The original meaning and extended meaning of the phase, the original meaning and extended meaning of

The original meaning of a word may or may not be fundamental. The extended meaning and the figurative meaning are both derived from the basic meaning, and the figurative meaning is essentially a kind of extended meaning.

The original meaning refers to the original meaning of a word, the original meaning of a word that is documented. The basic meaning is the most commonly used of multiple meanings of a word. Therefore, the original meaning of a word may be the basic meaning.

The extended meaning is derived from the basic meaning of a word, and the figurative meaning is the interpretation that arises by analogy with the basic meaning of a word.

For example, the basic meaning of "sea" is the same as the original meaning, which means the part of the ocean that is close to the land. And in the word "eat and drink from the sea", "sea" means unrestrained, which is the extended meaning of "sea".

In addition, in the word "sea of fire", the "sea" here is a metaphor, a metaphor for the same kind of things that are connected together.

Extended information: The identification of the meaning of the word can be started from two aspects, one is to look at the glyph, but if you start from the glyph, you need to look at the ancient Chinese characters such as oracle bone inscription and small seal, this method can refer to the book "Shuowen Jiezi". Another way to distinguish the meaning of a word is to discern the original meaning of a word by inducting the multiple meanings of the word.

2.Measure words, used for periodicals or other periodical things: fifth.

3.Hope, Hope: Hope. Wish. Expect. Treat.

4.Limit: "Accumulation is unnecessary, and there is no excess."

5.Will, decide: "Death, not bravery".

6.Yi refers to a person who lives to be 100 years old.

7.Geology refers to the geological age unit within a country or a large area, which is smaller than the "epoch".

jī ] һ һ һ : 年. Month. Clothing (the name of the ancient mourning dress, to be worn for a year).

Extended meaning: The meaning generated by the evolution and development of the original meaning of the word, so the extended meaning and the six meanings have more or less a relationship of "son and mother" and "flow and source". For example, the original meaning of "shallow" is to mean that the distance from the surface to the bottom is short (the water is very shallow).

By extension, the degree is not deep (his skills are shallow); By extension, it means that the time is not long (the days they spend together are very shallow); By extension, the color is light (light blue).In the process of learning, we must remember the original meaning and learn to derive.

Metaphor: A new meaning that uses the original meaning of one word to compare another thing, and communicates from the similarities between the two. For example, "siblings" are used as a metaphor for "brothers", and "tiger's mouth" is used as a metaphor for dangerous situations.

The figurative meaning of the word is not the same as the rhetorical metaphor of the locust. Although the figurative meaning of the word was originally gradually formed through figurative usage, it has become a new fixed meaning of the word and is accepted by the masses; Figurative rhetoric, on the other hand, is an ad hoc analogy in a particular linguistic misfortune; There is no fixed collocation relationship between ontology and metaphor, and an ontology can have multiple metaphors.

Original meaning: The original meaning of the thing itself.

Multiple meanings are not equal, and the most common and basic meaning is the basic meaning.

The development of basic meaning deduction is called extended meaning.

The basic meaning of using the basic meaning to metaphor things is called figurative meaning, such as hat ==== The original meaning of cuckold is the original meaning of things.

Extended meaning: The meaning generated by the evolution and development of the original meaning of the word, so the extended meaning and the six meanings have more or less a relationship of "son and mother" and "flow and source". For example, the original meaning of "shallow" is to mean that the distance from the surface to the bottom is short (the water is very shallow).By extension, the degree is not deep (his skills are shallow); By extension, it means that the time is not long (the days they spend together are very shallow); By extension, the color is light (light blue).

In the process of learning, we must remember the original meaning and learn to derive.

Figurative Meaning A new meaning that uses the original meaning of one word to compare another thing, and communicates from the similarities between the two. For example, "siblings" are used as a metaphor for "brothers", and "tiger's mouth" is used as a metaphor for dangerous situations. The figurative meaning of the word is not the same as the rhetorical metaphor of the locust.

Although the figurative meaning of the word was originally gradually formed through figurative usage, it has become a new fixed meaning of the word and is accepted by the masses; Figurative rhetoric, on the other hand, is an ad hoc analogy in a particular linguistic misfortune; There is no fixed collocation relationship between ontology and metaphor, and an ontology can have multiple metaphors.

The original meaning of the word is the original meaning that first appeared in history, and it was later derived into an extended meaning.

I'm sorry, but my ability is limited.

Original meaning: It is the literal meaning of the word.

Extended meaning: It is a meaning that is slowly formed in the process of life and history.

Among the multiple meanings of polysemous words, the original meaning is called "original meaning".

The other meanings of polysemous words are directly or indirectly derived from the original meaning, and these later derived meanings are called "derived meanings".

Among the multiple meanings of polysemous words, there is always one that is the most commonly used and main in a certain period, and this meaning is called "basic meaning".

The basic meaning is different from the original meaning, which is in terms of the relationship between the various meanings of polysemous words and the frequency of use in a certain era, while the original meaning is in terms of the sequence of the occurrence time of each meaning of polysemous words.

Since the criteria for determining the original and basic meanings are different, the original and basic meanings of the word may or may not be consistent. For example, the original and basic meanings of "hand" are both "the part of the upper limb of the human body that holds things", and the original and basic meanings of "cow" both refer to a kind of mammal, and their original meaning and basic meaning are the same.

The original meaning of "soldier" is "weapon", but the basic meaning is "soldier"; The original meaning of "taking" is "cutting off the ear", but the basic meaning of modern times is "taking it to the side", and their original meaning and basic meaning are inconsistent.

According to the way of word meaning derivation, derived meanings are divided into two types: one is extended meaning; One is figurative.

Meanings derived from the correlation between things are called "extended meanings". For example, the extended meaning of "hand" is: (1) holding, such as "one book per hand"; (2) by hand, such as "handwriting, manuscript, trolley"; (3) handwriting, such as "handwriting, handwriting"; (4) Small and easy to operate by hand, such as "hand Mo Dao does not kill the soul gun, grenade, tambourine"; (5) Measure words, used for skills and abilities, such as "he really has two hands"; (6) People who are good at playing a certain skill or doing a certain thing, such as "drummer, chess player, shooter".

Meanings derived from the similarity of things are called "figurative meanings". For example, the original meaning of "heart" is "the organ that drives blood circulation in a person or a higher animal", and the figurative meaning is "the center of things"; The original meaning of "baggage" is "a bag wrapped in cloth", and the figurative meaning is "a burden that affects thoughts or actions"; The original meaning of "antique" is "something old and outdated", and the figurative meaning is "a person with outdated thoughts or outdated habits". The original meaning of the English word "nose" is "nose", and the figurative meaning is "the prominent part of things".

Qiuhao: refers to the newly grown fine hair on the body of birds and beasts in autumn, and is later used as a metaphor for the most subtle things. [Source]: "Mencius, Liang Hui Wang" "Ming is enough to see the end of the day, but if you don't see the salary, then the king is Xu?" ”

锱baht (zī zhū), an ancient unit of weight, six baht is equal to one baht, and four baht is equal to one tael. Figurative: trivial things or very little money.

The original meaning of a word, that is, the most ancient meaning that can be tested by the form of the word and verified by documentary data, is called the original meaning of the word.

The meaning derived from the original meaning is called the extended meaning.

For example: "Xiang", the first three meanings of the "Etymology" are: 1. North window.

2. Facing direction, facing each other. 3. Direction, tendency. Which meaning is the original meaning of "to"?

Judging from the shape of the text, the "to" oracle bone inscription is made, and the small seal is oriented, like a window on the wall of a house. Judging from the literature, "Shuowen": "Xiang, the north is also out."

The Book of Poetry, Fengfeng, July" "The dome smokes the rat and stuffs it into the Jinhu." The glyphs are corroborated with the literature, and it can be judged that "North Window" is the original meaning of "Xiang". Because the window is oriented in a certain direction, it is deduced from the meanings of "facing", "opposing", "direction", "tendency", etc., which are all extended meanings of "toward".

The way to find the original meaning:

1) Analyze the glyph: The original meaning of the word can generally be reflected in the glyph. The form in which a word is used to record it is drawn up according to the meaning expressed by the word at the time of the word-making.

For example, the word "诛" is from the words, Zhu Sheng, and the meaning of the word is related to speech acts. "Punishment" has the meaning of killing, condemning, and reproaching. According to the glyphs, it can be determined that condemnation is the original meaning, and the rest is the extended meaning.

2) Citation: Seek the original meaning of the word, and more importantly, see how the language of the literature uses the word. Glyphs are just the writing symbols of words, and they cannot directly express the meaning of words without language. It is only in the concrete language in which the words are formed into sentences that the meaning of the words is revealed.

For example, "anger" has the meaning of annoyance and anger, the word is from the heart, and the sound is good. However, according to the use case of the ancient book, the meaning of boredom appeared earlier, and it can be determined that the original meaning should be boredom.

How to grasp the extended meaning of words:

The derivation of word meaning is a rather complex linguistic phenomenon, but it has certain ways, methods and rules to follow. To grasp the extended meaning, we must first make a specific analysis on the basis of understanding the original meaning.

Original meaning: Generally refers to the original meaning or earlier meaning of the word, which is an ideogram, and the shape and meaning of the word have a close relationship, and have the characteristics of meaning in form and meaning due to form.

Extended meaning: The meaning derived from the original meaning is called extended meaning. According to the relationship with the original meaning, it can be divided into direct and indirect extension.

A direct extension is a meaning that is derived directly from the original meaning. Indirect derivation is the meaning that is derived from the original meaning.

Example Xiang: The original meaning is "window to the north".

The extended meaning is "towards" and "towards". Direct derivation is a meaning that is directly derived from the original meaning. Indirect derivation is the meaning that is derived from direct derivation, and is indirectly related to the original meaning.

The original meaning of a word or word is the original meaning of the word. The extended meaning refers to the later generation of a new meaning from the original meaning. For example, the original meaning of the word "jian" is a mirror, which can be used as a warning or a lesson, which is its extended meaning.

Extension, as the name suggests, is a new meaning derived from a word. For example, when hitting people and covering up, the first hit shows the meaning of the fight itself, while the later hit is its extended meaning; A conjunctive word refers to a word that has different parts of speech, such as experience, if it is an unforgettable experience, the experience here is a noun; If I say I have experienced a disaster, the experience here is a verb; A conjunctive word is a word that has two meanings and usages, and strictly speaking, a conjunctive word is not an independent word.