Can anyone say what coal fired oil is

The previous inaccuracies, the 20 dollar barrel statement is even more absurd, and it may have been said by some experts a few years ago.

Coal-to-oil is a popular term, generally known academically as coal liquefaction. But strictly speaking, the so-called liquefaction of coal is also inaccurate. As a colloquial convention, it can also be called liquefaction.

Generally, there are two processes for converting coal to oil, one is direct liquefaction, and the other is called indirect liquefaction. However, in terms of the principle of atomic utilization, it is mainly to use the carbon element in coal and a small amount of hydrogen element to synthesize oil products. Because both of them involve complex academic and academic issues, I will not talk about them here, and I will only talk about one point about the ** issue below.

Let's start with the issue of direct liquefaction. 1 barrel of oil 200 liters, about 150 kg, 150,000 grams. If gasoline is calculated as C9 hydrocarbon, the molecular weight of C9H20 is 128, so that 200 liters of oil need carbon resources 150 * 108 128 = 127 kg, which is equivalent to about 127 kg of coal (because it is necessary to deduct the water, sulfur, ash and volatile content in the coal, the fixed carbon that can be used is half), and the coal ** is calculated at 400 yuan, which is about 100 yuan; Hydrogen resources are needed for 150 * 20 128 = 24 kg, and these resources should be taken from organic solvents, if calculated by toluene, toluene is needed for 92 * 24 8 = 276 kg, tons of toluene ** is 6000 yuan, 24 kg needs about 276 * 6000 1000 = 1650 yuan (toluene effect is not good, but ** is relatively cheap, if you use good effect of decahydronaphthalene, ** is too high, generally 500 ml on hundreds of yuan).

Considering that the carbon resources and recycling factors in toluene can also be used, it will be at least about 1,000 yuan. In this way, the cost of raw materials alone needs 1,100 yuan barrels, and if you consider factors such as high temperature and high pressure equipment, energy consumption, catalyst cost, separation and purification, the cost of each barrel of oil is at least nearly 1,500 yuan, or about 180 US dollars

Then calculate the indirect liquefaction cost problem. A barrel of oil 200 liters, 150 kilograms, the need for syngas (obtained from coal and water at high temperatures, that is, coal to produce water gas) is 1000 cubic meters (from the principle of synthesis, with a cubic meter of syngas to get 150 grams of oil, the limit is 208 grams, 150 grams is already very high), and now the cost of syngas is yuan cubic meters. In this way, the raw material cost per barrel of oil is 1500 yuan, which is 180 $

To sum up, the first process is mainly due to the fact that organic solvents are expensive and the reaction conditions are harsh. The second process depends on the synthesis process and the efficient catalyst. At present, neither is industrialized.

Of course, for an enterprise like Shenhua, coal resources are national, don't think about it, it will be okay then.

Because oil involves a wide range of industries, has a long industrial chain, and directly affects ordinary consumers, its impact can be described as huge. The absence of "blood" and soaring oil prices have highlighted the energy value of alternative oil. Not long ago, the country's first "coal-to-oil" project was put into operation in Shaanxi, and Shanxi, which is rich in "black gold" resources, is also exploring the industrialization of "coal-to-oil" technology.

"Coal-to-oil" refers to the technology of coal liquefaction, which converts the hydrocarbons contained in coal into other hydrocarbons through chemical reactions, such as diesel, gasoline, and so on. According to experts from Shanxi Institute of Coal Chemistry, coal liquefaction synthetic oil technology is an effective way to alleviate the shortage of oil resources in China. China's coal reserves exceed 1 trillion tons, accounting for more than 70% of the total energy sources.

The existing "coal-to-liquid" technology has been able to control the cost of gasoline and diesel products per barrel at about 20 US dollars, which is much lower than the current international oil market.

Kerosene, also known as fire oil and fire water, is a mixture of hydrocarbons obtained by fractional distillation of petroleum.

Pure kerosene is a colorless and transparent liquid, which is pale yellow when it contains impurities. Slightly foul-smelling. The boiling range is 180 310 (not absolute, it often varies depending on the specific situation in production) and the average molecular weight is between 200 250.

Melting point 40 or more. The kinematic viscosity is 40. Insoluble in water, soluble in alcohols and other organic solvents.

Volatile. Flammability.

After volatilization, it is mixed with air to form the most advanced mixture. The combustion is complete, the brightness is sufficient, the flame is stable, no black smoke, no lights, no obvious peculiar smell, and little pollution to the environment.

Kerosene is miscible with petroleum-based solvents. The solubility to water is very small, and kerosene containing aromatic hydrocarbons has greater solubility to water than kerosene, an aliphatic hydrocarbon. Kerosene dissolves absolute ethanol. Mixtures with alcohols stratify when water is present at low temperatures.

Kerosene has different chemical compositions for different purposes. The physical and chemical properties of the same kerosene are also different due to different production methods and origins.

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The ignition point of kerosene is 80 84, and under normal circumstances, ordinary kerosene cannot be ignited directly. Whether it is a kerosene lamp, a kerosene stove or a kerosene firer, there needs to be a burning cotton thread to ignite under the action of the accelerant. The two necessary conditions for combustion must be oxygen and hit the ignition point, which should be ignited by a flame over a large area without insufficient temperature so it will not burn.

And if kerosene is on paper, kerosene rarely reaches the ignition point easily, which is why kerosene ignites easily. However, if the amount of kerosene is relatively large and does not reach the ignition point, then kerosene is not particularly easy to ignite directly, although it is a flammable liquid. Especially for aviation kerosene, if the ignition point of kerosene reaches four or five, it is simply impossible to make it appear the possibility of combustion.

Therefore, when you usually use kerosene, as long as you pay more attention, there will be no fire.

Fire water and kerosene can not be distinguished, kerosene is commonly known as fire water, fire water is a general term for gasoline or kerosene, the main components are C 4 C 12 hydrocarbons, alkanes and other hydrocarbons. It is one of the mixed hydrocarbon articles. It is a colorless or yellowish, volatile and flammable liquid with a special odor.

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