What are the substances? What does the substance consist of

The physical properties of matter such as:

Color, odor, state, whether it is easy to melt, solidify, sublimate, volatile, and some properties such as melting point, boiling point, hardness, conductivity.

Thermal conductivity, ductility.

etc., can be measured by instruments.

There are also properties that are known through laboratory data and calculations, such as solubility.

density, etc. Neither the matter changed before or after the experiment. These properties are all physical.

There are too many unknown things in the material world we live in, and the perception of certain things is still in a state of common sense ambiguity. Even though we are surrounded by substances, sometimes people's understanding of substances is still relatively shallow.

There are many different dimensions to the interpretation of matter, and the article mainly discusses the understanding of matter in physics and Marxism, after all, these two interpretations of matter have the most market in China!

The matter that we think of as common sense is the kind of concrete physical object that can be seen and touched, such as the concrete physical object that exists in the form of solid and liquid. Actually, this common-sense view of matter is also a chemical interpretation of matter, and on a microscopic level, it is a view of matter based on atoms, molecules, and other particles.

By the way, the superstring theory holds that the basic particles of the real thing are not electrons, quarks, neutrinos, etc., but a very small string, and the different vibrations and movements of the strings lead to the birth of different elementary particles, which can only be regarded as an accessory product of string vibrations!

Physics holds that all natural forms of objective existence are in the category of matter, but not including man's abstract conception of things!

All the things that can be seen and touched, which are made up of atoms, microscopic and macrocosm, of course, belong to the category of matter in physics, and those are all natural objective existences, but in addition to these, there are other forms of nature that exist objectively, which are not made of atoms, which are invisible and intangible, but which are objective existences. For example, the electromagnetic field, although it cannot be seen or touched, exists in a natural form. Distortions of space-time, gravitational waves, and so on, which exist objectively in their natural form, are also in the category of matter.

Matter can be divided into three categories according to its development form: the first category is energy substances, such as light, magnetic field, electric field, etc., which are the most primitive substances; The second category is space-time matter, such as time, space, black holes, etc., which are produced by the movement of the most primitive matter; The third category is the image of the substance, such as stones, trees, water, etc., which is generally recognized as the third type of substance

Acids refer to substances that can produce a large number of hydrogen ions after hydrolysis, such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, alkali substances refer to substances that produce a large number of hydroxide ions after hydrolysis or melting, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and salt refers to substances that are neutral or close to neutral after hydrolysis or in a molten state, such as sodium chloride. In addition, many salts also have hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions when hydrolyzed, and you will understand it when you learn more in the future.

Matter is an objective reality that exists independently and can be reflected by human consciousness outside of human consciousness.

Abstract matter. First of all, the most classic commentary on matter is modeled by the famous Marxist thinker Lenin: "Matter is a philosophical category that marks objective reality, which does not depend on the existence of our senses, but is reproduced, photographed, and reflected by our senses."

Second, matter and consciousness are a pair of opposing categories. On the question of the primacy of things, the distinction between matter and consciousness is most obvious. Everything in the world is an external manifestation of matter, and consciousness is only an external manifestation of highly developed matter.

Finally, the fundamental properties of matter are movement and change. All matter is in constant motion and change, and the stillness we see is relative, and everything is in motion.

Matter in motion.

The material category of Marxist philosophy is the highest summary of the fundamental characteristics of natural and social phenomena. With the development of science, human beings will continue to deepen their understanding of the properties and structure of natural substances. But the concept of matter in the philosophical category will not be overthrown, it will only be confirmed and enriched as the wheels of the times roll forward.

Question 1: What is matter made of? Matter is made up of molecules, ions, and atoms. Molecules are formed by the union of atoms by covalent bonds; Ions are formed by the broad bonding of atoms by the broad bonding of ions. So at the end of the day, matter is made up of atoms.

Question 2: What is matter in philosophy? Matter is an objective reality that does not depend on human consciousness and can be reflected by human consciousness, and its only characteristic is objective reality.

The "mountains, rivers and trees" mentioned above are not substances, they are only specific material forms, and philosophically said substances are generalizations of specific material forms, such as flowers and plants, tables and chairs, food, etc., as well as invisible air, etc., are all specific material forms, and the relationship between philosophical substances and specific material forms is the relationship between commonality and individuality, general and individual.

Question 3: What is material culture and concept Material culture refers to the material products created to meet the needs of human survival and development and the culture they express, including drinking arcs, clothing, architecture, transportation, production tools, villages, cities, etc.

It can be said that the categories of spiritual culture are science, art, and morality, and the unity of truth, goodness, and beauty is explained by our current concept of material theory.

Therefore, science and technology belong to the spirit of ingenuity.

1. Definitions. Lenin's definition of matter is: "Matter is the philosophical category that marks objective reality, which man perceives through his senses, which exists independently of our senses, and which are reproduced, photographed, and reflected by our senses." ”

Abbreviation: Matter is an objective reality that is independent of consciousness and can be reflected by consciousness.

2. Significance. Lenin's definition of matter is of multifaceted importance

First, it states that matter "exists independently of our senses", affirms the independence and rootedness of matter from consciousness, and draws a clear line from dualism and idealism.

Second, it points out that "objective reality is perceived by man through his senses", adheres to the materialist principles of reflection and agnosticism, and draws a clear line with agnosticism.

Third, it points out that "matter is a philosophical category that marks objective reality", clarifies the difference and connection between the philosophical material category and the material theory of natural science, and draws a clear line with the old materialism.