What do tourists see when traveling to Longmen Grottoes? How do architecture majors appreciate?

The grottoes were originally a form of Buddhist architecture in India, and the pattern was roughly the same. With a square hall as the core, surrounded by a small circle.

The pillars are carved on three sides with several square small meditation rooms for "practice", and the outside of the cave is a colonnade. The Chinese grottoes were originally made in imitation of India, and were mostly built in the Yellow River Valley in northern China, and their culture is closely related to religious culture, especially Buddhist art. Cave art is a kind of religious culture, based on Buddhist stories, flourishing in the Wei, Jin, and Sui and Tang dynasties.

It absorbs the essence of India, integrates the traditional techniques and aesthetic tastes of Chinese painting and sculpture, reflects Buddhist thought and its sinicization process, and hides the breadth and profundity of Chinese social history, Buddhist history, art history and the history of Sino-foreign exchanges.

The art of cave architecture has developed differently over time and place. It zigzagically reflects the life scenes of people from all walks of life in various historical periods. Its tourism value is extremely high, they allow tourists to appreciate the art at the same time to understand the thinking and living conditions of people at that time, to understand the ancient culture of our country is colorful.

Field travel and Internet is definitely not the same, I was in Luoyang school, the door of the 82 bus a dollar directly to the Longmen Grottoes ticket office, I ran twice a week to go mainly to experience the atmosphere, recommended to go when the winter is cold, the original grotto Buddha statue is gray and white cold tone, the winter weather is cold, the water vapor next to the Yi River is cold and biting, the mountain is full of dead trees, the remnants of flowers and willows, the recording on the mountain road continues to play back Zhao Zhongxiang's commentary on the Longmen Grottoes, the hoarse voice with that environment is simply amazing, the whole person is desolate from the head to the heart.

1: Bongseonji Temple

Fengxian Temple was built during the reign of Li Zhi of Tang Gaozong, located in the southern section of Longmen West Mountain, and its architectural scale is also the most spectacular. It is also the highest achievement of carving art in the Tang Dynasty. The Buddha statue of Fengxian Temple is for 9 Buddha statues, and the most attractive thing is of course the tall Lushena Buddha, which is very solemn.

2: Guyang Cave

Guyang Cave is mainly located in the south-central part of Longmen, and it is also the earliest and most spectacular grotto in Longmen. The scenery in the cave here, mainly with all kinds of Buddhist shrines arranged on the top of the cave, and the north-south distribution arrangement, quite spectacular, and so far the largest display of China's "statue inscription" of the cave is none other than Guyang Cave.

3: Prescription Cave

This cave located in the south of Longmen is also one of the most popular caves for tourists, named after the ancient medicine prescriptions carved on the walls of the cave. The cave was built in the late Northern Wei Dynasty, and the main features of the statues here are similar to the statue style of the Northern Qi Dynasty. And one of the largest caves at that time.

4: Old Dragon Cave

The excavation of the old dragon cave is more special, not dug by a special person, and the appearance of the cave is horseshoe-shaped, and there are more people who excavate, the main purpose is to pray for the daily blessing of the common people as the main purpose, which has a great effect on the modern understanding of the history of the Tang Dynasty.

5: Hyejan-dong

Ten Thousand Buddha Cave. The south side is Huijian Cave, this cave is not very big, it is built by another monk of Xijing Fahai Temple called Huijian, so it has this name. In addition to the above-mentioned scenic spots, there are also the surrounding Baiyuan, Xiangshan Temple, etc., which are very distinctive tourist attractions and are highly respected by the majority of tourists.

Finally, I remind all travelers to make full preparations before traveling, so as to ensure a pleasant trip, and must pay attention to safety during the trip, and bring some trauma medication when necessary, I wish you a good time.

Hello dear, the practice team first arrived at the Longmen Grottoes to investigate the grottoes and the surrounding environment. During the investigation, the practice team found that the Longmen Grottoes were divided into Xishan Grottoes and Dongshan Grottoes, and the tourists who came to Luoyang to visit the Grottoes were familiar with the Xishan Grottoes. The good of Xishan Grottoes makes the round statues more concentrated, and the preservation is more complete, as the main tourist attraction of Longmen Grottoes.

Xishan Grottoes as the best preserved grotto in Longmen Grottoes, his damage is also more serious, many small grottoes in the statues have been completely destroyed, and the stone wall carvings in the grottoes have also been greatly damaged. In the grotto, visitors can be seen touching some small statues and stone wall carvings that are difficult to grind and build guardrails to protect them, leaving traces of wear and tear on many of the statues. During the investigation of the Dongshan Grottoes, the practice team found that the Dongshan Grottoes had a low degree of collapse, and the grottoes were scattered between the differentiated soil layers, and the degree of damage was very high.

Some conservation work has also been carried out in the local area: the construction of a checkpoint in the scenic area for the management of one-way sightseeing, and the external wrapping of the steel frame with a rubber sleeve during the restoration and protection construction.

Longmen Grottoes

Grottos is located 12 kilometers south of Luoyang City, and is one of the three major grottoes in China with Datong Yungang Grottoes and Dunhuang Thousand Buddha Grottoes.

Longmen is a place of beautiful scenery, where two green mountains in the east and west face each other, and the Yishui flows slowly north. Looking from afar, it is like a natural gate, so it was called "Yique" in ancient times. Now "Yique", since ancient times, has become the first landscape of the Dragon Gate.

The Tang poet Bai Juyi once said: "The victory of the mountains and rivers in the suburbs of Luoyang is the first of the dragon gates."

Yungang Grottoes is located at the southern foot of Wuzhou Mountain, 17 kilometers away from the western suburbs of Datong City, Shanxi Province, northern China. There are 45 main caves, 252 large and small cave niches, more than 51,000 stone carving statues, it is one of the largest ancient grottoes in China, and the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang, the Longmen Grottoes of Luoyang and the Maijishan Grottoes of Tianshui are called the four major grotto art treasure houses in China.

Yungang Grottoes is located at the southern foot of Wuzhou Mountain, 17 kilometers away from the western suburbs of Datong City, Shanxi Province, northern China. There are 45 main caves, 252 large and small cave niches, more than 51,000 stone carving statues, it is one of the largest ancient grottoes in China, and the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang, the Longmen Grottoes of Luoyang and the Maijishan Grottoes of Tianshui are called the four major grotto art treasure houses in China.

In 1961, it was announced as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in the country, on December 14, 2001, it was included in the World Heritage List by UNESCO, and on May 8, 2007, it was rated as the first batch of national 5A-level tourist attractions by the National Tourism Administration.

Longmen Grottoes is one of the treasure houses of Chinese stone carving art, and is now a world cultural heritage, a national key cultural relics protection unit, and a national AAAAA-level tourist attraction, located on Longmen Mountain and Xiangshan on both sides of the Yi River in Luolong District, Luoyang City, Henan Province. Longmen Grottoes, Mogao Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes, and Maijishan Grottoes are known as the four major grottoes in China. Longmen Grottoes were excavated in the period of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and then went through the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties, the Song Dynasty and other dynasties to build continuously on a large scale for more than 400 years, the north and south are as long as 1 kilometer, there are 2,345 cave niches today, more than 100,000 statues, and more than 2,800 inscriptions on the inscriptions.

Among them, the "Longmen Twenty Products" is the essence of the calligraphy Wei stele, and the "Yique Buddha Shrine Stele" written by Chu Suiliang is a model of the art of regular calligraphy in the early Tang Dynasty. The Longmen Grottoes have lasted for a long time, spanning many dynasties, and reflect the development and changes of many fields such as politics, economy, religion and culture in ancient China from different aspects with a large number of physical images and written materials, and have made significant contributions to the innovation and development of Chinese grotto art. In 2000, it was listed as a World Heritage Site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

The carving art of the cave temple is generally referred to as the cave art. The grottoes mentioned here refer to Buddhist temples carved out of the riverside cliffs and other places. China's Buddhist grotto statues in the Three Kingdoms and Jin Dynasty with the wide spread of Buddhism and prevailed, the Sui and Tang dynasties increased day by day, and lasted until the 13th century, this period is the first era of Chinese statue art.

The Longmen Grottoes, which are concentrated on the cliffs on both sides of the Nanyi River in the ancient capital of Luoyang, are an extremely important part of Chinese grotto art, and are also the most brilliant and splendid chapters in the world's grotto art from the 5th century to the middle of the 8th century A.D. (from the 17th year of Taihe of the Northern Wei Dynasty to the 15th year of Tang Tianbao). Longmen Grottoes was founded in the Northern Wei Dynasty when Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital to Luoyang (493 AD), the Northern Wei Dynasty descended, through the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties, the Song Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, intermittently after more than 400 years of excavation, of which the end of the 5th century to the middle of the 8th century was the most prosperous, is a model of early and middle Chinese grotto art. The content of the statues is widely related to many sects of Buddhism, and even the theme of Taoism is also rare in cave art.

The Longmen Grottoes last for a long time, spanning many dynasties, the geographical location is superior, the natural scenery is beautiful, and it is difficult to compare with many grottoes. The historical, artistic, scientific and connoisseurship value of the Longmen Grottoes makes it one of the indispensable major masterpieces in the grotto art series.

In fact, there are four major treasure houses of stone carving art in China, which are the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu, the Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi, the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan, and the Maijishan Grottoes in Tianshui, Gansu. The Maijishan Grottoes are not as famous as the first three. Dazu is even more secondary.

During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Longmen Grottoes statue shows the bones and clear posture, the figure is thin, the waist is thin, the body is slender, the face is thin, the eyebrows are sparse, the corners of the mouth are upturned, the expression is gentle, and the expression is elegant. Western experts in the study of Chinese art history have given high praise to the stone carvings of the Northern Wei Dynasty, believing that "the carvings of the Wei Dynasty represent a peak of human religious art". The aesthetic fashion that prevailed in the Tang Dynasty with plumpness as beauty showed a graceful and generous style of statues.

The figure's wavy hairlines, plump and rounded facial contours, drooping ears, broad shoulders, and simple and smooth clothing lines all indicate that the carving skills of the Tang Dynasty had reached a mature stage during this period. All in all, the working people at that time had a fairly moderate grasp of the beauty of the figures, and the simple and bright lines and the health of the human body shape all showed the aesthetic value orientation and aesthetic ideals of the carvers at that time.