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The Cu+ ion has a D10 structure, so it has a certain relative stability, and the Cu(1) compound is stable in the dry state. But this newly completed D10 electron sublayer has an unstable side and tends to lose one more electron to form Cu2+ ions
Due to divalent copper ions.
There is a high hydration energy (kcal), so the compound of divalent copper ions is stable in the presence of water. The monovalent copper ions are prone to disproportionation in aqueous solution.
2Cu + (aq) ==== (reversible sign) Cu(s) + Cu2 + (aq) The equilibrium constant of this reaction at 20 degrees.
The value of k is k==(cu2+) (cu+)== 10 superscript.
Or. Cu is easily disproportionated into Cu2 and Cu. This is due to the large enthalpy of hydration of Cu2.
In addition, if the covalent component of the bond formed between the ligand and the copper ion is large, Cu is more stable than Cu2, such as CuCl, Cu, Cu(CN)2, etc.
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Hello, in addition to copper, there are many metals that are inferior to copper, such as aluminum, zinc, magnesium, tin, steel, lead, manganese, titanium, tantalum, beryllium, bismuth, nickel, vanadium, etc. Aluminum is one of the most commonly used metals, its density is lower than copper, but its strength is higher than copper, and it is also lower than copper, which can be used to make aircraft, automobiles, home appliances and other products. Zinc is another commonly used metal that has a lower density than copper and better corrosion resistance than copper, and can be used to make products such as automotive parts, electronic components, pipes, and more.
Magnesium is a light metal that has a lower density than copper and better corrosion resistance, and can be used to make automotive parts, aerospace products, electronic components, and more. Tin is a light metal that has a lower density than copper and better corrosion resistance, and can be used to make electronic components, auto parts, and other products. Steel is a metal with high strength, its density is lower than copper, and its corrosion resistance is also better than copper, and it can be used to make products such as car parts, pipes, building materials, etc.
Lead is a light metal that has a lower density than copper and better corrosion resistance than copper, and can be used to make electronic components, car parts, batteries, and other products. Manganese is a light metal that has a lower density than copper and better corrosion resistance than copper, and can be used to make products such as automotive parts, electronic components, and building materials. Titanium is a light metal that has a lower density than copper and better corrosion resistance than copper, and can be used to make aerospace products, automotive parts, electronic components, and other products.
Tantalum is a light metal that has a lower density than copper and is resistant.
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**Metals secondary to copper are iron and aluminum. And so on and so forth. **Metals secondary to copper are iron and aluminum.
And so on and so forth. **Metals secondary to copper are iron and aluminum. And so on and so forth.
**Metals secondary to copper are iron and aluminum. And so on and so forth. **Metals secondary to copper are iron and aluminum.
And so on and so forth. **Metals secondary to copper are iron and aluminum. And so on and so forth.
**Metals secondary to copper are iron and aluminum. And so on and so forth. **Metals secondary to copper are iron and aluminum.
And so on and so forth.
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In addition to copper, other metals are second to copper such as aluminum, zinc, lead, nickel, tin, silicon steel, etc.
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Aluminum, zinc, magnesium, tin, lead, germanium, chromium, ferrochrome, nickel, tungsten, tantalum, vanadium, bismuth, iridium, molybdenum, palladium, rhenium, cadmium, cobalt, titanium, rhodium, nickel-chromium alloys.
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There is no and land cuoh
Only Cu2O cuprous oxide bricks are red.
Monovalent copper is both oxidizing and reducing.
Monovalent copper is poisonous.
It is easy to disproportionate Cu2O2H+Cu in acidic solution
Cu2+H2O exothermics.
It is easy to be reduced by the old reducing agent, carbon, hydrogen, carbon monoxide can be, all of which must be heated.
It has oxidizing properties, such as silver mirror reaction, film reagent.
Needless to say, bivalent copper. There are abundant ligands.
Compare. At low temperatures, divalent copper is stable. Copper is stable at high temperatures.
4cuo = (high temperature).
2cu2o+o2
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Copper is composed of three factors, the first is the international market of copper, because China's copper is closely following the international copper market, so the international copper changes will also affect the changes in China's market copper.
The second is the supply and demand relationship between the use of refined oil, copper is the raw material of refined oil, so when the demand for refined oil is the first to rise, the difference between copper and copper will also rise.
Finally, there is the issue of exchange rates, because in the international market, copper is carried out in US dollars, but in China's national virtual type, copper is also in RMB, so there needs to be a US dollar to convert to RMB, and the exchange rate will have a certain impact.
There are also suggestions that I don't understand, ask about the old ones, .Division 451 = 313-879 would be better.
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1. Supply and demand: production, consumption, import and export, inventory.
3. Import and export policies and tariffs: For a long time, because China is a large country with insufficient copper resources, it has been adopting a policy of "wide entry and strict exit" in terms of import and export, and the average import tax rate of copper and copper products is 2%, in the past two years, with the progress of global economic integration, the country has gradually reduced export tariffs, and copper can basically be freely imported and exported, so that domestic and international copper prices affect each other.
There are also suggestions that I don't understand, ask about the old ones, .Division 462-56-29-90 is better.
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