pericarditis), hepatobiliary infection (such as hepatitis, cholangitis, liver abscess, etc.), systemic infection (such as sepsis, tuberculosis, typhoid, paratyphoid, brucellosis, Epstein-Barr virus infection, cytomegalovirus infection, etc.), and other deep abscesses or localized ** infections (such as osteomyelitis, perirenal abscess, subdiaphragmatic abscess, appendix abscess, perihepatic abscess, etc.).

Connective tissue diseases include juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki disease, dermatomyositis, nodular nonpurulent panniculitis, Weger's granulomatosis, and vascular immunoblastic lymphadenopathy.

In fact, more than 90% of the causes of fever in children are caused by upper respiratory tract infections, which is commonly known as "cold", including acute pharyngitis, acute rhinitis, acute tonsillitis, etc. "Shanggan" is commonly known as "cold". It is one of the most common diseases in children, according to medical observation, a child often has a cold several times in a year, especially infants and preschool children are prone to colds.

The severity of children's colds varies greatly, and the mild ones are just runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing, which can generally heal themselves in 3 to 4 days. Sometimes it is accompanied by fever, sore throat, inflammation of the tonsils, and swollen lymph nodes, and the fever can last from 2 to 3 days to about 1 week. When children have a cold, they are often accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea, and the body temperature is as high as 39 40 or higher in severe cases, accompanied by chills, headache, general weakness, sharp loss of appetite, sleep disturbance and other systemic symptoms.

In general, fever is the main symptom of a cold in children.

The most common cause of fever in children is infection. Infections in different systems will manifest differently, including the following

1. Respiratory infection: fever may be accompanied by cough, sputum, wheezing or dyspnea;

2. Digestive system infection: in addition to fever, it may be accompanied by a series of symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, etc.;

3. Nervous system infection: it can also lead to fever and Lao Li, and even special manifestations such as high fever, convulsions, and coma.

In children with fever, if the infection is not controlled in time, persistent fever and corresponding complications may occur, and sequelae may occur in severe cases. Therefore, once the child has a significant high fever that persists, parents must take the child to the hospital for detailed diagnosis and treatment, so as to control the fever and improve the symptoms. If it is clear**, it needs to be controlled for related factors such as infection.

Every autumn, there is a big difference in temperature, and after the rain, there are always a group of children who have a fever and ask for leave. When a child has a fever, parents should not mess with themselves, figure out the following reasons, and deal with it calmly.

First determine the cause of the fever:

1. If you have a cold and fever, you can find a way to help you sweat, you can choose to soak your feet and drink three beans and plums.

2. If you have a fever and eat food, find a way to help you pass stool. This type of fever is the most common, because the parents of the child come back from kindergarten are always worried that the child is not full, and give the child a meal, as a result, the burden on the child's spleen and stomach is too heavy, and there is no way to digest and absorb it, resulting in food accumulation and fever.

3. Fever of fever is more common in children's rash, which can generally be left untreated, and the fever will subside after the rash comes out.

4. Evaporation and burning, which is a manifestation of children's growth, do not need to be overly nervous. Careful parents will find that some children grow taller after fever, which is the characteristic of children becoming steamed.

When many parents encounter high fever, they are always worried about febrile convulsions, which are not necessarily related to the temperature of the fever.

Fever does not burn meningitis or pneumonia. On the contrary, it is the wrong treatment of fever, which can easily develop into pneumonia and bronchitis.

During the baby's fever, you must pay attention to a light diet, try to be vegetarian, and avoid raw and cold. Suspend or cut back on all fruits, don't eat too much, and eat small, frequent meals.

During the fever period, the spleen and stomach function of the child is very weak, if you eat too much meat and high-nutrient food, it will increase the burden on the spleen and stomach, resulting in a very difficult recovery.

It's still the old saying, if you want your child to be safe, you must divide hunger and cold. Mothers should give their children enough time, scientific nursing methods, and improve children's resistance from the source through the usual medicine and food homology conditioning and feeding, so that every child can overcome the disease.

Usually, I will give my child frequent moxibustion and mid-navel to improve the child's spleen, stomach and resistance. If I cough, I will not use medicine directly, but use moxibustion to strengthen the lung qi, so that the child can repair it by himself through his own self-healing power and resistance.

1. Long-term "unexplained" moderate and high fever.

This refers to those who have a fever of 38 or more, persists for two weeks or longer, complains of fever, and is unknown within one week of hospitalization through medical history, physical examination, and routine laboratory tests.

1) Infection. Systemic potato spine: seen in miliary tuberculosis and disseminated tuberculosis, typhoid fever and paratyphoid, sepsis and infectious endocardium, and other infections such as brucellosis.

Limitations: Seen in liver abscess, amoebic and bacterial, biliary tract infection, genitourinary tract infection, intra-abdominal abscess such as subhepatic, subdiaphragmatic, paracolic, periappendiceal, retroperiperitoneal, pelvic abscess, etc.

2) Malignant tumors.

It is seen in primary liver cancer, lymphoma, malignant histiocytosis, various leukemias, and other solid cancers, such as lung cancer, kidney cancer, colon cancer, etc.

3) connective tissue-vascular diseases.

Including systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, allergic subsepsis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa, dermatomyositis, etc.

4) Miscellaneous. Such as granulomatous hepatitis, drug fever, pseudoheat, hemocystis in body cavities such as hemothorax, hemorrhagia, pulmonary infarction, etc.

Second, there are several methods of physical cooling:

1. The most common method is warm water wiping, usually using warm water to wipe the patient's forehead, along the eyebrow bone to the temples, and then along the bilateral carotid arteries to wipe the jaw, bilateral armpits, front torso, and then wipe the chest and back, palms of both hands and feet, wipe 3 times a day, 10-15 minutes each time, can play a physical cooling method.

2. However, the above-mentioned physical cooling method is suitable for patients whose body temperature does not exceed it, if the body temperature continues to rise, and the continuous body temperature is higher than above, it can be wiped with warm water and warm cold water or cold water.

3. In addition, you can also use antipyretic patches for local adherence to the potato, for example, the head, palms and soles of the feet can be used to use antipyretic patches for physical cooling.

Fever can cause symptoms such as increased body temperature, fatigue, loss of appetite, and nasal discharge. Generally speaking, fever occurs when the body temperature is greater than or equal to the body, because the body's heat production and heat dissipation functions under the control of the thermoregulatory center are impaired under the action of pyrogens, resulting in increased heat production.

Symptoms of fever:

1. Increased body temperature. The first symptom of fever is an increase in body temperature, which can be exceeded in the armpits.

2. Fatigue and fatigue. Patients usually experience general fatigue and fatigue, as well as muscle aches.

3. Loss of appetite. Appetite decreases more than when it is healthy because the activity of digestive enzymes decreases.

4. Nasal discharge and cough. Fever is usually accompanied by symptoms such as runny nose, cough, and sore throat.

Causes of fever:

1. Cold. This is one of the important causes of fever, after a cold, the person's resistance will be greatly reduced, and it is easy to be invaded by bacteria, resulting in fever.

2. Inflammation of the ear, nose and throat. In general, there are also signs of fever after ear, nose and throat inflammation.

3. Fatigue. When the human body is overtired, its resistance will also decrease, and its physical fitness will deteriorate, and it is easy to develop fever.

4. Be frightened. After being frightened, people will have seven emotions and may also have a fever.

** Methods for Fever:

1. Physical cooling. You can apply a cold compress with a towel on the forehead to cool down.

2. Drugs**. Patients can take medications such as ibuprofen under the guidance of their doctor to help cool down and reduce fever.

3. Infusion**. Patients can take the infusion under the guidance of a doctor**, and the results are generally relatively fast.

The common causes of fever in children are as follows:

1. Respiratory system infection, children's respiratory immune function is relatively weak, when infected by pathogenic bacteria, or cold and other factors, it is easy to be affected by upper respiratory tract infection, lower respiratory tract infection and other factors, resulting in fever in children.

Second, the common is digestive system infection, children's spleen and stomach function is relatively weak, or when some pathogenic bacteria infection, such as eating indigestible food, or eating unclean food, it is easy to produce gastrointestinal symptoms, in addition to causing nausea, vomiting, bloating, diarrhea and other digestive symptoms, often accompanied by a large fever and filial piety.

3. The common infection of the nervous system, when the pathogenic bacteria invade the nervous system, such as the invasion of the blood-brain barrier, it is easy to have cerebral inflammation, meningitis and other diseases, and fever will also appear.

Fourth, the common is urinary tract infection, such as after receiving urinary tract infection, the child will have frequent urination, urgency, painful urination, and fever.

In conclusion, the above are the common causes of fever in children.