Eggplant is a common home cooked dish, what are the common diseases of eggplant in the planting proc

Generally, in the process of planting eggplant in our rural areas, if the management is not done properly, there will be some physiological diseases, such as low temperature obstacles, deformed fruits, nitrogen overabundance, plant overgrowth and other physiological diseases. Most of the diseases that cause harm on eggplants are parasitic. Such as wilt cataplexy, cotton plague, brown striae verticillium wilt, etc.

At the same time, there are also a variety of physiological diseases, such as stiff seedlings and leaf rolling, burning leaves and yellow leaves, falling flowers and falling fruits, cracking fruits, sunburn umbilical rot, hollow fruits, poor coloring and other problems.

Brown streaks will be produced on the eggplant fruit, irregular brown sunken lesions, after the lesion expands, there will be obvious ring lines, and many small black spots will be produced on the spots, and some lesions can be as large as half a eggplant, which will eventually cause rotten fruit. The main diseases of eggplant are soil-borne diseases, such as root wilt, verticillium wilt, etc., which are all heavy crop diseases. It is extremely difficult to control, and grafting treatment should be considered if continuous planting is necessary.

If no grafting, the interval should be more than five years.

Soil carriers are the main source of infection of this disease, which is caused by direct invasion from root wounds or young root epidermis, and the disease will be aggravated in low-lying places, heavy soil clay, too much irrigation, insufficient fertility, early planting, too deep seedlings, and serious root injury. This disease is generally in the early summer rainy or rainy plum rain or autumn rainy and foggy years are more serious, its main damage to fruits, leaves, stems, flowers, will cause a large number of fruit rot.

In the early stage of eggplant cotton blight, the lesions are water-stained and round, rapidly expanding and extending to the whole fruit, the lesions are brown or dark brown, gradually shrinking and softening, when the humidity is high, the disease is full of hairy white hyphae, and finally the diseased fruit rots or becomes a stiff fruit. After transplanting at the seedling stage, the eggplant seedlings were frost damaged. Due to the lack of timely protection, or the protection is not in place, if it is not too serious frost damage, from the leaf point of view, there are no particularly obvious symptoms, but it is easy to cause the phenomenon of stiff seedlings, to avoid the deformity of the fruit, the fruit shape after tomato treatment can be better.

Eggplant diseases mainly include cataplexy, brown streak, wilt, cotton blight, bacterial wilt, verticillium wilt, etc. Cataplexy occurs at the seedling stage, the seedlings are water-stained near the base of the soil surface, and then shrink into a line, the cotyledons are not withered, and the seedlings have fallen on the surface.

Solana cataplexy.

Cataplexy, also known as microfoot plague, is an important disease in the nursery stage caused by fungi. The germs are spread by rainwater, irrigation water, and can also be spread by seed carriers. It is easy to develop the disease under the conditions of soil temperature below 15C, high water content, and insufficient light.

It is also susceptible to low-lying, poorly drained and clayey soils, as well as in areas where unrotted compost is applied. The pathogen invades the plant through the wound, and after the seedlings are unearthed, they begin to appear yellow-brown water-stained lesions at the base of the embryon, and then gradually develop to a week around the young stem, and the diseased tissues decay and dry up or are concave and shrinking, so that the seedlings fall and die.

Aphids mainly eat stems and leaves, and they are not very harmful at first, but there are more aphids that are very harmful to plants. Sclerotinia sclerotinia is one of the common diseases of vegetables. The white cotton-like hyphae will grow with the release time. In severe cases, the stems and leaves will die, and eventually the whole plant will die, affecting the yield.

(1) Major diseases.

Vertical blight, cataplexy, virus disease, tomato wilt, late blight, early blight, gray mold, leaf mold, umbilical rot, eggplant brown streak, cotton blight, root rot, verticillium wilt, pepper blight, anthracnose, scab and solar burn, etc.

2) Major insect pests.

Cotton bollworm, tabacina, aphid, whitefly, red spider and tea yellow mite, etc.

3) The occurrence characteristics of the main diseases and insects.

Cataplexy, blight and rooting often occur at the seedling stage due to low temperature and high humidity, insufficient light and improper management. In the adult stage, some fungal diseases often occur due to high temperature and high humidity, such as early blight, late blight, gray mold, leaf mold, anthracnose, etc.; The high temperature and drought in summer are conducive to aphid infestation and lead to the occurrence of viral diseases. Warm and humid conditions are conducive to the occurrence of mites.

Clause.

1. Cataplexy of tomatoes, eggplants, and peppers.

1. Symptoms. Cataplexy disease mostly occurs in seedbeds. Cataplexy is the seedling after the emergence of the true leaves, the infection of the fungus, resulting in the base of the seedling stem water-stained dark spots, and then around the stem expansion, gradually shrinking into a thin line, the upper part of the seedling due to the loss of support capacity and the ground to the ground.

When the humidity of the seedbed is high, white cotton wool-like bacteria are often densely grown on the bed surface of the pathogen or its vicinity.

2. Transmission route and pathogenesis conditions. When the conditions are suitable, the oospores germinate, produce germ tubes, directly invade young shoots, or form sporangia after the top of the bud tube expands. The zoospores are spread to the seedlings by rainwater or irrigation water, and invade from the stems, and the incubation period is 1-2 days.

When the humidity is high, the sporangia and zoospores produced on the diseased seedlings are re-infected with the pathogen, which is the most suitable for 34-36, but it can also grow at low temperature of 8-9, and the nightshade seedbed in our county is prone to cataplexy in mid-July every year.

Clause. 2. Tomato, eggplant, and pepper blight.

1. Symptoms: Newly unearthed seedlings and large seedlings can develop the disease. The base of the stem of the diseased seedling turns brown, the diseased part shrinks and hangs, and the stems and leaves wilt and die. The seedlings are slightly larger and wilt during the day and recover at night, and gradually die when the lesions circle the stem, but this is not an important feature to distinguish cataplexy.

2. Transmission route and pathogenesis conditions. It overwinters in soil with mycelium or sclerotia, and can saprophyte in soil for 2-3 years. Mycelium can directly invade the host and spread through water and agricultural tools.

The appropriate temperature for the development of pathogens is 24, the highest is 40-42, the lowest is 13-15, and the pH value is suitable. Sowing too densely, seedlings are not timely, and the temperature is too high to induce the disease.

Clause. 3. Prevention and control methods of cataplexy disease and blight in tomato, eggplant and pepper.

Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride at the seedling stage can enhance disease resistance. Seed dressing with 40% seed weight double or 32% seedling fungus trichlorowettable powder. The seedbed medicinal soil treatment can be treated with 40% seed dressing double powder alone, or 40% pentachloronitrobenzene and Fumei double 1:

1 mix, 8 grams per square meter of seedbed. In the early stage of the disease, 400 times of Pulik water can be used, 2-3 liters of spray solution per square meter, and 450 times of 15% oxafen water can also be used. When cataplexy and blight are mixed, it can be sprayed with 800 times of Pulik water solution and 800 times of 50% Fumei double wettable powder, 2-3 liters per square meter, once every 7-10 days depending on the condition, and 2-3 times of continuous prevention and control.

Root rot at the seedling stage (root rot) is a common disease at the seedling stage

1.Symptoms: When root rot occurs, the roots do not have new roots or adventitious roots, the root bark rusts and rots, causing the aboveground leaves to wilt and easy to pick up, the upper leaf margins are yellow and scorched, and the seedling leaves are dry or fall off when they are severe, and they seem to be deficient.

2.**: The main reason is that the ground temperature is lower than 14 degrees for a long time, and the soil temperature of the seedbed is large.

Or in case of rainy and snowy weather, the bed temperature is low and the seedlings wilt for a long time, root rot will occur, and the seedlings are yellow-green or milky yellow after root rot, and the leaf edge begins to wither and scorch, and the growth is slow, and the roots appear in the cotyledon stage, and the cotyledons die. When the roots rot at a certain leaf stage, the true leaf will wither. The bed temperature is between 12 and 14 degrees Celsius, especially at night, which causes the growth point to stop growing, causing the seedlings to die from their roots.

3.Prevention and control: the furrow surface of the seedling bed should be flat, strictly prevent excessive watering humidity, enhance the temperature management of the seedbed, and avoid the bed temperature being too low and too wet.

Keep the bed temperature above 16 degrees, and correctly grasp the time of air release and the amount of ventilation. Make the seedlings grow robustly, and loosen the soil in time to increase the bed temperature after a slight root rot. At the same time, the leaves are sprayed with strong rooting powder to promote the growth of new roots.

Many farmers who have no planting experience mistakenly believe that root rot is caused by pathogens, but the fact is that in the production of vegetable seedlings, it is mostly caused by low bed temperature and high humidity and improper management. As long as the seedbed soil has been treated with pesticides such as nitrobenzene, dixone, and seedling fungus, it will not produce pathogens. Therefore, after root rot, do not spray fungicide medicine for treatment, find out the cause of the disease and solve it correctly, and the content of the appeal is for the reference of farmers, and it is strictly prohibited.

Soil selection The soil for planting should be selected well, and the garden soil can be mixed with organic fertilizer, stirred evenly, and the soil can be used after leveling. Start sowing to level the soil, then spread the seeds evenly to the top, cover with a thin layer of soil, then level the soil and water it thoroughly to promote seed germination. After the seedlings grow roots and grow steadily, they can be planted, and they also need to be fertilized in time.

Eggplant is a common disease of this vegetable during cultivation.

Cataplexy, root rot, gray mold, Verticillium wilt, leaf mold, so be sure to prevent and control it in advance.

Eggplant cotton blight, which mainly infects leaves, stems, flower organs and fruits. Eggplant is about to ripen is the peak period of the disease, generally the first disease caused by fruit disease near the ground, the loss rate is relatively high, after infection, the leaves are slightly immersed in brown spots, and the severe susceptibility to the disease gradually withers, until the upper branches and leaves wilt, the fruit is damaged, and the disease has sparse white mold when wet.

Verticillium wilt , Verticillium wilt is a systematic soil-borne disease, commonly known as"Half-madness"The incidence is generally in the flowering stage and the early stage of nightshade disease, and it is less common in the seedling stage. In the early stage of susceptible plants, the leaves and lateral branches wither for a long time at noon, and the wilted parts or leaves gradually expand and increase, and gradually spread to the whole plant, resulting in the wilting of the whole plant, and the appearance of vascular browning and grayish-white mildew on the stem surface at high humidity.

Eggplant gray mold, the main prevention and control methods: adding medicine to soak flowers, preventive drugs, early prevention and control. The anthers are soaked in humus or Isobacterium urea, and the chlorothalonil aerosol or chlorothalonil aerosol or Pythium aerosol is used for prevention.

During the cultivation of eggplant, common diseases include bacterial wilt, verticillium wilt, cataplexy, brown streak, aphids, and mites.

Eggplant belongs to the Solanaceae crop, and now is the season of a large number of market, the appearance of eggplant is very special, and the purple one is very beautiful! There are also many ways to eat eggplant, you can fry it, boil it and braise it! But my favorite is the eggplant with minced meat, it's delicious!

Diseases that often occur in the growth process of eggplant include root rot, verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt, gray mold, soft rot, bacterial brown spot, fruit rot, immune disease, powdery mildew, leaf mold, sclerotinia sclerotinia disease, virus disease, nematode disease and physiological diseases, such as poor coloration, flower drop, calcium deficiency and so on.

In the process of planting eggplant, the damage of aphids is a relatively common insect pest, and the adults and larvae of aphids feed on the sap of plants, harming the growth of crops. Moreover, aphids can also spread viruses, so once we find aphids, we must control them in time. Usually when spraying or using fertilizer, it is used together with biological bacteria selenium-rich fertilizer, which not only improves the disease resistance of eggplant, but also uses biological selenium to destroy insect eggs and reduce the reproduction of insect eggs.

Eggplant is one of my favorite vegetables in season, whether it is braised or boiled, or barbecued eggplant, I love to eat, we plant a small amount of eggplant in the countryside is generally not easy to grow insects, no eggplant can be sprayed a little pesticide before the prevention. Eggplant is an important crop in our country. Compared with other vegetables, the cultivation and management process of eggplant is more complicated, and the occurrence of diseases and pests of eggplant is very frequent.

Eggplant cotton blight, eggplant cotton blight mainly occurs in the high temperature and high humidity environment, commonly known as eggplant blight, eggplant blight mainly causes eggplant fruit rot, loss of commercial value, and at the same time to the eggplant seedlings, young branches and leaves and other parts of the harm eggplant wilt disease. Eggplant wilt is also a fungal disease of the subphylum Semi-Homomycetes, which gradually develops from bottom to top, and the leaves turn yellow between the leaf margins and veins, and then develop to the edge of the leaf or the whole leaf wilts and finally falls off.

Prevention and control methods: choose varieties with good disease resistance for planting, disinfect seeds and soil before planting, select sunny and well-drained plots, and spray sterilization with pesticides when the disease occurs.

Common diseases are aphids, spider mite, sclerotinia sclerotinia sclerotinia and cotton blight, cataplexy, when this disease is found, be sure to use carbendazim for spraying, and also pay attention to keeping warm and ventilating at any time, kill the diseased plants, and do not let him infect other plants.

Cataplexy usually occurs in the seedling stage of eggplant, and the disease is characterized by water stains at the base of the seedling near the soil, and later shrinks into a linear shape. To prevent the occurrence of this disease, it is necessary to ventilate the plants, maintain proper light, and avoid overwatering. When the disease is diseased, it can be prevented and treated with 58% Remycin 800 to 100 times or Priclix 600 times.

Cataplexy, cotton blight, sclerotinia sclerotinia are all diseases that will occur when planting eggplant, and we must carry out field weed treatment when planting eggplant, and we must prevent the prevention and control of pests and diseases in advance, so that we can reduce the appearance of pests and diseases.

Cataplexy, cotton blight, sclerotinia sclerotinia disease, aphids, red spiders, etc., these are relatively common diseases that need to be controlled when planting.