The causes of various natural disasters in China, the region, and the prevention and control methods

Rainy season in the Jianghuai region Late spring and early summer The cold and warm air masses in the Jianghuai region are evenly matched Rainy and continuous - more precipitation; There is "empty plum" weather - drought and precipitation - drainage; There is "empty plum" weather - diversion of water for irrigation.

After the plum rains, under the control of a single subtropical high, the weather is very hot and there is little rain, and the task of fighting drought is arduous.

Typhoon Southeast Coast Summer and Autumn Intense tropical cyclones and storms forming over tropical oceans Timely forecasts, make good preparations for typhoon transit, establish and improve the system of policies and regulations for disaster mitigation, create coastal shelter forests, and raise public awareness of disasters.

Spring Drought North China March to May The temperature rises quickly, the evaporation is vigorous, the summer monsoon does not arrive (or is affected by a single cold air flow), the precipitation is low, and it is the season of crop sowing and growing, the water storage is large The air is dry, the soil is short of water, and the water level of rivers and lakes is declining Water diversion for irrigation.

Summer flood in North and South China June-August Spring winds come late, have a long impact time, and the intensity of precipitation is high Flood disaster Drainage of low-lying land, dredging of rivers, and increase the inflow of estuary.

The eastern monsoon region is strong from March to May, and the polar continental air mass is strong, and there are strong low temperatures, rain and snow in spring, and plastic film covering.

Cold Wave In the vast areas other than the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau In the winter half of the year, the most serious in spring and autumn Strong cold air invades rapidly Strong winds, rain, snow, and frost damage are long and wide-ranging.

Windy and sandy weather in the Sanbei region Spring and autumn, with the most serious in spring The northwest monsoon blows, and the sand and dust in the arid area spreads to the southeast The wind is strong, the atmospheric sand content is large, the visibility is low, and the influence range is wide, which is generally the same as the cold wave path Create shelterbelts and return farmland to forests and grasslands.

Heavy rain and floods Vast areas except some desert areas in the west Summer and autumn The weather system that forms precipitation lasts for a long time, such as fronts, cyclones, tropical cyclones, etc. Precipitation intensity is high, the time is short, and floods are formed, and there are many heavy rainstorms and extremely heavy rains in the southern (and eastern) regions of our country Dams, river channels, reservoirs, flood distribution areas, land management in floodplains are strengthened, flood forecasting and early warning systems are established, emergency evacuation plans and countermeasures for residents are drawn up, and flood prevention insurance is realized.

Drought North China, Northwest China Winter and Spring No precipitation for a long time or unusually low precipitation Dry air and lack of water in the soil have caused prominent problems in the world and affected economic development and social stability Adapting measures to local conditions, rationally adjusting the agricultural structure, improving the agricultural ecological environment, selecting excellent crop varieties in drought-prone areas, carrying out the construction of agricultural water conservancy facilities, creating shelter forests, and improving the farming system.

Raising public awareness of disasters Spring Drought North China March-May Temperatures rise quickly, evaporation is strong, and the reason why the summer monsoon is not is simple: it is affected by the monsoon climate.

1. Characteristics of natural disasters in China.

1 There are many types: the territory is vast, and all weather systems have an impact on our country; The temperate climate zone is conducive to the reproduction of various diseases, insects and grasses; China is located at the junction of plates, and the earth's crust is highly active; China's geological structure is complex, the terrain is undulating, there are many geomorphological units, and the rainfall and vegetation are unevenly distributed, which makes the surface and underground runoff vary greatly, and there are many sources of disasters. China has a large population and a strong effect of man-made harm.

2. High frequency: China has a vast territory, is located in different climate zones, and is in the monsoon climate zone, which is a natural disaster-prone area in the world.

3. Wide distribution: From the perspective of time, there are different degrees and types of natural disasters in spring, summer, autumn and winter in China; From the spatial point of view, natural disasters in China are mainly distributed in the northwest, north China, eastern monsoon region, southwest China, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, southeast coast and other regions. From the perspective of causes, the occurrence of natural disasters has a certain correlation.

4. Large regional differences: from the perspective of latitude, China spans two latitude zones in the north and south, and spans multiple temperature zones; From the perspective of land and sea location, China is located on the east side of the Eurasian continent and the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, and is a country with both land and sea disasters, which makes China have both land and marine disasters; The climate in China is complex and diverse, the characteristics of monsoon climate are very significant, the precipitation is mostly concentrated in the eastern monsoon region in space, and the time is mostly concentrated in summer and autumn, and the precipitation varies greatly between years.

On February 4, 1975, Haicheng, Liaoning**, on July 28, 1976, Tangshan, Hebei**, in mid-June 1998, Wenchuan was flooded, and on May 12, 2008, Wenchuan**.

The land area of the People's Republic of China is about 9.6 million square kilometers, with more than 18,400 kilometers of coastline of the eastern and southern continents, more than 14,000 kilometers of island coastlines, and more than 4.7 million square kilometers of inland and border waters.

There are 7,600 large and small islands in the sea area, of which Taiwan Island is the largest, about square kilometers. The land border is more than 20,000 kilometers long, with 14 countries bordering and 6 countries bordering on the sea. The provincial-level administrative divisions are divided into 4 municipalities, 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 2 special administrative regions, with the capital Beijing.

The land territory of the People's Republic of China includes Chinese mainland and its coastal islands, Taiwan and its affiliated islands including Diaoyu Dao, Penghu Islands, Dongsha Islands, Xisha Islands, Zhongsha Islands, Nansha Islands (now Xisha Islands, Zhongsha Islands, Nansha Islands are collectively referred to as "Sansha City") and all other islands belonging to the People's Republic of China, such as Huangyan Dao.

The width of the territorial sea is 12 nautical miles from the baselines of the territorial sea. China's contiguous zone is 24 nautical miles wide.

China is one of the few countries in the world with the worst natural disasters. China has always had frequent natural disasters, with many types, high frequency and serious losses. It has become the third country in the world with the most natural disaster losses after Japan and the United States.

The main reasons for this are as follows:

1.China is located at the intersection of the global natural disaster belt and the Pacific Rim disaster belt in the middle latitudes of the northern hemisphere.

2.China's mountainous geographical location, mountainous landforms and strong crustal movements.

3.China is under the control of unstable monsoon circulation, which is prone to meteorological, hydrological and other natural disasters.

4.The shortage of ecological resources and irrational production activities in China have become an important reason for the spread of natural disasters in space and the intensification of time.

5.The overall deterioration of the ecological environment has greatly aggravated the severity of natural disasters in China.

In addition, the formation of natural disasters in China is deeply affected by human activities, and there are obvious differences between north and south and east and west. The vast eastern monsoon region is an area where natural disasters are frequent and the disaster situation is relatively serious, and the coasts of north, southwest and southeast China are areas prone to natural disasters. The increasingly serious land desertification is due to human activities such as over-mining, over-reclamation, and over-grazing. Red desertification in the southeastern hills is due to over-logging; Soil salinization in North China is mostly due to irrational irrigation.

Natural disasters are frequent, not only in China, but also in many countries in the world. The reason for the frequent occurrence is to a large extent that human beings ignore the laws of nature and destroy nature by man.

1.Our country is at the intersection of two major natural disaster belts.

2.China is located between the two major belts, and the earth's crust has strong movement.

3.Two-thirds of our country is mountainous and has complex terrain.

4.The monsoon climate is unstable, and the strength of the summer monsoon will sooner or later lead to frequent drought and flood disasters in China5It is bordered by the vast Pacific Ocean and is heavily influenced by the ocean.

Drought, typhoon, flood, landslide, mudslide, pest and disease, etc. Natural disasters not only cause resource destruction, direct economic and human resources**, but also bring various indirect losses, and may even affect the stability and sustainable development of society.

China is one of the countries with the most serious natural disasters in the world, and the main natural disasters are drought, typhoon, flood, landslide, mudslide, pest and disease, etc. Natural disasters are abnormal phenomena that occur in the natural world on which human beings depend, and the harm caused by natural disasters to human society is often shocking. Natural disasters not only cause resource destruction, direct economic and human resources**, but also bring various indirect losses, and may even affect the stability and sustainable development of society.

For example, the Tangshan Flood in 1976, the Southern Flood in 1998, the Extreme Baishi Freeze in the Southern Region in 2008, the Wenchuan Flood in 2008, the Southern Dacao in 2009, and the Zhouqu Debris Flow in 2010.

The most common natural disaster in our country is flooding.

1. Flood is a kind of disaster caused by excessive rainfall, floods, landslides and other natural factors, causing damage to human life, property and the environment.

2. In China, the vast land and large number of people, the diversity of climate, coupled with the abundant river resources of floods, the characteristics of topography and landform, population, economy and cultural structure, as well as the impact of global warming and human activities, have all led to floods becoming the most common natural disasters in China.

1. Causes of floods

1. The causes of floods in China are complex, mainly including natural factors and human factors. Natural factors are mainly due to high-intensity rainfall, snow disasters, hail, typhoons, torrential rains and other weather phenomena, resulting in rivers and lakes and inland reservoir areas flooding.

2. At the same time, human factors have also greatly exacerbated the frequency and severity of floods, such as: overexploitation, desertification and soil erosion, illegal mining, indiscriminate logging, etc.

2. Flood hazards

1. Floods have a huge impact on people's lives and property. From the perspective of material loss, a large number of urban buildings, farmland, roads, and various means of transportation may be damaged, making the homes of the victims almost a pile of rubble.

2. More importantly, floods pose a serious threat to people's life safety and health, and long-term potential risk factors, the aggravation of soil erosion, and the fragmentation of ecosystems have exacerbated the instability of human society and the unsustainable development of the environment.

3. Flood prevention

1. Flood prevention measures include both preventive measures and emergency measures. Preventive measures mainly involve water conservation, strengthening reservoirs and dams, and paying attention to meteorological warnings.

2. In this field, we should play an important role in strengthening the management and control of disasters and reducing the possibility of their outbreak by formulating professional water conservancy planning, promoting scientific land use, and improving targeted emergency plans.

3. Emergency measures mainly refer to a series of measures such as compacting the organization and dispatch of emergency sites and arranging volunteer corps to ensure the smooth handling of emergencies and the slowdown of disaster spread. This also requires close cooperation between the first department, relevant units and the public to ensure that the disaster handling work is effective and fast.