How to treat kidney stones best and what is the method

The best methods for kidney stones mainly include that kidney stones should be selected according to the size, location, harm, and composition of the stones.

1. Small stones: small stones with a diameter of 2 3mm in the corners of the kidneys can be observed by the method of observation, and generally do not need to take drugs. These stones are often attached to the mucosa of the renal pelvis and are in a fixed state, and it is difficult to pass them with medications; The urinary system can generally discharge small stones in a free state without obvious discomfort symptoms, so observation is sufficient.

2. Stones with large volume: kidney stones with a diameter of 5mm and 2cm can be broken by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, and the fragments of the stones will be discharged by themselves. For kidney stones with a diameter greater than 2cm, a passage to the kidney can be made through percutaneous nephroscopy, and then special instruments can be used to break up and remove the stones; A more advanced flexible ureteroscope can also be used, which extends through the urethra into the renal pelvis to break up the stone while looking directly at it, and then remove the stone or wait for it to pass on its own.

3. Stones with special ingredients: Uric acid stones, cystic acid stones and other stones with special components, if the volume is small, the corresponding drugs can be used to dissolve the stones; Infectious stones require corresponding urinary tract anti-infection**, urinary tract infections can be controlled with appropriate antibiotics, and urine acidification is also helpful for infectious stones.

Kidney stones are the most common urinary tract stones, and there are calcium-containing stones according to their composition, such as calcium oxalate stones; have uric acid stones; Magnesium ammonium phosphate stones and cystine stones, etc. Stones may cause symptoms such as back pain and hematuria, and may be secondary to hydronephrosis and urinary tract infection, which is harmful to health.

There are many ways to treat kidney stones, which can be roughly divided into two categories, one is emergency treatment, such as kidney colic caused by stones, which requires pain relief with painkillers; Severe infection secondary to hydronephrosis due to stones sometimes requires emergency placement of ureteral stent catheters or nephrostomy to drain urine. The other category is for stones. Including hydration, stone dissolving, stone expulsion, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and surgery.

Hydration is the basic measure of kidney stones, drink more water and urinate more to promote the passage of small stones. Small uric acid stones and cystine stones can also be used to dissolve stones by means of medications such as alkalizing the urine. Larger and complex kidney stones usually require extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or minimally invasive surgery, and the specific method needs to combine the size and number of stones; kidney structure; physical condition; The doctor's technique and the condition of the hospital's equipment.

Kidney stones are more common upper urinary tract stones, for kidney stones, according to the size, hardness, and location of the stones, the program is different, and the analysis is as follows:

1. For smaller kidney stones, the best regimen of analgesic, antispasmodic, and stone induction can usually be used.

2. For larger upper or middle calyptic stones, extracorporeal lithotripsy can be considered**, and extracorporeal lithotripsy of the lower calyptic calycea is relatively ineffective.

3. For hypocalycea or larger kidney stones, percutaneous nephroscopy or flexible ureteroscopy and other endoscopic schemes can also be used to carry out lithotripsy and stone expulsion.

4. For some cases of co-infection, anti-infection** is usually given.

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Don't be blind for vitiligo, otherwise it will be easy to aggravate the condition. For vitiligo, patients should undergo a comprehensive and systematic examination to confirm the type, nature, cause, and hormone of vitiligo. Through advanced instruments and various detection methods, find out the onset and root cause of vitiligo, only by finding the root cause, can we effectively formulate an individualized plan, accurately, and treat the symptoms.

How are kidney stones treated? Kidney stones also need to be seen according to the size of the stones before, if the stones are not large, it is good to take some oral excretion of stones to heal stone tom tea, which can promote the discharge of stones as soon as possible, and at the same time you need to drink more water, exercise more, if the stones are larger, then you need extracorporeal lithotripsy to carry out**, pay attention to develop good living habits.

Kidney stones should be given different dietary guidance regimens for different stone components:

1. The most common calcium oxalate stones: Because the oxalate in the urine is mostly endogenous, a large amount of oxalate will react with the calcium in the diet to form calcium oxalate, which will be deposited in the kidneys to form stones. Therefore, the intake of foods rich in oxalic acid, such as spinach, greens, bamboo shoots, etc., should be controlled.

Dried legumes contain a high concentration of phytic acid, and excessive intake will cause a similar reaction to excessive oxalic acid intake, forming calcium phytate that is difficult to dissolve, which is deposited in the kidneys to form stones. Therefore, for patients with calcium oxalate stones, the intake of dry legumes should be reduced to reduce the intake of phytic acid. Other soy products such as tofu, bean leaves, dried tofu, etc., are consumer products produced by refining bean foods.

During processing, the nutrient composition of the beans is changed by the addition and removal of certain components, as well as by the process itself, and the phytic acid content is much lower than that of dried beans. Therefore, as long as the amount of food consumed is controlled, patients with oxalate stones can eat these soy products.

The first grade of kidney stones should be comprehensively evaluated according to the size of the stones, the number of stones, the location of the stones, and the condition of hydronephrosis.

If the diameter of the stone is less than centimeter, it is recommended to mainly drain the stone**, eat the stone removal granules, kidney stones, drink more than 2000 ml of water per day, exercise appropriately, and hopefully excrete the stone from the body. If the stone diameter is greater than centimeters and less than centimeters, ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy may be considered. If the stone is larger than centimeter in diameter, percutaneous nephroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy or laparoscopic pyelotomy is recommended.

After the stone is discharged, it should be collected for stone composition analysis to achieve effective prevention.

Rapid discharge of kidney stones can be promoted through lifestyle improvement, medication, surgery, etc.

1. Improvement of living habits: appropriately increase water intake, increase urine output, and accelerate the discharge of stones. Engage in physical activity, increase physical activity, and eat less foods high in oxalate, such as legumes, organ meats, seafood, etc.

2. Drugs**: Symptoms can be improved through the application of nifedipine, tranexamic acid, vitamin B6, antibiotics and other drugs to promote the discharge of stones.

3. Surgery**: When the stone is large or the pain is obviously unrelieved, the stone can be discharged by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, transureteroscopic lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, etc.

Patients with kidney stones need to seek medical attention in a timely manner, and actively follow the guidance of a physician to clarify the condition**.

There is no best method for kidney stones, and the main methods include drugs, extracorporeal shock waves, surgery, etc., which need to be individualized by doctors according to the patient's condition.

1.Drugs**.

1) Analgesia**: The first episode of renal colic can be relieved with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as diclofenac sodium and indomethacin; If the pain persists, dihydromorphone, meperidine, bucinazox, etc., can be used together with antispasmodic drugs such as atropine and denunculus, which can be used for analgesia and sedation.

2) Anti-infection**: Acute attacks of kidney stones are often accompanied by infection, and antibiotics should be used in time**.

3) Stone expulsion drugs**: The available drugs are diclofenac sodium suppositories, anal plugs, A-receptor blockers (tamsulosin), potassium hydrogen citrate sodium, sodium bicarbonate tablets, etc., which are only suitable for a small number of small kidney stones.

4) Stone dissolving**: that is, dissolving stones or stone fragments by chemical methods, which can completely remove stones, is an effective auxiliary method, and has significant efficacy for infectious stones, cystine stones, and uric acid stones.

2.Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: suitable for renal pelvis and intermediate and superior calytic stones with a diameter of 5 20 mm, not for pregnant women and patients with distal urinary tract strictures, coagulopathy, renal failure, acute urinary tract infection, severe arrhythmias and excessive stone volume.

3.Surgery**.

1) Percutaneous nephroscopic lithotripsy: mainly used for **complex kidney stones, such as 2 cm kidney stones, staghorn stones, multiple kidney stones and extracorporeal shock wave ** failed stones.

2) Ureteroscopic lithotripsy: suitable for kidney stones with a diameter of <2 cm, mainly including middle and lower ureteral stones, upper ureteral stones that have failed extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteral stones with negative X-ray, and incarcerated stones with long residence time.

3) Open surgery: due to the large trauma of this surgery, it is rarely used at present, and is only used when there are contraindications, complications or failures in other surgical methods.

For relatively small kidney stones, no special treatment is required. You can drink some Defu Shiqi tea to promote stone excretion, usually pay attention to drinking more water, and urinate frequently. If the stones are large, they tend to cause fluid accumulation in the kidneys.

Patients experience a feeling of soreness and pain in the lower back. If it is accompanied by severe hydrops, it can cause a decrease in the thin kidney function of the renal cortex.

For stone patients, there are many issues that need to be paid attention to, especially in terms of diet. In general, for patients with kidney stones, the following foods are best not to eat:

1. Oxalic acid. Although eating more vegetables in life is helpful to the human body, and food is rich in a variety of vitamins and trace elements, which is very important for people. However, we must pay attention to reducing the intake of oxalic acid foods, which will only aggravate the symptoms of kidney stones, such as common spinach, celery, lettuce, etc., in addition to beans and coriander.

2. High-calcium foods. This is also very important for patients, in life patients with kidney stones must strictly control the intake of calcium, such as the familiar soy products and animal bones, which will increase the burden on the kidneys, which is very unfavorable for the recovery of the disease, so try to eat less foods with high calcium content.

3. Avoid alcohol. Most of the patients with kidney stones around us have the habit of drinking a lot of alcohol, so in this case, it is recommended that the patient must drink as little alcohol as possible. Because excessive alcohol consumption can easily lead to the onset of kidney stones, and can also interfere with metabolic problems in the body, in this case, it neutralizes the pH of the human environment and increases the chance of developing stones.

The best Chinese medicine** to clean up the stones.

The size, shape, and location of kidney stones are different, and the plans are also different, according to the condition of the patient's stones, drugs ** or surgery**, and actively remove related predisposing factors, kidney stones need to be short-term**.

1. Drugs**.

1. Renal colic**:

1) Non-steroidal analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs: Non-steroidal analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs are suitable for patients with kidney stones who have pain for the first time, and are used for anti-inflammatory and analgesic**. Commonly used drugs include diclofenac sodium and indomethacin, which have moderate analgesic effects.

Diclofenac sodium also reduces ureteral edema and pain** rates, often by intramuscular injection. Indomethacin can also act directly on the ureters, and patients can take it orally or plug the anus with an indomethacin suppository as prescribed.

2) Opioid analgesics: This class of drugs has strong analgesic and sedative effects, commonly used drugs are dihydromorphone, meperidine, buguizine, tramadol, etc., for patients with severe renal colic, doctors should inject intramuscularly according to the actual situation. It should be noted that opioids should not be used alone in the case of renal colic, and generally need to be used together with antispasmodic drugs such as atropine.

3) Antispasmodics: This class of drugs can relax smooth muscles and relieve spasms, commonly used drugs are atropine sulfate and hyoscyamine.

2. Row stones**:

1) Diclofenac sodium suppository anal plug: mainly used for ureteral stones, which can reduce ureteral edema, reduce pain, and promote stone discharge.

2) Alkalinization of urine: mainly oral oral sodium bicarbonate tablets to alkalize urine, promote uric acid excretion, and reduce the formation of stones.

2. Surgery**.

1. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: suitable for patients with 5 20mm renal pelvis, calycea and calyceal stones. It is mainly the shock wave that crushes the stone and then excretes it with the urine.

2. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy: mainly nephroscopic entry into the body for lithotripsy. It is suitable for patients with kidney stones with a diameter of more than 2 cm or stones that cannot be crushed by shock waves.

3. Ureteroscopic lithotripsy: the stone is mainly removed through the ureter. It is suitable for patients with kidney stones less than 2cm and middle and lower ureteral stones.

4. Open surgery: Due to the large trauma of open surgery and the rapid development of other surgical techniques, the use of open surgery in kidney stones** has been significantly reduced. However, open surgical stone removal is still of great clinical value in some cases, such as contraindications, complications, or failures in other surgical modalities.

3. Others**.

Dissolved stones**: Dissolved stones ** is an effective adjuvant method, often used as an auxiliary after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephroscopic stone removal, ureteroscopic lithotripsy and open surgical stone removal, which is to dissolve stones or stone fragments by chemical methods to achieve the purpose of complete removal of stones, and has a significant effect on infectious stones, cystine stones, and uric acid stones.