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Anonymous users2024-02-15It is a dry distillation of coal. The tar obtained by high-temperature dry distillation (i.e., coking), a liquid product obtained in the process, is called high-temperature dry distillation coal tar (referred to as high-temperature coal tar), and the tar obtained by low-temperature dry distillation (see low-temperature coal dry distillation) is called low-temperature dry distillation coal tar (referred to as low-temperature coal tar). The composition and nature of the two are different, and their processing and utilization methods are different.
High temperature coal tar black viscous liquid, relative density.
Larger, contains a large amount of bitumen, and the other components are aromatic hydrocarbons.
and heterocyclic organic compounds. More than 400 compounds have been identified. Industrially, coal tar is processed intensively, which is conducive to the separation of compounds with very little extraction content.
The process is first distilled into various fractions according to the boiling point range, and then further processed. The processing of each fraction can be obtained by crystallization method to obtain naphthalene, anthracene and other products;Nitrogen-containing alkaline heterocyclic compounds (called tar alkali) or acidic phenolic compounds (called taric acid) can be obtained by acid or alkali extraction methods. Taric acid and tar alkali can be distilled and separated to obtain phenol, cresol, xylenol, pyridine, methylpyridine, and quinoline, respectively.
These compounds are important raw materials for dyes, medicines, spices, and pesticides. The distillate oil obtained from coal tar distillation can also be directly used without separation, such as asphaltene can be used to make electrode coke and carbon fiber.
and other important products, phenol oil can be used for wood preservation, washing oil is used as an absorbent of crude benzene from coal gas, and light oil is incorporated into crude benzene for treatment.
Low-temperature coal tar is also a black viscous liquid, which is different from high-temperature coal tar in that the relative density is usually less than that of alkanes.
The content is large, and its composition is related to the quality of raw coal.
Low-temperature dry distillation tar is one of the important products of artificial oil, which is produced by high-pressure hydrogenation to produce gasoline, diesel and other products.
Main uses: It can fractionate various aromatic hydrocarbons.
Alkanes, phenols, etc., can also be used to make linoleum, fuel and carbon black.
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Anonymous users2024-02-14The chemistry is there, and the heating is fine.
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Anonymous users2024-02-13KeroseneIt is extracted from petroleum, to be precise, it is fractionated from petroleum, and because the boiling point is relatively low, it is the first to be fractionated.
Kerosene is obtained by distillation and deep refining with a paraffin-based **boiling point of about 230 or a naphthenyl**215 fraction.
In addition to sulfur-containing compounds, there are also impurities such as nitrogen-containing and oxygen-containing compounds. In the distillation, the fraction between gasoline and light oil is refined with sulfuric acid and alkali, and calcium chloride is usedAnhydrous sodium sulfateand clay as a dehydrating agent.
Note to infiltrate the intent:
Pure kerosene is a colorless and transparent liquid, which is pale yellow when it contains impurities. Slightly foul-smelling. The boiling range is 180 310 (not absolute, it often varies according to the specific situation in production), and the average molecular weight is between 200 250.
Melting point -40 or more. The kinematic viscosity is 40. Do not shout that the cave is soluble in water, and is easily soluble in alcohol and other organic solvents.
Volatile. Flammability. After volatilization, it is mixed with air to form the most advanced mixture.
The combustion is complete, the brightness is sufficient, the flame is stable, no black smoke, no lights, no obvious peculiar smell, and little pollution to the environment.
Kerosene is miscible with petroleum-based solvents. Solubility to water.
Very small and contains aromatic hydrocarbons.
The solubility of kerosene to water is greater than that of aliphatic hydrocarbon kerosene. Kerosene dissolves absolute ethanol.
Mixtures with alcohols stratify when water is present at low temperatures.
Kerosene has different chemical compositions for different purposes. The physical and chemical properties of the same kerosene are also different due to different production methods and origins.
The quality of various types of kerosene decreases in turn: thermal kerosene, solvent kerosene, kerosene for lamps, fuel kerosene, and washing kerosene.
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Anonymous users2024-02-12Kerosene is extracted from petroleum, to be precise, it is fractionated from petroleum, and because the boiling point is relatively low, it is the first to be fractionated.
Kerosene is obtained by distillation and deep refining with a paraffin-based **boiling point of about 230 or a naphthenyl**215 fraction.
In addition to sulfur-containing compounds, there are also impurities such as nitrogen-containing and oxygen-containing compounds. In the first distillation process, the fraction between gasoline and light oil is refined with sulfuric acid and alkali, and calcium chloride, anhydrous sodium sulfate and clay are used as dehydrating agents.
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