Those substances that dissolve in alcohol but not in water

Whether it can be ionized or not is not related to whether it is soluble in water or not. Microscopically speaking, energy ionization is caused by the breaking of chemical bonds with high energy under the impact of water molecules in water, making the molecules become anions and cations, resulting in ionization. This "impact of water molecules" includes both the impact of the thermal motion of the molecule and the attraction of polar molecules.

So junior high school chemistry says that water is a good solvent, why? One of the reasons for this is that water molecules are highly polar. (The landlord is a freshman in high school, right?)

The concept of polarity will be learned later. Dissolving in water depends on the "intimacy" of the substance with the water. The so-called "similarity dissolves".

If a substance is not "intimate" and "similar" to water, then it may not be "soluble". But it has nothing to do with whether it is impacted by water molecules or not. (Strictly speaking, the process of dissolution is very complex, involving many physical and chemical changes, and some of the deeper mechanisms are not explained even today.)

Here is a brief explanation) For example, an ion, barium sulfate, is insoluble in water. This is because the structure of barium sulfate itself dooms it to be "intimate" with water. However, the ionic bond energy between barium sulfate is relatively high, and water has strong polarity.

The small fraction of barium sulfate dissolved in water under the attraction of water can be completely ionized. So barium sulfate is insoluble in water but is a strong electrolyte – because the part that dissolves in water can be completely ionized. It can ionize because of its high bond energy and strong polarity of water molecules.

But that doesn't justify its ability to dissolve in large quantities. Ionization occurs after dissolution. At best, ionization can only ionize the dissolved part, but the insoluble part is powerless.

Bromine, iodine and gasoline organic compounds.

In general, organic matter can be soluble in organic matter, and inorganic matter can be soluble in inorganic matter [except for alcohol soluble in water].

Reasons why alcohol is soluble in water:

1. Alcohol and water are both polar molecules, according to the principle of similar solubility, water and alcohol are miscible with each other, so alcohol has a high solubility in water;

2. Alcohol contains ethanol, which can form hydrogen bonds between ethanol molecules, hydrogen bonds can also be formed between water molecules, and hydrogen bonds can also be formed between the two, so they can be dissolved in each other;

In summary: hydrogen bonds can be formed between alcohol and water, so that the intermolecular binding force is enhanced, and its solubility is greatly increased, in addition, alcohol and water are polar molecules, according to the principle of similar compatibility, their solubility is also greatly increased, so alcohol and water can be miscible in any ratio.

Alcohol is soluble in water, and alcohol is miscible with water in any ratio.

Due to the presence of hydrogen bonds, ethanol has strong deliquescent properties and can quickly absorb moisture from the air. The physical properties of ethanol are mainly related to the properties of its low-carbon linear chain alcohols. The hydroxyl groups in the molecule can form hydrogen bonds, so ethanol is viscous and less polar than organic compounds with similar relative molecular mass.

Ethanol is a good solvent that can dissolve many substances, so ethanol is commonly used to dissolve plant pigments or medicinal ingredients; Ethanol is also commonly used as the solvent for the reaction, so that the organic and inorganic substances participating in the reaction can be dissolved, the contact area is increased, and the reaction rate is increased.

The structure is similar and soluble. Polar solvents are easy to dissolve compounds with polarity, such as water is a polar solvent, and alcohol is also a strong polar molecule, so it is soluble. While oil is a weakly polar molecule or a non-polar molecule, it is difficult to dissolve in polar solvent water, but soluble in organic solvents, such as gasoline, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, etc.