Hydrocarbons contain both double and triple bonds, how to name what properties are in addition to un

When a compound contains both a double bond and a triple bond, if the double and triple bonds are different from the end of the carbon chain, they should be numbered from the side close to the end of the carbon chain, and if the distance is the same, they should be numbered in the order of pre-alkyne and then alkyne. When writing, the double key is written in front and the triple key is written in the back.

The properties are mainly olefins and alkynes.

You can give a specific structural formula.

We can give him a standard name for the Chemical Society.

See your additions.

According to the nomenclature principles of IUPAC.

When there are both double and triple bonds in the molecule, the name is marked with the position number after the alkyne, and the carbon number is written in front of the alkene.

So your first example is 3-butene-1-yne.

The second example is 5-methyl-1,5,6-nonetrien-3,8-diyne.

Those that contain double bonds are called alkenes, and those that contain triple bonds are called alkynes.

For example: ethylene, c=c

Butadiene c = c - c = c

acetylene, c = c (c, c are connected with three bonds).

Specific naming conventions:

The systematic nomenclature of alkenes is similar to that of alkanes, except that the backbone is referred to as "an alkene" and the position of the double bonds is indicated.

1) Choose the longest carbon chain with double bonds as the main chain.

2) Starting at the end closest to the double bond, number the carbon atoms of the backbone chain with Arabic numerals.

3) Use the number with the lower number of carbon atoms in the carbon-carbon double bond to indicate the position of the double bond, and write the position in front of the name of the olefin.

The systematic nomenclature of alkynes is similar to that of alkenes, except that the backbone is referred to as "a certain alkyne".

The names of these two things are quite special!!

Ha ha. The first one is called: 3-en-1-hexyne.

The second is called: 5-methyl-3,4,8-trien-1,6-nonadiene.

This is judged by definition.

Unsaturated hydrocarbons are containing double bonds.

or triple bonded hydrocarbons. The double bond in the unsaturated hydrocarbon is called "alkene", which means that the hydrogen atom is "rare"; The one with three bonds is "alkyne", which means that the hydrogen atom is "lacking". In addition to this, there are aromatic hydrocarbons, such as "benzene".

The double and triple bonds of unsaturated hydrocarbons are not very strong and are easy to break, and are prone to electrophilic substitution reactions and electrophilic addition reactions.

Alkane (wán tīng), that is, saturated hydrocarbons (saturated hydrocarbons), is a saturated hydrocarbon under hydrocarbons, and its overall structure is mostly composed of carbon, hydrogen, carbon-carbon single bonds and hydrocarbon single bonds, and it is also the simplest organic compound, and can be subdivided into paraffins and cycloalkanes. Parnas are alkanes in which carbon atoms are bonded together in a single bond to form a chain (straight or branched). Naphthenes refer to alkanes that contain aliphatic ring structures.

Because carbon-carbon double bonds can also hydrogenate.

Compared with alkanes with the same number of c atoms, each additional double virtual bond is less than 2 h more than one unsaturation, and one more triple bond is less than 4 h and more than 2 unsaturation.

For example, the molecular formula C10H18, the number of alkane difference spike hydrocarbons 10 C, H is 22, 22-18 = 4, and then 4 2 = 2, because of the macro Meng, there are 2 unsaturation, 2 double bonds or 1 triple bonds.

Answer: B

The test point of this question is the application of ultraviolet spectroscopy in the determination of the structure of chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine. The principle of ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (UV) is that electrons in a molecule can transition from the ground state to the excited state due to light irradiation. The absorption of chromophore molecules containing conjugated double bonds, chromophores, and conjugated systems in the ultraviolet and visible regions is corresponding

Jumps as well as n <

Therefore, ultraviolet spectroscopy is an important means for the structural identification of compounds containing conjugated double bonds, unsaturated carboxyl sensitive group structures and aromatic compounds in molecules.

The carbon-carbon double bond in the olefin-deficient molecule is a bond and a joke bond. （）

a.That's right. b.Mistake.

The chain of correct answers contains: a

A saturated hydrocarbon with 9 c atoms in 1:b has 20 h atoms, while the hydrocarbon has only 14 h atoms, unsaturation = (20-14) 2 = 3, a double bond has an unsaturation degree, and naphthenes also have quite an unsaturation degree.

The triple bond has two unsaturations, and the benzene ring has three fispends, a double bond and a ring is equivalent to having four unsaturations.

2:D organic matter A can hydrolyze socks to form B and C, and there are two organic compounds of oxygen atoms that can be hydrolyzed, and we can generally associate ester compounds.

And B can be converted into C, so B and C each account for four carbon atoms, so B is an organic alcohol with four carbon atoms, and C is a carboxylic acid with four carbon atoms of oil.

There are several possible reasons for the structure of organic matter to be determined by b.

ch3-ch2-ch2-ch2-oh,c-c-c(oh)-c ,c-c（ch3)-c-oh,c-c(oh)-(ch3)2

3: Propionic acid.

A. If it is a 4-carbon ring, it is C4H4;

b. If it is a 7-carbon ring, it is C7H10;

c. If it is a 5-carbon ring, it is C5H6;

d. If it is a 10 carbon ring, it is C10H16

Only C matches the option, so choose C.

Actually, it's best to do it with saturation, it doesn't matter if you don't learn, you will see it.

Remember that the general formula of alkanes is CNH2N+2, and for each additional double bond in the molecule, there are two fewer hydrogen atoms; For each more triple bond, there are four fewer hydrogen atoms; For each more ring, there are two fewer hydrogen atoms. In the problem, one ring, two double bonds, a total of 6 hydrogen atoms are missing, so the general formula is CNH2N-4, and only C conforms to this general formula.

The general formula of the structure of saturated hydrocarbons is: CNH2N+2;

The general formula of the structure of alkenes is: CNH2N;

Cyclic hydrocarbons are equivalent to having a double bond, and the general formula is the same as the general formula of the structure of olefins;

Therefore, the desired molecule is equivalent to two double bonds; There is a double bond, which is missing 2 H relative to the saturated alkane, so the chemical formula of the molecule is: CNH2N-2;

Only a matches the options.

c Because each carbon head and tail on a closed cyclic hydrocarbon will be connected to each carbon atom, now there are only two connected hydrogen, if there is no double bond, the number of hydrogen atoms is twice the number of carbon atoms, and one more double bond will be less than two hydrogen atoms, so the number of hydrogen atoms should be: (2c-4), c is the number of carbon atoms.

Only C matches the answer.

But it doesn't have to be hydrocarbons.

For example, there are carbon-oxygen, carbon-sulfur double bonds, carbon-nitrogen triple bonds, etc.