What is the history of Ru kiln porcelain from the Northern Song Dynasty found in the collections of

Porcelain can be said to be our "cultural treasure" and our "heritage culture".

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For the question in the title, I have the following.

1. What is the history of porcelain in China? You know, the development of our Chinese porcelain can be traced back to the primitive society, which was called at that timePottery, which later evolved into the most primitive during the Shang DynastyCeladon, which is the base shape of all our current porcelain.

In the Tang Dynasty of our country, ceramics officially entered the society, and in the Tang Dynasty, they officially upgraded ceramics to celadon, and the most famous ones in the Tang Dynasty were Yue kiln and Xing kiln.

The Yue kiln produces celadon, and the Xing kiln produces white porcelain.

In the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, China's porcelain has a secret color porcelain, which is made of celadon, and other colors are collected on the basis of celadon, the most famous is Chai Rong's firewood kiln.

With the passage of time, our Song Dynasty has carried forward the porcelain of our country.

In the Song Dynasty, there were Ru kiln (royal supplies), Jun kiln (flower pot), Ge kiln (purple iron foot), Ding kiln (white porcelain), Guan kiln, Longquan kiln (the longest porcelain kiln series in Chinese history), Cizhou kiln (created painting decoration), Yaozhou kiln (China's largest kiln system), Shufu kiln (Jingdezhen white porcelain), glaze red (red porcelain, few heirlooms), blue and white (colored porcelain).

In the Ming Dynasty, we had blue and white glaze red (color painting), doucai (color porcelain), Dehua kiln (Buddha statue white porcelain), pastel (decoration), enamel color (court secret play).

The above is part of the history of porcelain in China, there is some information I don't know, if you are interested, go to the Internet to find an expert to ask.

Second, my opinion. Chinese porcelain, which represents the heritage and culture of our country, is also our history, and can be said to be an item that proves our civilization.

China's porcelain is collectible, and I collected a few small bowls in Jingdezhen.

Chinese porcelain was already very common in the Tang Dynasty, but it was only the supplies of dignitaries, and the beginning of porcelain was a bit vague, but our country's porcelain has a very long history.

The predecessor of Chinese porcelain is pottery, pottery is naturally a worthless thing, pottery evolved into porcelain, its value has been valued by people, there are five famous kilns in ancient folk are very respected. But the most skilled porcelain is still in the official kiln. Many of the porcelain made by skilled craftsmen are now scattered overseas due to the war.

Ru kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty, the first of the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty, the product of Song porcelain reached its peak, which made it difficult for later generations to imitate it.

The printed dragon pattern Luo Tang wash magazine is called a masterpiece.

The porcelain of the Ru kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty is very good, very bright in the history of porcelain, and the porcelain is also very valuable, and it is a treasure in the world.

Chinese porcelain has a long history, and the history of porcelain accounts for half of the 5,000 years of Chinese culture.

Ru kiln porcelain of the Northern Song Dynasty occupies a major position in Chinese history and represents China's splendid porcelain culture.

Because the preciousness of the Ru kiln is quite precious, and it has a long history.

China's famous traditional Chinese porcelain craft - Ru kiln, the main representative porcelain of the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the five famous kilns, named after the production in Ruzhou, the kiln site is in Qingliangsi Village, Daying Town, Baofeng County, Henan Province, in the Song Dynasty is known as "Ru, Guan, Ge, Jun, Heng" in the five famous kilns, in the history of Chinese ceramics is known as "Ru kiln".

Ru porcelain fetal quality is delicate, the fetal soil contains a trace amount of copper, shines in the light, slightly red, slightly yellow in the tire color gray, commonly known as "fragrant gray tire", more see Ruzhou Python Sichuan Yanhedian, Dayu Donggou, Ruzhou Confucian Temple, Qingliang Temple and other kiln sites; The tire of Ru kiln in Zhanggong Lane of Ruzhou is gray-white, and the color is slightly white, which is slightly whiter than the tire color of other kilns, which is the main feature of the official kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty. Ru porcelain for the court monopoly, regardless of the cost, with agate as glaze, glaze azure, pink cyan, azure, there are bean green, green, moon white, orange peel pattern, the glaze is moist and soft, pure as jade, there is an obvious sense of ghee, the glaze is slightly bright, mostly opaque or crystallized. Through the magnifying glass observation, you can see the sparse bubbles of the stars under the glaze, caressing it like silk, warm and simple, smooth and clean, glaze like a pile of grease, quiet and elegant, the color is moist and pure, and the grain is crystal and changeable.

It looks like the green peak and green, like the beauty of jade and not jade. The glaze is covered with red halos, some like the early morning to the sea, some like the sunset, some like the rain after the sunset, some like the rainbow hanging in the air, the world is called "azure is precious, pink blue is still up, sky blue is precious." "When Ru porcelain in Zhanggong Lane of Ruzhou is glazed, the azure is pink and green, the glaze is moist, and the feel is like jade.

It has typical characteristics such as blue sky, jade face, and sparse morning star.

In order to avoid the pollution of impurities in the kiln, it must be packed with a sagger, and the utensils should be cushioned with gaskets and nails to prevent adhesion with the sagger. Gao Lian's "Zunsheng Eight Notes" said that Ru kiln "has a ephedra at the bottom, and the needle is fine". At the bottom of the utensil, you can see small nail marks like sesame seeds.

Three, five, seven, six nails have few marks, the marks are very shallow, and the size is like corn. The utensils in Zhanggong Lane are cylindrical nails. The Ru kiln utensils in the area of Yanhedian and Dayu Donggou in Python River have no nail marks, and the bowls, boxes, concave bowls, washing, and covers of individual utensils all adopt the pad cake firing method.

Ru porcelain glaze is a special technique, the formation of glaze is the glaze defect produced by the object at the beginning of high-temperature roasting, the jargon is called "glaze collapse". Through manual operation, the Ru kiln artists transformed this uncontrollable and ever-changing glaze disease into a natural and wonderful decoration, and the control was just right, which can be described as a stunt. The glazed pieces are relatively thin, mostly diagonally split, and the depth is intertwined and intertwined, like silver fish scales or cicada wing patterns, giving people a sense of orderly arrangement.

The fine trachoma in the glaze has caviar patterns, sesame flowers, and crab claw patterns. There are typical orange peel glaze, borneol glaze, tea foam, and some wicker-like flakes are caused by the phenomenon that the mud molecular arrangement structure faces a certain direction when the hand-drawn winch rotates.

Because Ru kiln is known as the first of the "five famous kilns", it is known as "Ru kiln is the leader" in the history of Chinese ceramics. At present, there are less than 100 pieces of Ru kiln porcelain in the Northern Song Dynasty, so this porcelain found in Germany is a "sensational discovery".

Because the treasures of the Ru kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty are very precious, because the method of making the classic authentic products of the Ru kiln has been lost, and many crafts have disappeared.

Because it was a Chinese cultural relic, but it was suddenly found in a museum in Germany, and it was such a precious thing.

The main reason is, of course, that the Ruguan kiln porcelain that is truly recognized by the industry is scarce and rare in the world. Because the Ru kiln ** before and after only 20 years, the existing verifiable whole vessel does not exceed 79 pieces, and so far, the tombs of the past dynasties have not been unearthed a piece of Ruguan kiln porcelain, the kiln site unearthed almost all are fragments, according to the museum announced **, this is a diameter of 13 cm, verdant blue shallow bowl, the color has the significant characteristics of the Ru kiln.

I think of course these cultural relics should be returned to us, these things are our Chinese cultural relics, and they should be returned to us if they were transported to foreign countries through improper means during the war.

If the war was robbed at that time, this kind of improper ** should be returned to the original owner, if it was the emperors of other Chinese dynasties as an object of friendly exchange, it should not be returned to the original owner, of course, China can also choose to buy it back.

Yes, because these are all snatched back by the colonizers of their country, they do not belong to their country, and they should be returned to their original owners.

You think too much, many Chinese cultural relics are bought back by our country's own money, if you really want to return it, it still depends on the consciousness of others.

The porcelain of the Ru kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty was originally a cultural relic of China, and it was in the Qing Dynasty when the Eight-Nation Coalition invaded China, and many cultural relics were plundered by foreign countries, and they should be returned to their original owners.

Of course, these cultural relics should be returned to their original owners, because they symbolize the splendid civilization of a country in the past, and as long as they are returned to their original owners, they can play their value.

It should take a long time, because these cultural relics are scattered everywhere, and if you want to return them all, you have to deal with foreign affairs, which is a long process.

The road to the return of the cultural relics lost in our country is relatively long, because these cultural relics do not belong to our country's assets at present, and it will take a series of complicated procedural steps to make these cultural relics from other countries, and it will take a long time for the cultural relics that belong to our country to be returned.

I believe that the cultural relics that have been lost abroad in our country will definitely be able to be returned, because our country's comprehensive national strength is getting stronger and stronger, and its status in the international community is also getting bigger and bigger.

<> see if this is a Ru kiln?

I have collected the same fragments as the Ru kiln porcelain plates in this museum (the same shape and color).

Ru kiln is very famous, from the late Tang Dynasty to the early Southern Song Dynasty before and after firing for more than 250 years, before 1980, the amount of survival is indeed only a handful, but more than 40 years of reform and opening up, everywhere infrastructure, private theft and digging, a large number of sleeping underground Ru kiln porcelain in the world, so that the original rare Ru kiln has become a surviving amount, the collection of Ru kiln is countless, the private collection of more than 100 pieces is not a few, the Song Dynasty Ru kiln is precious, but not rare, in China's 70 million Tibetan army, More than half of the collectors were able to come up with a few pieces of Ru kilns that were guaranteed to be fired in the Song Dynasty, which were not rare at all. However, the vast majority of them are ordinary Ru kilns (also known as generalized Ru kilns and Linru kilns) with limited collection value, and only the official Ru kilns fired by the court in the late Northern Song Dynasty (Zhezong, Huizong, and Qinzong) have collection value. Looking at the real thing, most of the Ru kilns in the collections of the two palaces in Beijing and Taipei are ordinary Ru kilns of low value.

Until now, it is still said that the Song Dynasty Ru kiln is scarce, either the collection literacy is outdated, or the ghost is uneasy and kind, misleading the people.

The main reason is that the Ru kiln has now been lost, and the ancient Ru kiln is fired very little, and it is generally used only by those princes and nobles, so the number is scarce and rare.

The reason why Ru kilns are rare is because the craftsmen of today have lost their original craftsmanship and technology, so it is difficult to see truly classic treasures in modern times.

There are news reports that Ru kiln porcelain from the Northern Song Dynasty has been found in museum collections in Germany, and people in our country are very, very surprised by this news, and we can also know that this porcelain is also very, very important for the development of our country, and I think this porcelain should be returned to our country.

Because we all know that this porcelain is very, very important for our country, and we can also see that the significance of this porcelain for the development of our country is also very important, so this is why the significance of our country to this porcelain is very, very important, and we can also see that everyone is very, very fond of porcelain, and this porcelain belongs to our country, and it also belongs to our country. So that's why people in our country want to return this porcelain to our country.

And because the history of our country is very, very long, we can also see that everyone is also very, very important for this porcelain, and at the same time, we can also see that everyone is also very, very fond of this porcelain, so we can also see that everyone also likes this porcelain very, very much.

So I think this porcelain should be returned to our country, and we also have to know that this porcelain is also very, very important for the development of our country, so we can also see that people also pay very, very much attention to this porcelain, so I think this porcelain should be returned to our country, and I think this porcelain should also be returned to our country, so I think this porcelain must be returned to our country.

As a Chinese, I definitely think that it should be returned, after all, these things are produced by our country and are cultural treasures of our country, but if Germany is forced to return, I am afraid that this behavior is not very atmospheric, and it should be possible to buy it for a fee.

I think that if the porcelain had been illegally plundered to Germany, it should have been returned, or it would have to be bought back with money.