Why did Emperor Wen of Sui abolish the old system and implement the imperial examination system?

Because due to the influence of the inspection system and the Jiupin Zhongzheng system, the strength of the scholar clan was strong, which threatened the emperor's imperial power.

At that time, the Han Dynasty adopted the inspection system and the requisition system, the former was recommended by local governments at all levels to have both ability and political integrity, and the latter was the first and local government to recruit talents from the society. Those elected by the state are called Xiucai, and those elected by the county are called filial piety. The probation system lacks objective selection criteria, although there is a joint sitting system, but in the later period, there is gradually a phenomenon of favoritism and untruthfulness of the local government.

There are also various drawbacks to the expropriation system.

During the reign of Emperor Wei Wen, Chen Qun founded the Jiupin Zhongzheng system, which was divided into nine grades of employment by **specific**, according to the assessment of folk talents such as birth and morality. This system was used during the Jin and Six Dynasties. The Jiupin Zhongzheng system is an improvement of the probation system, mainly the power of probation is changed from the magistrate to the **appointed**.

However, the system has always been based on the selection of talents by magistrates. In the Wei and Jin dynasties, the clan was powerful, and often influenced the evaluation of talents by the central officials, and later even the criteria were limited to family backgrounds. As a result, the phenomenon of "no poor family in the upper grade and no scholar in the lower grade" has been created.

not only blocked the people's talents, but also allowed the clan to control the court personnel and affect the emperor's power.

After the Sui unified the country, in order to adapt to the development and changes of feudal economic and political relations, in order to expand the requirements of the feudal ruling class to participate in the political power, and strengthen the centralization of power, Emperor Wen of Sui took over the power to select officials, abolished the Jiupin Zhongzheng system, and began to use the method of selection by examination

This has to go forward with Chen Qun's Nine Grades Zhongzheng System.

In terms of content, there are three main points in the Jiupin Zhongzheng system. 1. Set up Zhongzheng: This is the key link of the Jiupin Zhongzheng system.

The so-called Zhongzheng is the person in charge of evaluating the characters in a certain area, that is, the Zhongzheng official. There are large and small central officials, and the state has a large central official, who is in charge of the evaluation of the characters in several counties in the state, and the nine-grade Zhongzheng system.

Each county has a separate junior high school official. The Zhongzheng officials were originally elected by the county governors, and after the Jin Dynasty, they were elected by Situ among the three princes of the imperial court. Among them, the junior lieutenant magistrate of the county can be elected by the senior lieutenant magistrate of the prefecture, but he still needs to be appointed by Situ.

Under normal circumstances, the large and small central officials of the state and county are concurrently served by the incumbent **** recommended by Situ, and sometimes, Situ or the official department also directly serves as the state's central official. This is to ensure direct control over the election and avoid interference by others in the affairs of the Central Committee. Both large and small officials also have subordinates named "visits".

2. Pindi Person: This is the main responsibility of the Central Officer. The Lieutenant was responsible for evaluating scholars of his same nationality, including those in the prefecture and in other counties.

There are three main contents of the evaluation: 1. Family history: that is, family origin and background.

It refers to the seniority of the fathers and grandparents, the situation of the eunuchs and the level of the title. These materials are called books or books, and they are something that the central officials must master in detail. 2. Rows:

That is, the general evaluation of personal character and ability, which is equivalent to the current moral evaluation. At that time, the general evaluation was generally very concise, such as "talented and brilliant", "virtuous and talented", "few virtues and excellent abilities", etc. 3. Order:

That is, to determine the grade. In principle, the order is based on the line, and the family history is only for reference. But after the Jin Dynasty, the grade was completely determined by family background.

Those who come from poor backgrounds can only be set at the bottom of the line no matter how high the comments are; Those who come from wealthy families can also be ranked in the top class if they are not in good shape. As a result, it became a situation at that time that "there was no poor family in the upper grades, and there were no scholars in the lower grades".

In this way, in fact, the power has always been in the hands of the gate lord, which is not conducive to the rule of the emperor and the development of the country.

It is very easy to cause the powerful to form a party with private individuals and the common people to die unjustly.

The emergence of the imperial examination system was also the restriction of the rights of the gate valve family on the one hand by Emperor Wen of Sui; Second, it can better select talents.

Purpose: 1. Selection of talents for the imperial court: In order to adapt to the development and changes of feudal economic and political relations, expand the requirements of the feudal ruling class to participate in political power, strengthen the centralization of power, collect the power to select officials, abolish the Jiupin Zhongzheng system, and begin to use the method of selection by subject examination;

2. Break the monopoly of the Shi clan since the Eastern Han Dynasty, support the Shu clan to suppress the Shi clan, and consolidate the feudal rule of the ruling class;

3. Instilling new blood into the answering and ruling classes, so that the feudal machine will always have new blood infusion;

4. Through the imperial examination system, the feudal rulers controlled the minds of intellectuals and instilled the idea of foolishness, loyalty, and purity, with the main purpose of strengthening feudal rule.

Because before the establishment of the imperial examination system of Emperor Wen of Sui, the power of the state was almost in the hands of those big families, who had strong connections, strong financial and material resources, and prominent reputation. This situation is of course very unfavorable for the country, when the interests of the country and the interests of the family conflict, these people will inevitably choose to choose the family instead of the country, and the imperial examination system is to fundamentally cut off the foundation of the family, so that the children of the wealthy family get a relatively fair opportunity, from the perspective of the proportion of the world's population, over time, the population base is more than countless times the family of the children of the wealthy will inevitably take these families and replace. At least it is no longer possible to unite and even have the power to subvert state power at any time, as it was in front of the Daidai.

It is because of the imperial examination system created at that time, so that many poor people with bad backgrounds can also get some positions in the blue sedan chair, and it also broke the previous Jiupin Zhongzheng system, which is still being extended and buried, so it has cross-era significance.

Because of the imperial examination system founded by Emperor Wen of Sui, it broke the nine-grade Zhongzheng system that had been followed for thousands of years, so that the poor family could also produce noble sons. The Kelu Zi quietly book service system founded by Emperor Wen of Sui has continued to this day, so it has the significance of crossing the early scum era.

This is because after the establishment of the imperial examination system, Zhensun Duanwei can allow some children of poor families to excel, and it is also a break of a traditional imperial reputation custom at that time, and some bad habits are removed, which is also to continue this system to this day, and it is still evolving.

Because the imperial examination system ended the nine-rank Zhongzheng system since the Wei and Jin dynasties, the children of the poor family had a way to enter the official career and ended the privileges of the nobles.

Because of the rule of the system at that time. So it is of epochal significance.

Because the imperial examination system changed the way the imperial court selected talents.