How to understand Cheng Zhu Lixue as a new development of Confucianism? 5

Generally speaking, Confucianism is divided into three stages, the first stage is the pre-Qin to Qin and Han dynasties, the second stage is the Song and Ming dynasties, and the third stage is modern Confucianism, Cheng Zhu Confucianism, which is an important branch belonging to the Song and Ming dynasties.

The development of Confucianism in Yichuan and Zhuzi lies in its development of university thought, pre-Qin Confucianism, whether it is Confucius or Mencius, is a longitudinal metaphysical system, but Yichuan and Zhuzi are horizontal metaphysical systems, that is, whether Confucius's benevolence or Mencius's mind, they are both being and moving, while Zhuzi and Yichuan's principles are only existing and inactive. Therefore, if pre-Qin Confucianism is directional ethics, then Yichuan and Zhuzi are essential ethics, similar to the Plato-Aristotelian system of the West. However, the difference is that Zhu Zi is exquisite, respectful and reasonable, that is, he has self-cultivation skills, while the Western Plato-Aristotle lacks it.

As for the Ming Dao lineage, it is the authentic Confucianism, and its development of Confucianism lies in its view of "Heavenly Principles", and Ming Dao claims that "the word Heavenly Principles is self-considerate". Pre-Qin Confucianism, starting with Confucius, put forward the idea of "benevolence", and there was the Yi system and the Mencius system, the Yi Chuan system is the idea of heavenly Taoism, and Mencius is the thought of the mind, which failed to merge in the pre-Qin period, but in the Song and Ming dynasties, there was a convergence. The "Heavenly Principles" of the Ming Dao were a fusion of these two systems, thus developing the metaphysical system of Confucian morality.

It was in the Song Dynasty that Zhu Xi's science became a representative of a new kind of Confucianism.

Zhu Xi was admitted to the Jinshi at the age of nineteen, and served as the governor of Nankang, Jiangxi, Zhangzhou, Fujian, and the governor of eastern Zhejiang. The official worships the Huanzhang Pavilion and lectures for Emperor Song Ningzong.

Zhu Xi has written a lot, including "Notes on the Collection of Chapters and Sentences of Four Books".

Taiji Diagram Explanation", "Tongshu Explanation", "Zhou Yi Reader", "Chu Ci Collection Annotation".

Later generations have compiled "Zhu Zi Daquan", "Zhu Zi Collection of Words" and so on. Among them, the "Annotations on the Collection of Chapters and Sentences of the Four Books" became the standard for the textbook and the imperial examination.

Ming dynasty. During the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Xi's science was canonized as orthodox, while during the Song Dynasty, it was called pseudo-science.

Science is the inheritance and development of Confucianism.

However, Lixue contributes the Confucian concepts of society, ethnicity, ethics and morality to a more complete conceptual and systematic philosophy and belief system, and makes it logical, spiritual, abstract and truthful. This made Lixue have a strong sense of autonomy, and formed a political concept that reason is higher than power and Taoism is higher than governance, which provides theoretical support for suppressing the power of the monarch and making Chinese politics move towards the popularization of Chinese politics and the participation of the people in politics and discussion in the Song and Ming dynasties. It also makes the logical, abstract, and systematic ethics and moralization dominate the "Heavenly Principle" and "Heavenly Dao", replacing the crude concept of "Mandate of Heaven" and the personality of God, which is a huge leap forward in Chinese and world philosophical thought.

Thought; 3.The fundamental purpose is to require people to overcome their selfish desires and standardize their behavior with the idea of "benevolence", so as to maintain feudalism.

the dominant social order;

4.Status and influence: All of them are major achievements in China's ancient philosophical thinking, and they have produced a major and far-reaching impact.

Sound. Differences:

1.Composition of the Universe: Science believes that everything in the universe is composed of two aspects, "reason" and "qi", which makes it objective.

idealist views; Psychology believes that "there is nothing outside the mind" and "the mind is reason", which is a subjective idealistic view.

Dot; 2.Moral Claims: Rational Reasoning advocates that human beings should have external heavenly principles.

for the code of conduct; The theory of mind advocates that people should pass.

Inner self-cultivation, self-examination to achieve conscience;

Song. The development of Confucianism from science to mind reflects the relationship between the inheritance and development of cultural thought. The introduction of the science of mind shows Confucianism.

There is a shift from objective idealism to subjective idealism. The development of Confucianism also reflects that Confucianism is constantly absorbing the beneficial elements of other ideas and adapting to the needs of social development.

Follow-up: Confucius.

How can the mind be idealistic!

Follow-up: What is that?

Follow-up question: The saint speaks often but not strangely, speaks virtue but not power, governs but does not speak chaos, and speaks people but not God! I remember the college entrance examination questions one year, to the effect that Confucius was a materialist.

Follow-up: Materialism is the belief that between consciousness and matter, matter determines consciousness.

Consciousness is the reflection of the objective world in the human brain. The meaning should be that Confucius did not talk about weirdness, bravery, rebellion, and ghosts. But normality, morality, governance, and people should also belong to the category of consciousness. Hehe, my personal opinion may not be correct.